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Evolutionary relationships of mitogenomes in a recently radiated Old World avian family

Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 153-159页

作者： Wenqing Zang Zhiyong Jiang per G.P.Ericson Gang Song Sergei VDrovetski Takema Saitoh Fumin Lei Yanhua Qu Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryPO Box 50007SE-10405StockholmSweden Laboratories of Analytical Biology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20004USA U.S.Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research RefugeLaurelMD 20708USA Yamashina Institute for Ornithology AbikoChibaJapan Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

Environmentally heterogeneous mountains provide opportunities for rapid diversification and *** family Prunellidae(accentors)is a group of birds comprising primarily mountain specialists that have recently radiated across the Palearctic *** rapid diversification poses challenges to resolving their *** we sequenced the complete mitogenomes and estimated the phylogeny using all 12(including 28 individuals)currently recognized species of *** reconstructed the mitochondrial genome phylogeny using 13 protein-coding genes of 12 species and 2 Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus).Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using a suite of analyses:maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and the coalescent-based *** times were estimated by implementing a Bayesian relaxed clock model in *** on the BEAST time-calibrated tree,we implemented an ancestral area reconstruction using RASP *** phylogenies based on the maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and SVDquartets approaches support a clade of large-sized accentors(subgenus Laiscopus)to be sister to all other accentors with small size(subgenus Prunella).In addition,the trees also support the sister relationship of *** and ***+*** with 100%bootstrap support,but the relationships among the remaining eight species in the Prunella clade are poorly *** species cluster in different positions in the three phylogenetic trees and the nodes are often poorly *** five nodes separating the seven species diverged simultaneously within less than half million years(i.e.,between 2.71 and 3.15 million years ago),suggesting that the recent radiation is likely responsible for rampant incomplete lineage sorting and gene tree *** area reconstruction indicates a central Palearctic region origin for *** study highlights that whole mitochondrial genome phylogeny can resolve major lineages within Prun

关键词： Incomplete lineage sorting Mitochondrial genome Mountain specialists Radiation

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Physiological responses of needles of Pinus massoniana elite families to phosphorus stress in acid soil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 325-332页

作者： HE You-lan LIU Ai-qin Mulualem Tigabu WU Pengfei MA Xiang-qing WANG Chen per Christer Oden Forestry College Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Science Southern Swedish forest Research Centre

Pinus massoniana Lamb. is a major timber species widely planted in the South China, where the soil is acidic and deficient in phosphorus （P） due to fixation by aluminum and iron. Understanding the physiological responses to rhizospheric insoluble P is essential for enhancing plantation productivity. Thus, a sand culture experiment was conducted with four levels of P treatment （0, 5, 20 g insoluble P and 10 g soluble P）, and 11 P. massoniana elite families. Physiological responses were measured after two months of stress. Compared to the normal soluble P treatment, the insoluble P treatment significantly reduced the proline content and the APase activity in the needles, while it significantly increased the catalase activity by 1.3-fold and malondialdehyde content by 1.2-fold. Soluble protein content was unaffected by the treatments, but chlorophyll content was significantly lower in P-deprived treatment compared with soluble and insoluble P treatments. These physiological responses also exhibited highly significant variation among families （p 〈 0.01）. The findings suggest that increased catalase activities in the presence of insoluble P might be involved in the activation of an anti-oxidation defense mechanism that scavenges the reactive oxygen species elicited by the stress. And this response has a strong genetic control that can be exploited to identify desirable genotypes.

关键词： Masson pine phosphorus stress anti-oxidative system lipid peroxidation

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Linguistic Theory in the Framework of a Cognitive Semiotics: Language as Simulation and Linearization of Thought

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2015年第1期1卷 27-40页

作者： per Aage Brandt Case Western Reserve University

A cognitive version of semiotics has to reopen the discussion of how to understand language in general and the possibility of a theory of language. L. Hjelmslev and his current French semio-linguistic followers, inspired by the great pioneer of structural semantics A.-J. Greimas, anchor their inquiry exclusively in text and discourse. By contrast, cognitive linguistics from Langacker and Talmy to Croft and Evans anchors language in the embodied mind, but has no perspective on text and discourse other than claiming that culture in general shapes what is not shaped by mind and perception. In one frame(Hjelmslev-Greimas), language is everything, and in the other(Langacker-Croft), it is almost nothing(in itself). Could we instead conceive language as ‘something', as forming a substantial, structured, particular link between culture and the mind-brain, essential to both culture and mind-brain? Could we build a theoretical and analytical study of language in all forms, in order to describe it as a structured architecture of instances that connect culture and mind? In that case, we will have to revisit the models of both semio-linguistics and cognitive linguistics and examine the semiotic functions in language that allow the sharing of meaning to which other animals have no access, the sophisticated connection of communication and thinking that makes human culture possible. This paper shortly presents a few core suggestions concerning three involved issues: the linear wording of language(linearization); the role of syntax as a reconstruction of thought that simulates its composition; and the complex semiotic functions that connect its ‘immanent' core operations and its ‘transcendent' enunciational and pragmatic operations.

