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Invasive ant learning is not affected by seven potential neuroactive chemicals

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 87-97页

作者： Henrique Galante Tomer j.Czaczkes Department of Zoology and evolutionary Biology Animal Comparative Economics LaboratoryUniversity of Regensburg93053 Regensburg Germany

Argentine ants Linepithema humile are one of the most damaging invasive alien species *** or disrupting cognitive abilities,such as learning,has the potential to improve management efforts,for example by increasing preference for a bait,or improving ants'ability to learn its characteristics or ***-feeding insects are often the victims of psychoactive manipulation,with plants lacing their nectar with secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and non-protein amino acids which often alter learning,foraging,or ***,the effect of neuroactive chemicals has seldomly been explored in ***,we test the effects of seven potential neuroactive chemicals-two alkaloids:caffeine and nicotine;two biogenic amines:dopamine and octopamine,and three nonprotein amino acids:β-alanine,GABA and taurineon the cognitive abilities of invasive *** using bifurcation *** results confirm that these ants are strong associative learners,requiring as little as one experience to develop an ***,we show no short-term effect of any of the chemicals tested on spatial learning,and in addition no effect of caffeine on short-term olfactory *** lack of effect is surprising,given the extensive reports of the tested chemicals affecting learning and foraging in *** mismatch could be due to the heavy bias towards bees in the literature,a positive result publicationbias,ordifferences inmethodology.

关键词： associativelearning caffeine memory neuroactivechemicals

Resistive field generation in intense proton beam interaction with solid targets

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第1期9卷 35-43页

作者： W.Q.Wang j.j.Honrubia Y.Yin X.H.Yang F.Q.Shao Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina eTSI Aeronáutica y del espacio Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Department of Nuclear Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina

The Brown-Preston-Singleton(BPS)stopping power model is added to our previously developed hybrid code to model ion beam-plasma *** simulations show that both resistive field and ion scattering effects are important for proton beam transport in a solid target,in which they compete with each *** the target is not completely ionized,the self-generated resistive field effect dominates over the ion scattering ***,when the target is completely ionized,this situation is ***,it is found that Ohmic heating is important for higher current densities and materials with high *** energy fraction deposited as Ohmic heating can be as high as 20%-30%.Typical ion divergences with half-angles of about 5°-10°will modify the proton energy deposition substantially and should be taken into account.

关键词： interaction beam intense

《耳鸣患者皮层和皮层下听觉区超高场MRI的研究》摘译

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听力学及言语疾病杂志 2024年第4期32卷 384-385页

作者：申丽君文之(摘译) 曹永茂(审校) Berlot e Arts R Smit j 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科武汉430060 武汉大学人民医院放射科

耳鸣研究的难点之一在于难以将耳鸣感知与其他合并症进行区分,例如听力损失和声音耐受性降低(DST)经常同时出现。在研究耳鸣动物模型时,区分起来尤其困难。对耳鸣患者研究时往往未能充分控制混杂因素。最近的研究表明,在仔细控制听力损... 详细信息

耳鸣研究的难点之一在于难以将耳鸣感知与其他合并症进行区分,例如听力损失和声音耐受性降低(DST)经常同时出现。在研究耳鸣动物模型时,区分起来尤其困难。对耳鸣患者研究时往往未能充分控制混杂因素。最近的研究表明,在仔细控制听力损失和DST后,耳鸣组和对照组之间先前存在的差异消失了。另一个难点是非侵入性测量技术的空间分辨率有限。为了检测诸如内侧膝状体(MGB)和下丘(IC)等皮层下听觉结构的频率响应特异性,需要高空间分辨率。由于这些结构仅为几立方毫米(例如内侧膝状体为4 mm×5 mm×4.5 mm),常规磁场(3T及以下)下的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)的空间分辨率为2 mm×2 mm×2 mm,无法检查这些微小结构中频率响应的特异性。7T的超高场(UHF)磁共振成像(MRI)提供的灵敏度有足够的分辨率显示微小的听觉皮层下结构的响应,便于详细描述其频率拓扑。本实验研究旨在UHF-MRI应用于耳鸣患者探索耳鸣的机制。

关键词：内侧膝状体立方毫米耳鸣患者混杂因素听力损失皮层下高空间分辨率动物模型

Applications of genetic code expansion technology in eukaryotes

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Protein & Cell 2024年第5期15卷 331-363页

作者： Qiao-ru Guo Yu j.Cao State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical GenomicsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518132China

Unnatural amino acids(UAAs)have gained significant attention in protein engineering and drug development owing to their ability to introduce new chemical functionalities to *** eukaryotes,genetic code expansion(GCe)enables the incorporation of UAAs and facilitates posttranscriptional modification(PTM),which is not feasible in prokaryotic *** is also a powerful tool for cell or animal imaging,the monitoring of protein interactions in target cells,drug development,and switch ***,there is keen interest in utilizing GCe in eukaryotic *** review provides an overview of the application of GCe in eukaryotic systems and discusses current challenges that need to be addressed.

