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Hierarchical Control Strate.y.for Load Regulation Based on Stackelberg Game Theory Considering Randomness

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CSee Journal of Power and energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 929-941页

作者： Tingyu jiang Ping Ju C.y.Chung yuzhong Gong College of energy and electrical engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of electrical engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong CF624China Department of electrical and Computer engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada CSee Ieee

Demand response has been recognized as a valuable functionality of power systems for mitigating power *** paper proposes a hierarchical control strate.y.among the distribution system operator(DSO),load aggregators(LAs),and thermostatically controlled loads(TCLs);the strate.y.includes a scheduling layer and an executive layer to provide load *** the scheduling layer,the DSO(leader)offers compensation price(CP)strategies,and the LAs(followers)respond to CP strategies with available regulation power(ARP)*** of the DSO and LAs are modeled according to their behaviors during the load regulation *** game is adopted to capture interactions among the players and leader and to obtain the optimal strate.y.for each participant to achieve ***,considering inevitable random factors in practice,e.g.,renewable generation and behavior of users,two different stochastic models based on sample average approximation(SAA)and parameter modification are formulated with improved scheduling *** the executive layer,distributed TCLs are triggered based on strategies determined in the scheduling layer.A self-triggering method that does not violate user privacy is presented,where TCLs receive external signals from the LA and independently determine whether to alter their operation *** simulations are performed on the modified Ieee-24 bus system to verify effectiveness of the proposed strate.y.

关键词： Demand response hierarchical control load regulation self-triggering method Stackelberg game

A novel method for modeling the phase change of iron ore particles in the cohesive zone of a blast furnace

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 252-261页

作者： Dianyu e.y.ngming Wen Jiayun Dan youyuan jiang Guangchao Wei Jiaxin Cui jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyNanchang330013China International Institute for Innovation Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyNanchang330013China Ironmaking Plant Xiangtan Iron and Steel Corporation of Hunan HualingXiangtan411101China Schoolof Transportation and Vehicle enginering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China

Cohesive zone plays a vital role in the stable operation of a blast furnace(BF),yet the complex phase change process of iron ore particles in this zone is still not well *** this study,a novel one-dimensional(1D)unsteady phase change model was developed to elucidate the heat transfer and melting mechanisms of iron ore *** model validation,the effects of several key operating parameters(e.g.,particle diameter,gas velocity,initial temperature)on the phase change behavior of iron ore particles were analyzed,and the joint effect of multiple parameters was *** results show that larger-sized iron ore particles possess lower specific surface areas,which in turn reduces their convective heat absorption ***,the distance from the solid-liquid phase interface to the particle surface increases,there.y.slowing down the movement of the phase interface and pro-longing the melting duration of the *** the gas velocity and the initial temperature does not have a significant impact on reducing the duration of the complete melting *** the specified conditions,it is observed that increasing the gas velocity by 3-fold and 9-fold results in a reduction of the melting duration by 2.4%and 8.3%,*** the initial temperature of iron ore particles results in a decrease in the core-to-surface temperature difference,a slower heating rate,and a shorter duration to achieve *** the factors affecting the melting process,the particle diameter is found to be the most significant in terms of the liquid phase precipitation,mushy zone thickness,and core-to-surface temperature difference of iron ore particles.

关键词： Blast furnace Iron ore melting Cohesive zone Heat transfer Phase change

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On B(5,20)2-Groups

Algebra Colloquium 2024年第3期31卷 429-440页

作者： e.A.Alhassan y.L.Tan y.Li School of Mathematical Sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212013China Department of Mathematics Brock UniversitySt.CatharinesOntario L2S 3A1Canada

A finite group G is said to be a B(n,k)group if for any n-element subset[a_(1),…,a_(n)]of G,|{a_(i)a_(j)|1≤i,j≤n}|≤*** is of interest to characterize the structure of B(n,k)groups for n(n+1)/2≤k≤n^(2)-*** B(5,k)groups for 15≤k≤19 have been investigated by several *** this paper,we give a complete characterization of B(5,20)2-groups by showing there are five classes of such groups which are nontrivial and nonabelian.

