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experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial light modulator

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Chinese Optics letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 María del Mar Sánchez-lópez Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction *** design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by *** compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase *** also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase ***,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic *** all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial light modulators

Chasing Sequencing Perfection: Marching Toward Higher Accuracy and lower Costs

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GeNOMICS PROTeOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2024年第2期22卷 qzae024页

作者： Jia, Hangxing Tan, Shengjun Zhang, Yong e. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool CAS Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects & Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci CAS Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet Kunming 650223 Peoples R China

Next-generation sequencing (NGS), represented by Illumina platforms, has been an essential cornerstone of basic and applied research. However, the sequencing error rate of 1 per 1000 base pairs (10-3) represents a serious hurdle for research areas focusing on rare mutations, such as somatic mosaicism or microbe heterogeneity. By examining the high-fidelity sequencing methods developed in the past decade, we summarized three major factors underlying errors and the corresponding 12 strategies mitigating these errors. we then proposed a novel framework to classify 11 preexisting representative methods according to the corresponding combinatory strategies and identified 3 trends that emerged during methodological developments. we further extended this analysis to 8 long-read sequencing methods, emphasizing error reduction strategies. Finally, we suggest 2 promising future directions that could achieve comparable or even higher accuracy with lower costs in both NGS and long-read sequencing.

关键词： Sequencing error High-fidelity sequencing Consensus sequencing Single-molecule sequencing Rare mutation RARe MUTATIONS PARAllel QUANTIFICATION eRRORS DAMAGe

exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey l.egan Tina l.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.latchman lauren V.Terry emma D.Mclennan Carolina Chavez emma l.Burrows John w.Scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia la Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of life and environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

In vivo astrocyte reprogramming following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 487-488页

作者： Yannick N.Gerber Florence e.Perrin MMDN University of MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance

Harmful and helpful roles of astrocytes in spinal cord injury(SCI):SCI induce gradable sensory,motor and autonomic impairments that correlate with the lesion severity and the rostro-caudal location of the injury *** absence of spontaneous axonal regeneration after injury results from neuron-intrinsic and neuron-extrinsic ***,not only adult neurons display limited capability to regrow axons but also the injury environment contains inhibitors to axonal regeneration and a lack of growth-promoting *** other cell populations that respond to the lesion,reactive astrocytes were first considered as only detrimental to spontaneous axonal ***,astrocytes.

关键词： injury impairment programming

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of e4 gene promotes maturation in soybean

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 170-176页

作者： wu S. Chen l. Guo M. Cai Y. Gao Y. Yuan S. Sun S. Zhang Y. Hou w. Han T. College of Agriculture Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Daqing 163316 China Ministry of Agriculture Key laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing) Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China State Key laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co. Ltd Beijing 100081 China

Soybean is a broadly popular and extensively cultivated crop, however, many high-yield and high-quality varieties require specific growth conditions, restricting their widespread adoption. The appropriate light conditions and photoperiod must be attained for these varieties to thrive in new environments. In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to design two sgRNAs aimed at knocking out the maturity-related gene e4 in a major American soybean variety called ''Jack'', which belongs to maturity group MGII. e4 gene is primarily involved in the photoperiodic flowering and maturity in soybean, making it an ideal candidate for genetic manipulation. we successfully obtained 1 homozygous e4-SG1 mutant type with 1-bp insertion, and 4 homozygous e4-SG2 mutants type with 2-bp deletion, 7-bp deletion, 61-bp deletion, and 1-bp insertion, respectively. The homozygous e4 mutant plants contained early termination codons devoid of transgenic elements. Additionally, no potential off-target sites of the e4 gene were detected. A comparative analysis revealed that, unlike the wild-type, the maturity time of homozygous e4 mutants was early under both short-day and long-day conditions. These mutants offer novel germplasm resources that may be used to modify the photoperiod sensitivity and maturity of soybean, enhancing its adaptability to high-latitude regions. © 2024 the Oil Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 e4 Maturity Soybean

Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 954-965页

作者： Yimeng Chen Manuel legrée Jean-louis Bobet Alexander Kvit CAMeCA Instruments Inc MadisonWI 53711USA ICMCB Universitéde BordeauxPessacCEDEX 33608France NIAC&Materials Science Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

The long-period-stacking-ordered(lPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg *** current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STeM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of lPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal *** on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase lPSO+α-Mg structure in which the lPSO phase contains defects,hybrid lPSO structure,and Mg ***-STeM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric lPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) *** addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of lPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding *** results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of lPSO-Mg alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys long-range ordering Atom probe tomography(APT) STeM HAADF Hydrolysis properties.

