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Alcohol consumption in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第24期18卷 3105-3111页

作者： Hannes Hagstrm per Stl Knut Stokkeland Annika Bergquist Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska Institutet14186 StockholmSweden Department of Medicine Visby HospitalKarolinska Institutet14186 StockholmSweden

AIM:To assess the alcohol drinking patterns in a cohort of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) patients and the possible influence on the development of ***:Ninety-six patients with PSC were evaluated with a validated questionnaire about a patient's lifetime drinking habits:the lifetime drinking history(LDH) *** addition,clinical status,transient elastography and biochemistry values were analysed and *** were defined as having either significant or non-significant *** fibrosis was defined as either an elastography value of ≥ 17.3 kPa or the presence of clinical signs of *** were divided into two groups depending on their alcohol consumption patterns;no/low alcohol consumption(one drink or unit/d) and moderate/high alcohol consumption(≥ 1 drink or unit/d).LDH data were calculated to estimate lifetime alcohol intake(LAI),current alcohol intake,drinks per year before and after diagnosis of *** also calculated the number of episodes of binge-drinking(defined as consuming ≥ 5 drinks per occasion) in total,before and after the diagnosis of ***:The mean LAI was 3882 units of alcohol,giving a mean intake after onset of alcohol consumption of 2.6 units per *** 9% of patients consumed alcohol equal to or more than one unit per *** alcohol intake in patients with significant fibrosis(n = 26) was less than in patients without significant fibrosis(n = 70),as shown by lower values of phosphatidylethanol(B-PEth)(0.1 mol/L vs 0.33 mol/L,respectively,P = 0.002) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin(CDT)(0.88% vs 1.06%,respectively,P = 0.02).Self-reported LAI was similar between the two *** with significant fibrosis reduced their alcohol intake after diagnosis from 103 to 88 units per year whereas patients without fibrosis increased their alcohol intake after PSC diagnosis from 111 to 151 units/*** were no correlations between elastography values and intake of alcoho

关键词： Alcohol Fibrosis Cirrhosis Lifetime drinkinghistory Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Participatory forest management in Burkina Faso: Members' perception of performance

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 637-646页

作者： Pascaline Coulibaly-Lingani Mulualem Tigabu Patrice Savadogo per-Christer Oden Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Departement Produc-tions Forestieres 03 BP 7047 0uagadougou 03 Burkina Faso World Agroforestry Centre & International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRAF-ICRISAT West and Central Africa Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Scienc-es Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre P.0.Box 49 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden

This study examines variations in the performance of partic-ipatory forest management programs among four forest management groups (FMGs) in southern Burkina Faso, and assesses the factors that influence their members’ perceptions of performance through a house-hold survey of 216 members. Variations in performance scores among the FMGs were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance while multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors that influ-ence their perception of the performance. The results reveal significant differences in performance scores among FMGs. Members of some FMGs perceived that the participatory forest management program ena-bled them to get benefits from the sale of fuelwood while performance scores in the forest conservation and decision-making processes is gener-ally poor. The score for economic performance of FMGs in turn was related to better access to roads and markets. Group size tended to en-hance economic performance via its strong influence on annual fuelwood harvest, while the resource base appeared to be inconsequential. Mem-bers of the forest management groups perceived that large group size and group heterogeneity, particularly in terms of ethnicity, as well as knowledge and awareness of problems related to the forest environment have no influence on the performance of their respective groups. For rural communities to have a favorable disposition toward sustainable forest management, differences in member understanding of collective actions and their impact before and during the implementation of partic-ipatory forest management programs should be considered.

关键词： Common-pool resources Collective action Sustainableforest management West Africa

THE GEANT4 VISUALIZATION SYSTEM—A MULTI-DRIVER GRAPHICS SYSTEM

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2013年第S1期4卷 1-19页

作者： JOHN ALLISON LAURENT GARNIER AKINORI KIMURA JOSEPH per School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester ManchesterM139PLUK and GEANT4 Associates International Ltd.9 Royd Terrace Hebden BridgeHX77BTUK John Laboratoire de l’Acc´el´erateur Lin´eaire 91898 Orsay cedexFrance Ashikaga Institute of Technology 268-1 Omae-choAshikaga CityTochigi 326-8558Japan SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025-7015USA

From the beginning,the Geant4 Visualization System was designed to support several simultaneous graphics systems written to common abstract ***,it has matured into a powerful diagnostic and presentational *** comes with a library of models that may be added to the current scene and which include the representation of the Geant4 geometry hierarchy,simulated trajectories and user-written hits and *** workhorse is the OpenGL suite of drivers for X,Xm,Qt,and *** is an Open Inventor *** can be exported in special graphics formats for offline viewing in the DAWN,VRML,HepRApp and gMocren *** can be generated through OpenGL,Open Inventor,DAWN and ***4’s own tracking algorithms are used by the Ray *** all drivers support all features but all drivers bring added functionality of some *** paper describes the interfaces and details the individual drivers.

