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Pitfalls and promises of bile duct alternatives:There is plenty of room in the regenerative surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第30期29卷 4701-4705页

作者： Ilya D Klabukov Denis S Baranovskii Peter v Shegay Andrey D Kaprin Department of Regenerative Medicine National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationObninsk 249036Russia Center for Innovative Radiological and Regenerative Technologies National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationObninsk 249036Russia

Current abdominal surgery has several approaches for biliary ***,the creation of functional and clinically applicable bile duct substitutes still represents an unmet *** the paper by Miyazawa and colleagues,approaches to the creation of bile duct alternatives were summarized,and the reasons for the lack of development in this area were *** history of bile duct surgery since the nineteenth century was also traced,leading to the conclusion that the use of bioabsorbable materials holds promise for the creation of bile duct substitutes in the *** suggest three ideas that may stimulate progress in the field of bile duct substitute ***,a systematic analysis of the causative factors leading to failure or success in the creation of bile duct substitutes may help to develop more effective ***,the regeneration of a bile duct is delicately balanced between epithelialization and subsequent submucosal maturation within limited time frames,which may be more apparent when using quantitative models to estimate ***,the utilization of the organism’s endogenous regeneration abilities may enhance the creation of bile duct *** are convinced that an interdisciplinary approach,including quantitative methods,machine learning,and deep retrospective analysis of the causes that led to success and failure in studies on the creation of bile duct substitutes,holds great ***,more attention should be directed towards the balance of epithelialization and submucosal maturation rates,as well as induced *** ideas deserve further investigation to pave the way for bile duct restoration with physiologically relevant outcomes.

关键词： Bile duct alternative Bile duct substitute Regenerative medicine Regene rative surgery Theoretical surgery Quantitative human physiology

Multifocal photoacoustic microscopy using a single-element ultrasonic transducer through an ergodic relay

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 717-723页

作者： Yang Li Terence T.W.Wong Junhui Shi Hsun-Chia Hsu Lihong v.Wang Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 East California BoulevardPasadenaCA 91125USA Department of Biomedical engineering Washington University in St.LouisCampus Box 1097One Brookings DriveSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM)has demonstrated high-spatial-resolution imaging of optical absorption in biological *** date,most OR-PAM systems rely on mechanical scanning with confocally aligned optical excitation and ultrasonic detection,limiting the wide-field imaging speed of these *** several multifocal OR-PA(MFOR-PA)systems have attempted to address this limitation,they are hindered by the complex design in a constrained physical ***,we present a two-dimensional(2D)MFOR-PAM system that utilizes a 2D microlens array and an acoustic ergodic *** a single-element ultrasonic transducer,this system can detect PA signals generated from 400 optical foci in parallel and then raster scan the optical foci patterns to form an MFOR-PAM *** system improves the imaging resolution of an acoustic ergodic relay system from 220 to 13μm and enables 400-folds shorter scanning time than that of a conventional OR-PAM system at the same resolution and laser repetition *** demonstrated the imaging ability of the system with both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

关键词： element resolution utilize

Identifying the occurrence time of an impending major earthquake:a review

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earthquake Science 2017年第4期30卷 209-218页

作者： Panayiotis A.varotsos Nicholas v.Sarlis efthimios S.Skordas Department of Physics Section of Solid State Physics and Solid Earth Physics InstituteNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisZografos157 84 AthensGreece

The procedure through which the occurrence time of an impending major earthquake can be determined is reviewed in the light of the recent advances. This can be achieved by analyzing in natural time the seismicity in the candidate area. To apply this general procedure, we need two important elements： first, to know when we should start the analysis, i.e., set the natural time equal to zero. This is the time at which the system enters the critical stage. Second a reliable estimation of the candidate epicentral area. If geoelectrical measurements are taken and the vAN method （after the initials of the three researchers varotsos, Alexopoulos and Nomicos）is applied, both these elements become available upon the recording of a precursory Seismic electric Signals （SeS） activity, because its initiation marks the time when the system enters the critical stage, and in addition the SeS data enable the determination of the epicentral area of the impending mainshock. On the other hand, if geoelectrical data are lacking, we make use of the following two recent findings by means of natural time analysis： First, the fluctuations of the order parameter of seismicity in a large area exhibit a minimum a few months before a major earthquake almost simultaneously with the initiation of an SeS activity. Second, a spatiotemporal study of this minimum unveils an estimate of the epicentral area of the impending major earthquake. Two examples are given that refer to the strongest earthquakes that occurred in Greece and Japan during the last 3 decades, i.e., the Mw6.9 earthquake in southwestern Greece on 14 February 2008 and the Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan on 11 March 2011.