The multi-impurity system in CdSe nanoplatelets:electronic structure and thermodynamic properties

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 165-173页

作者： D A Baghdasaryan V A Harutynyan e M Kazaryan H A Sarkisyan Russian-Armenian University H Emin 1230051YerevanArmenia Institute of Applied Problems of Physics 25 Nersisyan St0014YerevanArmenia

This paper theoretically studies the impurity states and the effects of impurity concentration and configuration on the optical,electrical,and statistical properties of CdSe nanoplatelets(NPls).An image charge-based model of electron-impurity interaction is *** charge-carrier energy spectra and corresponding wave functions depending on the impurity number and configuration are *** electron binding energies are calculated for different NPl *** is shown that the image charge-based interaction potential that arises due to the dielectric constants mismatch is much stronger than the interaction potential that does not take such a mismatch into ***,it is demonstrated that the binding energies are increasing with the number of *** calculate the canonical partition function using the energy levels of the electron,which in turn is used to obtain the mean energy,heat capacity,and entropy of the non-interacting electron *** thermodynamic properties of the non-interacting electron gas that depend on the geometric parameters of the NPl,impurity number,configuration,and temperature are studied.

关键词： nanoplateletes thermodynamic properties impurity states

Reversed charge transfer induced by nickel in Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)C@nitrogen-doped carbon nanobox for promoted reversible oxygen electrocatalysis

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 202-212,I0005页

作者： Zhicheng Nie lei Zhang Qiliang Zhu Zhifan Ke Yingtang Zhou Thomas wågberg Guangzhi Hu School of Materials Science and engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001AnhuiChina Institute for ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504YunnanChina National engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture Marine Science and Technology CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316004ZhejiangChina Department of Physics UmeåUniversityUmeåS-90187Sweden

The interaction between metal and support is critical in oxygen catalysis as it governs the charge transfer between these two entities,influences the electronic structures of the supported metal,affects the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates,and ultimately impacts the catalytic *** this study,we discovered a unique charge transfer reversal phenomenon in a metal/carbon nanohybrid ***,electrons were transferred from the metal-based species to N-doped carbon,while the carbon support reciprocally donated electrons to the metal domain upon the introduction of *** led to the exceptional electrocatalytic performances of the resulting Ni-Fe/Mo_(2)C@nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst,with a half-wave potential of 0.91 V towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and a low overpotential of 290 m V at 10 mA cm^(-2)towards oxygen evolution reaction(OeR)under alkaline ***,the Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)C@carbon heterojunction catalyst demonstrated high specific capacity(794 mA h g_(Zn)~(-1))and excellent cycling stability(200 h)in a Zn-air *** calculations revealed that Mo_(2)C effectively inhibited charge transfer from Fe to the support,while secondary doping of Ni induced a charge transfer reversal,resulting in electron accumulation in the Fe-Ni alloy *** local electronic structure modulation significantly reduced energy barriers in the oxygen catalysis process,enhancing the catalytic efficiency of both ORR and ***,our findings underscore the potential of manipulating charge transfer reversal between the metal and support as a promising strategy for developing highly-active and durable bi-functional oxygen electrodes.

关键词： Metal-support interaction Charge transfer reversal Oxygen reduction reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Zinc-air battery

A comprehensive review on the processing-property relationships of laser strengthened magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 1-34页

作者： Alessandro M.Ralls Aaksheta Agnel Pradeep l.Menezes Department of Mechanical engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557United States

Among the existing series of softer metals,magnesium(Mg)has attracted much attention due to its impressive strength-to-weight ***,due to its ease of deformability,Mg tends to suffer from rapid degradation in a wide variety of abrasive and electrochemical *** method of improving its surface properties is through surface modification *** the existing techniques,laser shock peening(lSP)has been one of the most widely utilized processes due to its surface-hardening-like *** this understanding,a comprehensive review has yet to exist that encapsulates the strengthening mechanism of lSP for Mg and its influence in degradation *** review aims to encapsulate the existing research around the lSP field for ***,an understanding of the surface-strengthening effects in relation to its mechanical,tribological,corrosion,and tribo-corrosion characteristics is ***,the feasibility of lSP for Mg materials in critical industries is also *** this work,a novel understanding of lSP for Mg can be understood,which can provide a future direction for research in this field.

关键词： laser shock peening Magnesium Surface deformation Tribology Microstructure