关键词： genetic code expansion unnatural amino acid eukaryotes basic research therapeutic applications

Optimization and control of synchrotron emission in ultraintense laser–solid interactions using machine learning – CORRIGeNDUM

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2024年第1期12卷 116-116页

作者： j.Goodman M.King e.j.Dolier R.Wilson R.j.Gray P.McKenna 不详

Due to an isolated error in the 3D simulation parameters,the laser energy and intensity(calculated using the energy)values were incorrectly stated as 10.9 j and 3×10^(22) W cm^(−2),respectively,in Sections 3.3,7 and *** correct values are 39.8 j and 1.1×10^(23) W cm^(−2).Similarly,the values stated for the higher energy case,109 j and 3×10^(23) W cm^(−2) in Section 7,should be 398 j and 1.1×10^(24) W cm^(−2),respectively.

关键词： Bayesian optimization gamma rays laser-solid interactions machine learning radiation reaction

Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(english edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.Lee S.CHANG j.Lee Department of Automotive engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea School of Mechanical engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCe)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCe with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCe using full finite element analyses(FeAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCe) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

Surface engineering with ionic polymers on membranes for boron removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2024年第5期18卷 61-69页

作者： Xiting Zhang Chenyi Fang j Paul Chen Sui Zhang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Civil and environmental engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore College of Chemistry and environmental engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Removal of boric acid from seawater and wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane technologies is imperative and yet remains inadequately addressed by current commercial *** research efforts performed post-modification of reverse osmosis membranes to enhance boron rejection,which is usually accompanied by substantial sacrifice in water *** study delves into the surface engineering of low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes,aiming to elevate boron removal efficiency while maintaining optimal salt rejection and water *** were modified by the self-polymerization and co-deposition of dopamine and polystyrene sulfonate at varying ratios and *** surfaces became smoother and more hydrophilic after *** optimum membrane exhibited a water permeability of 9.2±0.1 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1),NaCl rejection of 95.8%±0.3%,and boron rejection of 49.7%±0.1% and 99.6%±0.3% at neutral and alkaline pH,*** water permeability is reduced by less than 15%,while the boron rejection is 3.7 times higher compared to the blank *** research provides a promising avenue for enhancing boron removal in reverse osmosis membranes and addressing water quality concerns in the desalination process.

关键词： membrane low-pressure reverse osmosis boron surface engineering

Proteins as nanomagnets and magnetoreceptors

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 831-832页

作者： P.j.Hore Department of Chemistry University of OxfordUK

It is an appealing notion that a protein molecule could act as a nanomagnet.A genetically encodable biomolecule with a permanent magnetic moment at room temperature could have a range of applications:a magnetogenetic actuator,a magnetic tag for purifying and immobilizing enzymes,a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging,and a basis for a biomimetic magnetic sensing device,to name just a few.A magnetic protein could perhaps also function as the sensor in the magnetic compass that enables small songbirds to navigate the huge distances between their breeding and wintering *** though such possibilities may be,how realistic are they?

关键词： magnetic magnets enable

evolution, divergence, and convergence in the mandibles of opossums (Didelphidae, Didelphimorphia)

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 488-504页

作者： Franciscodas Chagas Silva-Neto Silvia e.Pavan Diego Astua Laboratorio de Mastozoologia Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco.Av.Prof.Moraes Regos.n.Cidade Universitaria.50670-901RecifePEBrazil Department of Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic UniversityHumboldt1Harpst StreetArcataCA95521USA

Didelphid marsupials are considered a morphologically unspecialized group with a generalist diet that includes vertebrates,invertebrates,and plant *** cranium and scapula variation has alreadybeen examined within Didelphidae,variation inmandible shape,usually associated with diet or phylogeny in other mammalian groups,has not yet been properly assessed in the *** evaluated the variation in mandible shape and size of didelphids(2470 specimens belonging to 94 species)using 2D geometric *** classified the diet of the didel-phids into four broad categories to assess whether morphospace ordination relates to dietary *** also provided the most comprehensive phylogeny for the family(i23 out of the 126 living species)using 10 nuclear and mitochondrial *** then mapped mandible size and shape onto that phylogeny for 93 selected taxa and ancestral size and shapes were reconstructed by *** found phylogenetically structured variation in mandible morphology between didelphid groups,and our results indicate that they have a significant phylogenetic *** main axis of shape variation is poorly related to size,but the second is strongly allometric,indicating that allometry is not the main factor in shaping morphological diversity on their *** results indicate that the shape and size of the ancestral mandible of didelphids would be similar to that of the current species of the genus Marmosa.

关键词： mandible Didelphimorphia morphological evolution allometry phylogeny diet.