关键词： Geant4 simulation radiation modeling graphics ray tracing.

perceived Adverse Effects of Separating Government Institutions for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Within the Southern African Development Community Member States

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Livhuwani D.Nemakonde Dewald Van Niekerk per Becker Sizwile Khoza African Centre for Disaster Studies Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2522South Africa Lund University Centre for Risk Assessment and Management(LUCRAM) Lund University22100 LundSweden

Integration of disaster risk reduction(DRR)and climate change adaptation(CCA)is widely recognized as a solution for reducing the risk and impacts of ***,successful integration seems elusive,and the two goals continue to function in isolation and in *** article provides empirical insights into the perceived effects of separating government institutions for DRR and CCA within the Southern African Development Community member states.A mixed method research design was applied to the study.A total of 40 respondents from Botswana,Eswatini(until April 2018 Swaziland),Madagascar,Malawi,Namibia,South Africa,Tanzania,Zambia,and Zimbabwe participated in face-to-face interviews or an online *** major effects of separating the organizations for DRR and CCA that impede efforts to reduce disaster risk coherently were identified:duplication of services,polarization of interventions,incoherent policies,competition for the same resources,and territorial *** the continued fragmentation of institutions for DRR and CCA,highlighting these effects is important to emphasize the need for integrated approaches towards the reduction of disaster risk.

关键词： Climate change adaptation Disaster risk reduction Southern African Development Community Sustainable development

Self-Powered,Long-Durable,and Highly Selective Oil-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Intelligent Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第10期14卷 95-107页

作者： Jun Zhao Di Wang Fan Zhang Jinshan Pan per Claesson Roland Larsson Yijun Shi Division of Machine Elements Department of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden Department of Engineering and Design School of Engineering and InformaticsUniversity of SussexBrighton BN19RHUK Division of Surface and Corrosion Science Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044 StockholmSweden

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have potential to achieve energy harvesting and condition monitoring of oils,the“lifeblood”of ***,oil absorption on the solid surfaces is a great challenge for oil-solid TENG(O-TENG).Here,oleophobic/superamphiphobic O-TENGs are achieved via engineering of solid surface wetting *** designed O-TENG can generate an excellent electricity(with a charge density of 9.1μC m^(−2) and a power density of 1.23 mW m^(−2)),which is an order of magnitude higher than other O-TENGs made from polytetrafluoroethylene and *** also has a significant durability(30,000 cycles)and can power a digital thermometer for self-powered sensor ***,a superhigh-sensitivity O-TENG monitoring system is successfully developed for real-time detecting particle/water contaminants in *** O-TENG can detect particle contaminants at least down to 0.01 wt%and water contaminants down to 100 ppm,which are much better than previous online monitoring methods(particle>0.1 wt%;water>1000 ppm).More interesting,the developed O-TENG can also distinguish water from other contaminants,which means the developed O-TENG has a highly water-selective *** work provides an ideal strategy for enhancing the output and durability of TENGs for oil-solid contact and opens new intelligent pathways for oil-solid energy harvesting and oil condition monitoring.

关键词： Oil Triboelectric nanogenerator Energy harvesting Intelligent monitoring

Coppicing ability of dry miombo woodland species harvested for traditional charcoal production in Zambia:a win–win strategy for sustaining rural livelihoods and recovering a woodland ecosystem

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 549-556页

作者： Stephen Syampungani Mulualem Tigabu Nalukui Matakala Ferdinand Handavu per Christer Oden School of Natural Resources Copperbelt UniversityBox 21692KitweZambia Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 49230 53 AlnarpSweden Zambia Forestry College P/Bag MwekeraKitweZambia

The miombo woodland is one of the most extensive woodlands in Africa, supporting livelihoods based on biomass fuel for millions of rural people. However, there are growing concerns about the sustainability of harvesting for biomass fuel （mainly charcoal）. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether regeneration by coppice is a viable option for sustainably managing miombo woodlands for biomass fuel production. We tested the hypotheses that （1） species, stump diameter, stump height and time since cutting significantly affect the number of sprouts per cut stump （coppice density） and mean sprout height （shoot vigour） and （2） higher coppice density reduces shoot vigour due to competition among coppice shoots in a given stump. In an inventory in areas that were harvested for charcoal production by the local people, 369 stumps of 11 species were recorded with mean coppice stumps ranged from 6 to 84. The mean coppice density ranged from 5 to 8 shoots per stump while the mean height of coppice shoots ranged from 46 to 118 cm with marked interspecific variations. Stump size was signifi- cantly and positively correlated with coppice density for some of the species, but not with shoot vigour for the majority of the species. However, shoot vigour was significantly positively correlated to time since cutting of trees for nearly half of the species. Coppice density had a significant negative correlation with shoot vigour for two species, and a positive correlation for one species. In conclusion, the results provide evidence about the importance of coppice management as a win-win strategy for sustaining charcoal-based rural livelihoods and recovering the miombo woodland ecosystem.