关键词： B(n,k)groups small squaring property central extension GAP

Co/CoO heterojunction rich in oxygen vacancies introduced by O2 plasma embedded in mesoporous walls of carbon nanoboxes covered with carbon nanotubes for rechargeable zinc-air battery

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Carbon energy 2024年第7期6卷 14-25页

作者： Leijun ye Weiheng Chen Zhong-Jie jiang Zhongqing jiang Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province Department of PhysicsZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Mechanical engineering Ningbo University of TechnologyNingboChina Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of energy Materials Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Surface Chemistry of Energy MaterialsCollege of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina

Herein,Co/CoO heterojunction nanoparticles(NPs)rich in oxygen vacancies embedded in mesoporous walls of nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanoboxes coupled with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(P-Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT)are well designed through zeolite-imidazole framework(ZIF-67)carbonization,chemical vapor deposition,and O_(2) plasma *** a result,the threedimensional NHCNBs coupled with NCNTs and unique heterojunction with rich oxygen vacancies reduce the charge transport resistance and accelerate the catalytic reaction rate of the P-Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT,and they display exceedingly good electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR,halfwave potential[eORR,1/2=0.855 V *** hydrogen electrode])and oxygen evolution reaction(OeR,overpotential(η_(OeR,10)=377mV@10mA cm^(−2)),which exceeds that of the commercial Pt/C+RuO_(2) and most of the formerly reported ***,both the aqueous and flexible foldable all-solid-state rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)assembled with the P-Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT catalyst reveal a large maximum power density and outstanding long-term cycling ***-principles density functional theory calculations show that the formation of heterojunctions and oxygen vacancies enhances conductivity,reduces reaction energy barriers,and accelerates reaction kinetics *** work opens up a new avenue for the facile construction of highly active,structurally stable,and cost-effective bifunctional catalysts for ZABs.

关键词： heterojunction oxygen evolution/reduction reaction oxygen vacancies rechargeable zinc–air battery three‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon nanoboxes

A newly unraveled 13.6-year oscillation from GPS displacements and its potential implications for the dynamic reference frame

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Science China earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3204-3212页

作者： Hao DING Weiping jiang School of Geode.y.and Geomatics Hubei Luojia LaboratoryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China GNSS Research Center Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Numerous practical geodetic and geophysical applications necessitate precise measurements of GNSS displacements at the millimeter or sub-millimeter level. To attain such precision, it is imperative to identify and analyze the unidentified decadal signals inherent in the GPS displacements. In this research, we employ the optimal sequence estimation method to effective.y.detect an about 13.6-year oscillational signal with an excited amplitude of 3.6±1.2 mm in the U-components of the GPS displacements. It is noteworthy that this signal demonstrates a consistent spatial pattern characterized by the spherical harmonic y_(2,-2). We conduct a comparative analysis with the 13.6-year oscillation observed in length-of-day variations(and geomagnetic records), finding that they are in reverse phase. After eliminating the earth's external excitation sources through the utilization of two distinct in-situ hydrological records, we suggest that the 13.6-year GPS signal may come from the internal motions within the earth. However, the specific excitation source and the detailed physical mechanism remain uncertain. Additionally, we develop a mathematical displacement model to explain the 13.6-year signal. Our findings indicate that this signal can result in displacements of up to 1.37 mm and velocity effects of 0.63 mm/yr(for U-component) at maximum. These results underscore the necessity of incorporating this 13.6-year signal into the construction and maintenance of a dynamic reference frame at the millimeter level.

关键词： GPS displacements Decadal changes 13.6-year oscillation Displacement model Dynamic reference frame

Game Theory based Optimal Defensive Resources Allocation with Incomplete Information in Cyber-physical Power Systems against False Data Injection Attacks

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第2期9卷 115-127页

作者： Bingjing yan Zhenze jiang Pengchao yao Qiang yang Wei Li Albert y.Zomaya College of electrical engineering Zhejiang University College of Control Science and engineering Zhejiang University College of electrical engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Information Technologies at The University of Sydney School of Information Technologies

Modern power grid is fast emerging as a complex cyber-physical power system(CPPS)integrating physical current-carrying components and processes with cyber-embedded computing,which faces increasing cy-berspace security threats and *** this paper,the state(i.e.,voltage)offsets resulting from false data injection(FDI)attacks and the bus safe.y.characterization are applied to quantify the attack *** state offsets are obtained by the state estimation method,and the bus safe.y.characterization considers the power net-work topology as well as the vulnerability and connection relationship of *** the indeterminacy of attacker’s resource consumption and reward,a zero-sum game-theoretical model from the defender’s perspective with incomplete information is explored for the optimal allocation of limited defensive *** attacker aims to falsify measurements without triggering threshold alarms to break through the protection,leading to load shedding,over-voltage or *** defender attempts to ensure the estimation results to be as close to the actual states as possible,and guarantee the system’s safe.y.and efficient defensive resource *** proposed solution is extensive.y.evaluated through simu-lations using the Ieee 33-bus test network and real-time digital simulator(RTDS)based testbed experiments of the Ieee 14-bus *** results demonstrate the effec-tiveness of the proposed game-theoretical approach for optimal defensive resource allocation in CPPS when lim-ited resources are available when under FDI *** Terms—Optimal strate.y.game theory,Nash equilibrium,CPPS,FDI attack.