关键词： linearization semiosis semantics simulation syntactic integration stemmatics proto-concepts

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The World,Seen From Within(Ⅲ)On Mind and Matter,and the Founders of Rationalism

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第1期2卷 28-111页

作者： per Aage Brandt Case Western Reserve University USA

The aim of the following essay is to find a semantic core pattern, characterizing its ontology or metaphysics, in the form of thinking that emerged in the work of Descartes, spread and was modified through Spinoza and Leibniz, and became the panorama of science-oriented philosophies constituting the implicit or explicit underpinnings of contemporary thinking, research, and debate, especially in relation to the study of meaning and mind.

关键词： Rationalism Descartes’Meditations Spinoza’s Ethics Leibniz’Monadology existence God metaphysics of meaning

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From Mirrors to Deixis——Subjectivity, Biplanarity, and the Sign

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第4期 125-133页

作者： per Aage Brandt Case Western Reserve University

A much-discussed problem concerning the semiotic status of the mirror image opposes Umberto Eco and G?ran Sonesson. Since the mirror image is a case of biplanarity in Hjelmslev’s sense,(the "expression" is in the mirror, but the "content" is outside the mirror, there are thus two planes), therefore it is a sign(G.S.), but it still is not a sign(U.E.), because there is no signifying intention in the phenomenon. I claim that Eco must be right and argue that signs have deictic structure manifesting an enunciative semantic setting, whereas nonsigns do not, even if they are biplanary. This discussion leads to a new description of the semiotic function: all signs are deictic, and then have iconic and symbolic embedded structures within the enunciative frame.

关键词： deixis enunciation sign function mirrors biplanarity

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Mechanisms of endocrine resistance in breast cancer

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中华乳腺病杂志（电子版） 2012年第6期6卷 1-7页

作者： per E Lφnning Section of Oncology Institute of MedicineUniversity of Bergen Department of Oncology Haukeland University Hospital

The term 'therapy resistance',in many ways,is not a uniform ***,it is important to distinguish therapy failure from prognostication[1].While,on the one hand,the fact that a tumor recurrence means that some tumor cells... 详细信息

关键词：临床治疗乳腺疾病医学

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Deixis-a Semiotic Mystery: Enunciation and Reference

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第4期2卷 116-133页

作者： per Aage Brandt Case Western Reserve University

This note aims at clarifying the relation holding or not holding between deixis and indexicality, and then elaborating a new model based on the Danish semiotic enunciation theory that could also account for reference. The ‘mystery' in question is the mysterious fact that the intersubjective aspect of deixis has to constitute the referential anchoring of signified meaning in the extra-communicational world. The model proposed may lay the ground for a new understanding of signs as such.

关键词： deixis index enunciation reference common ground

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An Exceptional Generalization of the Poisson Distribution

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Open Journal of Statistics 2012年第3期2卷 313-318页

作者： per-Erik Hagmark Department of Mechanics and Design Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland

A new two-parameter count distribution is derived starting with probabilistic arguments around the gamma function and the digamma function. This model is a generalization of the Poisson model with a noteworthy assortment of qualities. For example, the mean is the main model parameter;any possible non-trivial variance or zero probability can be attained by changing the other model parameter;and all distributions are visually natural-shaped. Thus, exact modeling to any degree of over/under-dispersion or zero-inflation/deflation is possible.

关键词： Count Data Gamma Function Poisson Generalization Discretization Modeling Over/Under-Dispersion Zero-Inflation/Deflation

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What Is Culture?——A Grounding Question for Cognitive Semiotics

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2015年第2期1卷 40-60页

作者： per Aage Brandt Case Western Reserve University

This article first outlines the principle of a cognitive semiotics,and in this framework presents a sign classification taking into consideration the crucial importance of *** then offers a stratified interpretation of the Lotmanian concept of semiosphere,and continues with a study of the contradiction holding between cultural and socio-functional *** leads to an analysis of ethnic passions and ethnic identity,and finally to a new analysis of homo metonymicus,and the two underlying cognitive structures based on the genitive and the dative schemas,that orient the human imaginary,for better or for worse.

关键词： symbolicity iconicity deixis semiosphere ethnic passions metonymy genitive schema dative schema M.Mauss Y.Lotman R.Thom

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The World,Seen From Within(Ⅰ)On the Enminded Body:Spinoza,Descartes,and the Philosophy of Cognition

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第1期2卷 2-15页

作者： per Aage Brandt Case Western Reserve University USA

Ontologically, Baruch Spinoza and René Descartes take significantly different stands on truth, mind and meaning. In this respect, the latter can be regarded as the founder of modern epistemology, phenomenology, and scientific thinking. Nevertheless, Spinoza's mysticism and certain resounding Spinozist rejections of Cartesian rationalism can be found at the root of modern analytic philosophy and, even more surprisingly, in most basic assumptions of current cognitive science. The main issue of this "metaphysical" debate is the status of mind, consciousness, mental representations, truth, and meaning in general, and therefore the debate concerns the possibility of a cognitive semantics.

关键词： monism dualism Spinozism Cartesianism cognitive ontologies metaphysics of meaning

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