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MICROMeCHANICS OF THe DAMAGe-INDUCeD CeLLULAR MICROSTRUCTURe IN SINGLe CRYSTAL Ni-BASeD SUPeRALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(english Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 361-368页

作者： M.Sakaguchi M.okazaki Department of Mechanical engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Tomioka Nagaoka 1603-1JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Tomioka Nagaoka 1603-1Japan

An analytical method to investigate the morphological evolution of the cellular mi-crostructure is explored and proposed. The method is essentially based on the es-helby 's micromechanics theory, and it is extended so as to be applied for a material system containing inclusions with high volume fraction, by employing the average stress field approximation by Mori and Tanaka. The proposed method enables us to discuss a stable shape of precipitate in the material system, which must be influenced by many factors: e.g., volume fraction of precipitate; Young's modulus ratio and lattice misfit between matrix and precipitate; external stress field in multiaxial state; and heterogeneity of plastic strain between matrix and precipitate. A series of numerical calculations were summarized on stable shape maps. The application of the method to predict the γ' rafting in superalloys during creep showed that the heterogeneity of plastic strain between matrix and precipitates may play a significant role in the shape stability of the precipitate. Furthermore, it was shown that the method was successfully applied to estimate the morphology of the cellular microstructure formed in CMSX-4 single crystal Ni-based superalloy.

关键词： single crystal Ni-based superalloy cellular microstructure mi-cromechanics average field approximation stable shape of precipitate heterogeneity of plastic strain rafting

Is platinum-loaded titania the best material for dye-sensitized hydrogen evolution under visible light?

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第8期63卷 124-132页

作者： Haruka Yamamoto Langqiu Xiao Yugo Miseki Hiroto Ueki Megumi okazaki Kazuhiro Sayama Thomas e.Mallouk Kazuhiko Maeda Department of Chemistry School of ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-NE-2 OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania231 S.34th Street PhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Global Zero emission Research Center(GZR) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)West16-1OnogawaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8569Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)TsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan Research Center for Autonomous Systems Materialogy(ASMat) Tokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta-choMidori-kuYokohamaKanagawa 226-8501Japan

A dye-sensitized photocatalyst combining Pt-loaded TiO_(2) and Ru(Ⅱ)tris-diimine sensitizer(RuP)was constructed and its activity for photochemical hydrogen evolution was compared with that of Pt-intercalated HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10) *** the sacrificial donor ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(eDTA)disodium salt dihydrate was used,RuP/Pt/TiO_(2) showed higher activity than RuP/Pt/HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10).In contrast,when NaI(a reversible electron donor)was used,RuP/Pt/TiO_(2) showed little activity due to back electron transfer to the electron acceptor(I_(3)-),which was gener-ated as the oxidation product of I-.By modification with anionic polymers(sodium poly(styrenesulfonate)or sodium polymethacrylate)that could inhibit the scavenging of conduction band electrons by I_(3)-,the H_(2) production activity from aqueous NaI was improved,but it did not exceed that of RuP/Pt/HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10).Transient absorption measurements showed that the rate of semiconductor-to-dye back electron transfer was slower in the case of TiO_(2) than HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10),but the electron transfer reaction to I3-was much *** results indicate that Pt/TiO_(2) is useful for reactions with sacrificial reductants(e.g.,eDTA),where the back electron transfer reaction to the more reducible product can be ***,more careful design of the catalyst will be nec-essary when a reversible electron donor is employed.

关键词： Artificial photosynthesis Solar fuel Water splitting Z-scheme

effect of biliary obstruction and internal biliary drainage on hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2556-2560页

作者： Shintaro Fukushima Hiroyasu Okuno Nobuyuki Shibatani Yoshitsugu Nakahashi Toshihito Seki Kazuichi okazaki Third Department of Internal Medicine Kansai Medical University Moriguchi

AIM: To investigate the total cytochrome P450 (CYP) content, microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity, and expression of mRNAs for various CYP isozymes in a simple rat model of reversible obstructive jaundice. MeTHODS: Obstructive jaundice was created in male rats by causing bile duct obstruction with polyester tape. In another group of rats, bile duct obstruction was followed by internal biliary drainage after releasing the tape. The expression of various CYP isozyme mRNAs was semi-quantitatively assessed by competitive RT- PCR. ReSULTS: The total CYP content and microsomal MFO activity showed a significant decrease after biliary obstruction, but returned to respective control levels after biliary drainage. A marked reduction in the expression of CYP1A2, 2B1/2, 2C11, 2e1, 3A1, and 3A2 mRNA was detected during biliary obstruction, while expression increased significantly toward the control level after biliary drainage. Although expression of CYP4A1 mRNA showed no reduction during biliary obstruction, it still increased significantly after biliary drainage. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that not only obstructive jaundice, but also the subsequent internal biliary drainage may affect regulatory medications of the synthesis of individual CYP isozymes differently.