关键词： Optimal strategy game theory Nash equilibrium CPPS FDI attack

Sounding the alarm:Functionally referential signaling in Azure-winged Magpie

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 35-41页

作者： Xingyi jiang yanyun Zhang Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and ecological engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Functionally referential signals are a complex form of communication that conveys information about the external *** signals have been found in a range of mammal and bird species and have helped us understand the complexities of animal *** are well known for their extraordinary cognitive abilities,but relative.y.little attention has been paid to their vocal ***,we investigated the functionally referential signals of a cooperative.y.breeding corvid species,Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).Through field observations,we suggest that Azure-winged Magpie uses referential alarm calls to distinguish two types of threats:’rasp’ calls for terrestrial threats and ’chatter’ calls for aerial threats.A playback experiment revealed that Azure-winged Magpies responded to the two call types with qualitative.y.different *** sought cover by flying into the bushes in response to the ’chatter’ calls,and flew to or stayed at higher positions in response to ’rasp’ calls,displaying a shorter response time to ’chatter’ *** differences in acoustic structure were found between the two types of *** the extensive cognitive abilities of corvids and the fact that referential signals were once thought to be unique to primates,these findings are important for expanding our understanding of social communication and language evolution.

关键词： Alarm call Animal communication Azure-winged Magpie Referential signal

Assembly of peptide nanostructures with controllable sizes

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 151-161页

作者： Dan Cheng Fan Jia yun-Bao jiang Vincent P.Conticello Tao jiang The MOe Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKeM) Xiamen 361005China Department of Chemistry Emory UniversityAtlanta 30033USA

Controlled peptide assembly offers significant promise to develop synthetic supramolecular nanostructures to display material and biological properties that mimic protein assemblies in *** the progress in forming peptide nanostructures of various morphology,there exists a distinct gap between natural and synthetic assembly systems in terms of size *** nanostructures with a narrow size distribution that can be tuned over a wide range of length-scales is essential for applications that require precise spacing between *** approach provides the opportunity to correlate materials and biological properties of interest with assembly *** this review,we discuss representative endeavors over the past two decades for design of size-controllable peptide nanostructures using tunable building *** mechanisms for size control,e.g.,molecular frustration,template-directed peptide assembly,and multi-component peptide co-assembly,will also be *** also demonstrate the applicable scopes of these strategies and suggest potential future avenues for scientific advances in this field.

关键词： peptide assembly controllable size template multi-component

Hole-Selective Contact with Molecularly Tailorable Reactivity for Passivating High-Performing Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1654-1661页

作者： Wenlin jiang yingie Hu Fengzhu Li Francis R.Lin Alex K-y.Jen Department of Materials Science and engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Hong Kong Institute for Clean energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077

The precise.y.customizable attributes of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)molecules at the atomic level hold the potential to facilitate efficient hole selection and interface passivation ***,the correlation between the exposure of passivating groups on the surface and device performance remains ***,we introduce two newly designed SAM molecules,Cbz2S and Cbz2SMe,incorporating cyclic disulfide or two flanking thiomethyls by modifying the 4,5-position of carbazole to adjust the Lewis basicity of the SAM-modified *** possessing suitable energetic alignment,Cbz2S with more-exposed sulfur atoms exhibited inferior device performance due to excessive reactivity,leading to an overpopulation of PbI2 crystallites at the buried perovskite *** contrast,the screening effect from the methyl groups of Cbz2SMe optimized SAM reactivity,exquisite.y.integrating buried interface passivation and hole selection ***,the champion inverted perovskite solar cell(PSC)employing Cbz2SMe achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.42%,accompanied by prolonged *** work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating Lewis-basic passivation groups into SAM molecules and elucidates the relationship between the reactivity of SAM passivation groups and device *** findings provide valuable insights for the design of novel multifunctional SAM molecules,further advancing the performance of PSCs.

关键词： self-assembled monolayer perovskite solar cell hole-selective layer carbazole derivatives defect passivation