关键词： African woodlands Charcoal production Forest management Regeneration Resprouting ability

The potential drivers in forming avian biodiversity hotspots in the East Himalaya Mountains of Southwest China

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第2期10卷 171-181页

作者： Fumin LEI Yanhua QU Gang SONG per ALSTRÖM Jon FJELDSÅ Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden Centre of Macroecology Evolution and ClimateZoological MuseumUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots,including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China(HMSC),thus making necessary a review of the current *** Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America,suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction,and,thus,different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary *** short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the *** geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms,the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range,the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species-rich and endemic-rich,specialized montane avian *** Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial *** studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold-tolerent and warm-tolerent species.

关键词： biodiversity hotspots East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China phylogeographical divergence Pleistocene glaciations species richness and endemism

Fecal markers of inflammation used as surrogate markers for treatment outcome in relapsing inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第36期14卷 5584-5589页

作者： Michael Wagner Christer GB Peterson Peter Ridefelt per Sangfelt Marie Carlson Department of Medical Sciences Gastroenterology Research Group University Hospital SE-751 85 Uppsala Sweden Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Chemistry University Hospital SE-751 85 Uppsala Sweden

AIM： To evaluate fecal calprotectin （FC） as a surrogate marker of treatment outcome of relapse of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and, to compare FC with fecal myeloperoxidase （MPO） and fecal eosinophil protein X （EPX）. METHODS： Thirty eight patients with IBD, comprising of 27 with ulcerative colitis （UC） and 11 with Crohn＇s disease （CD） were investigated before treatment （inclusion）, and after 4 and 8 wk of treatment. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by clinical features of disease activity and endoscopy in UC patients, and disease activity in CD patients. In addition, fecal samples were analyzed for FC by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, and for MPO and EPX with radioimmunoassay （RIA）. RESULTS： At inclusion 37 of 38 （97%） patients had elevated FC levels （〉 94.7 μg/g）. At the end of the study, 31 of 38 （82%） patients fulfilled predefined criteria of a complete response IUC 21/27 （78%）; CD 10/11 （91%）]. Overall, a normalised FC level at the end of the study predicted a complete response in 100% patients, whereas elevated FC level predicted incomplete response in 30%. Normalised MPO or EPX levels predicted a complete response in 100% and 90% of the patients, respectively. However, elevated MPO or EPX levels predicted incomplete response in 23% and 22%, respectively. CONCLUSION： A normalised FC level has the potential to be used as a surrogate marker for successful treatment outcome in IBD patients. However, patients with persistent elevation of FC levels need further evaluation. FC and MPO provide superior discrimination than EPX in IBD treatment outcome.

关键词： Fecal markers Calprotectin Myeloperoxidase Eosinophil protein X treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease

Colorless-to-colorful switching of electrochromic MXene by reversible ion insertion

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3587-3593页

作者： Jianxia Jiang Leiqiang Qin Joseph Halim per O.Å.persson Lintao Hou Johanna Rosen Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials Physics DepartmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköping SE-58183Sweden

Electrochromic(EC)materials that change color with voltage have been widely studied for use in dynamic ***,colorless-to-colorful switching with high contrast ratio is generically unattainable,especially for colorless-to-black electrochromic materials with an ultrahigh contrast ratio over the entire visible *** this work,we developed Nb_(1.33)C MXene-based dynamic windows with colorless-to-black switching of up to 75%reversible change in transmittance from 300 to 1,500 *** exploring the electrochromic effects of different electrolytes through in situ optical changes and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM),it is found that electrochromic behavior is greatly influenced by the extent of reversible Li^(+)insertion/deinsertion between the two-dimensional Nb_(1.33)C MXene *** addition,a colorless-to-black EC device based on Nb_(1.33)C with an overall integrated contrast ratio over 80%was successfully constructed by a solution-processable spin coating *** work enables a simple route to fabricate MXene-based high-performance electrochromic smart windows,which is important for further expanding the application of MXenes to optoelectronic and photonic applications.

关键词： MXenes electrochromic materials colorless-to-black switching high contrast ratio reversible Li^(+)insertion