关键词： Biliary obstruction Obstructive jaundice Biliary drainage Mixed-function oxidase P450 isozymes

Influence of the period between onset of IgA nephropathy and medical intervention on renal prognosis

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Health 2011年第8期3卷 518-523页

作者： Keiko okazaki, Yusuke Suzuki Takashi Kobayashi Fumiko Kodama Satoshi Horikoshi Yasuhiko Tomino 不详

Background. The clinical course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is highly variable. In order to verify the necessity of early medical intervention in IgAN patients, the present study investigated the clinical impact of the duration between disease onset and first medical intervention on renal prognosis. Methods. We enrolled 57 patients diagnosed with IgAN on the basis of biopsy performed at our hospital. The medical records of these patients were traceable to the last 10 years, during which they had not undergone dialysis or treatment at any other hospital. On the basis of histological assessment of prognosis, these patients were classified according to the Japanese guidelines into the following groups: groups I, good prognosis;group II, relatively good prognosis;group III, relatively poor prognosis;and group IV, poor prognosis. We investigated the correlation between the duration of disease onset and the first consultation with a nephrologist and the rate of increase in serum creatinine over a 10 year period. In addition to the abovementioned patients, 6 patients with IgAN who underwent dialysis within the 10 years were separately evaluated. These patients came under the poor prognosis category;i.e., they belonged to group IV. Results. The duration between disease onset and medical consultation was significantly longer in younger patients or in those with asymptomatic proteinuria at onset when compared to that in older patients or in those with other urinary abnormalities. There was a significant correla tion between this duration and renal prognosis, particularly in group III patients. Although the duration between onset and consultation was not correlated to the serum creatinine level at the time of first medical intervention, urinary protein level among group IV patients at the time of first consultation was significantly higher in patients with dialysis than that in those without dialysis. Conclusions. early medical intervention may lead to a better renal prognosis,

关键词： IgA Nephropathy Medical Intervention Diagnosis Prognosis

Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 442-451页

作者： Miyako Kusano Atsushi Fukushima Naoko Fujita Yozo okazaki Makoto Kobayashi Naoko Fujita Oitome Kaworu ebana Kazuki Saito RIKeN Plant Science Center Tsurumi Yokohama 230-0045 Japan KIHARA Institute for Biological Research Yokohama City University Totsuka Yokohama 244-0813 Japan Department of Biological Production Akita Prefectural University Akita 010-0195 Japan National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences 2-1-2 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba 260-8675 Japan

The physiological properties of rice grains are immediately obvious to consumers. High-coverage metabolomic characterization of the rice diversity research set predicted a negative correlation between fatty acid and lipid levels and amylose/total starch ratio （amylose ratio）, but the reason for this is unclear. To obtain new insight into the relationships among the visual phenotypes of rice kernels, starch granule structures, amylose ratios, and metabolite changes, we investigated the metabolite changes of five Japonica cultivars with various amylose ratios and two knockout mutants （e 1, a Starch synthase Ilia （SSIIla）-deficient mutant and the SSIIla/starch branching enzyme （Be） double-knockout mutant 4019） by using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics techniques. Scanning electron microscopy clearly showed that the two mutants had unusual starch granule structures. The metabolomic compositions of two cultivars with high amylose ratios （Hoshiyutaka and Yumetoiro） exhibited similar patterns, while that of the double-knockout mutant, which has an extremely high amylose ratio, differed. Rice pedigree network analysis of the cultivars and the mutants provided insight into the association between metabolic-trait properties and their underlying genetic basis in rice breeding in Japan. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the Hoshiyutaka and Yumetoiro cultivars were Indica-like, yet they are classified as Japonica subpopulations. exploring metabolomic traits is a powerful way to follow rice genetic traces and breeding history.

关键词： starch quality traits amylose ratio metabolite profiling pedigree networks rice.

术前眼压水平可预测近视眼LASIK术后眼内压值测量偏低的程度

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 24-25页

作者： Chihara e. Takahashi H. okazaki K. 王永强 Sensho-kai eye Institute Minamiyama 50- 1 Iseda Uji Kyoto 611- 0043 Japan

Aims: To evaluate the statistical significance of the parameters that affect underestimation of intraocular pressure (IOP) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. Methods: In this prospective case series study, patient age, axial length, preoperative corneal curvature, preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), preoperative IOP, and ablation depth were studied to determine whether they affect the underestimation of IOP in the right eyes of 100 consecutive patients who underwent LASIK. Results: The preoperative IOP was the most important parameter for an amount of underestimated Goldmann applanation tonometric IOP (GAT) and non-contact tonometric IOP (ncIOP) at 1 month (r=0.654, P espectively)-and 3 months (r=0.637, Pespectively). Patient age was statistically significant for underestimating the GAT at 1 month, and both the ablation depth and CCT were statistically significant parameters for underestimating the ncIOP at 1 month and at 3 months by stepwise multiple regression analysis (F > 4.000). However, these parameters had small bivariate correlation coef-ficients, and were considered as minor parameters. Conclusion: Preoperative IOP is the most important parameter that affects an underestimation of IOP after LASIK for myopia. eyes with a higher true IOP have a larger underestimation of the IOP after LASIK for myopia. From these results, the importance of the modulus of elasticity on IOP measurements was discussed.

关键词：术前眼压 LASIK术眼内压切削深度中央角膜厚度眼轴长度切削厚度非接触眼压计角膜曲率多元回归分析

日本医科大学本科生科研培养计划对我国的启示

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西北医学教育 2011年第1期19卷 23-24页

作者：吴江陈吉华 Masayuki okazaki 第四军医大学口腔医院口腔修复教研室陕西西安710032 Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Hiroshima University

以笔者在日本广岛大学从事博士后研究期间所见所感为出发点,分别从日本医科大学本科生科研培养计划的确定、实施等方面介绍了日本医科大学本科生科研培养计划的特点。通过对比我国医科大学本科生的科研能力培养计划,提出了一些关于我国... 详细信息

以笔者在日本广岛大学从事博士后研究期间所见所感为出发点,分别从日本医科大学本科生科研培养计划的确定、实施等方面介绍了日本医科大学本科生科研培养计划的特点。通过对比我国医科大学本科生的科研能力培养计划,提出了一些关于我国医科大学本科生培养过程中加强科研能力培养的建议。

关键词：医科大学本科生科研培养计划

Traces of Defects in the electronic Structure of Porous Ni—Ti Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第4期29卷 344-348页

作者： O.M.Ozkendir e.Cengiz e.Tirasoglu Mehmet Kaya I.H.Karahan N.Orhan Tarsus Technical Faculty of education Mersin UniversityTarsusTurkey Institute for Molecular Science UVSOR FacilityOkazaki 444-8585Japan Science Faculty Department of PhysicsKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey Vocational School Adiyaman University.Adiyaman 02040Turkey Department of Mechanical engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of PhysicsMustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkey Faculty of Technology Department of Metallurgy and Material EngineeringFirat UniversityElazigTurkey

The electronic structures of Ni-Ti shape-memory alloy samples were investigated by X-ray absorption fine structure （XAFS） spectroscopy both experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental section, the samples were measured at low temperature to determine the persistent traces of both preheating process and atomic concentration effects on the crystal and electronic structure by X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANeS） spectroscopy. As a second step, the extended-X-ray absorption fine structure （eXAFS） calculations, which are based on different choices of one electron potentials according to Ti coordinations by using the real space multiple scattering method FeFF 8.2 code, were performed. The crystallographic and electronic structures of the porous Ni-Ti alloys were tested at various temperatures ranging from 5 to 1323 K.

关键词： electronic structure Porous Ni-Ti alloys Shape memory effect Transition metals

Reduction of Pt Usage in Fuel Cell electrocatalysts Using Carbon Nanotubes and Non-Pt Metals

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 668-669页

作者： J. Nakamura Y. Nagashima T.Yamazaki T.Matsumoto e. Yoo Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 JapanGraduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 JapanGraduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 JapanInstitute for Molecular Science Okazaki 444-8585JapanGraduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 Japan

The high-priced and limited Pt constitutes a high barrier to commercialization of fuel cells. Pt is essential for the electrode catalyst of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PeFCs). A reduction in Pt usage is one of the key requirements for the commercialization of fuel cells for use in everyday life, because of its high price and limited availability, and the difficulty of finding suitable substitutes. Non-Pt fuel cell catalysts will decrease the demand for Pt by PeFCs, enabling more Pt to be available for use in other essential products, and make fuel cells more popular[1]. The cheaper Mo2C is known to possess similar catalytic activities and electronic structures to Pt[2]. Carbon black (CB) is widely used as the support for Pt nanoparticles. However, we found that when carbon nanotubes (CNTs) rather than CB are used as the support, the performance is improved, especially below 600 mA/cm2[3,4]. Here, we show that a combination of Mo2C catalyst and carbon nanotubes in the anode provides performance as high as half that of the current PeFCs with Pt catalysts below 600mA/cm2.

关键词：燃料电池碳纳米管碳化物催化物电极