关键词： Seismic electric Signals vAN method Natural time analysis earthquake prediction

Nonsmooth Optimization Algorithms in Some Problems of Fracture Dynamics

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Intelligent Information Management 2010年第11期2卷 637-646页

作者： v. v. Zozulya 不详

Mathematical statement of elastodynamic contact problem for cracked body with considering unilateral restrictions and friction of the crack faces is done in classical and weak forms. Different variational formulations of unilateral contact problems with friction based on boundary variational principle are considered. Nonsmooth optimization algorithms of Udzawa’s type for solution of unilateral contact problem with friction have been developed. Convergence of the proposed algorithms has been studied numerically.

关键词： Unilateral Contact Friction Crack variational Principles Boundary variational Functional Nonsmooth Optimization Algorithm

Soil and land resources for agricultural production:General trends and future scenarios-A worldwide perspective

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第3期1卷 1-14页

作者： Winfried e.H.Blum Institute of Soil Research Department of Forest and Soil SciencesLniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences(BOKL)ViennaAustria

Based on the global distribution of land and soil quality and the world population,future trends in the agricultural use of land and soil resources are described,which will severely compromise future global food and fiber production through the increase and the spatial changes of world population,through the loss of fertile land caused by insufficient soil management and through urbanisation and industrialization Moreover,future changes in life style and the increasing demand for food and bioenergy,trough changes in world economy,through climate change and a worldwide decrease in fresh water supply,sustainable land use for the production of food and fiber will be under *** 2050 global food production must be doubled for satisfying global *** scenarios should help to preview future changes,to counterbalance and to mitigate possible negative impacts,thus sustaining global food security.

关键词： Global distribution of land and soil quality Future trends in the use of land resources Food and fiber production Food security

WJH 6^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(2): Hepatocellular carcinoma Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第11期6卷 776-782页

作者： René e Ashworth Jennifer Wu Hematology and Medical Oncology Pro-gram NYU School of Medicine Perlmutter Cancer Center NYU Langone Medical Center Division of Hematology and Oncology NYU School of Medicine Subdivision of GI Oncology Perlmutter Cancer Center NYU Langone Medical Center Division of Hematology and Oncology

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is associated with a poor prognosis and has limited treatment options. Sorafenib, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, is the only available systemic agent for treatment of HCC that improves overall survival for patients with advanced stage disease; unfortunately, an effective second-line agent for the treatment of progressive or sorafenib-resistant HCC has yet to be identified. This review focuses on components of the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway, its role in HCC pathogenesis, and dual mTOR inhibition as a therapeutic option with potential efficacy in advanced HCC. There are several important upstream and downstream signals in the mTOR pathway, and alternative tumor-promoting pathways are known to exist beyond mTORC1 inhibition in HCC. This review analyzes the relationships of the upstream and downstream regulators of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling; it also provides a comprehensive global picture of the interaction between mTORC1 and mTORC2 which demonstrates the pre-clinical relevance of the mTOR pathway in HCC pathogenesis and progression. Finally, it provides scientific rationale for dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition in the treatment of HCC. Clinical trials utilizing mTORC1 inhibitors and dual mTOR inhibitors in HCC are discussed as well. The mTOR pathway is comprised of two main components, mTORC1 and mTORC2; each has a unique role in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. In phase Ⅲ studies, mTORC1 inhibitors demonstrate anti-tumor ac-tivity in advanced HCC, but dual mTOR(mTORC1 and mTORC2) inhibition has greater therapeutic potential in HCC treatment which warrants further clinical investigation.

关键词： Mammalian target of rapamycin hepato-cellular carcinoma Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway Sorafenib everoli-mus Sirolimus Liver transplantation CC-223

ecological Board for Groundwaters of the Irrigated Grounds

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 25-25页

作者： Mavlyanov Gani Narimonovich v.G.Hodjaev e.N.Mavlyanov Mavlyanov Nariman Ganievich 64 N.Hodjibaev str.

The agricultural production on the irrigated grounds can not carry on without mineral fertilizers,pesticides and *** it is shown in Uzbekistan, in cultivation of *** is an increase in mineralization,rigidity,quantity of heavy metals,phenols and other pollutions in the cotton *** there is an exhaustion of stocks of fresh underground *** the year 2003 we were offered to create

关键词： pollution groundwater pesticides herbicides ecological board

Three new records of Cortinarius(Cortinariaceae)for the Turkish Mycota from Trabzon,Turkey

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 517-525页

作者： Sesli e ÖrtücüS Trabzon University Fatih Faculty of EducationMathematics and Science EducationDepartment of BiologyTrabzonTurkey erzurum Technical University High Technology Research and Application CentreErzurumTurkey

Basidiomata of Cortinarius were collected during the field studies in 2019 and identified based on both morphological and molecular *** Cortinarius species *** cadi-aguirrei,*** and *** are recorded for the first time... 详细信息

关键词： Agaricales Basidiomycota ITS identification taxonomy

Capecitabine for locally advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第8期2卷 311-321页

作者： Georgios v Koukourakis Georgios Zacharias John Tsalafoutas Dimitrios Theodoridis vassilios Kouloulias Department of Radiation Oncology Anticancer Institute of Athens "Saint Savvas" Section of Intensive Therapy General Hospital of Corinth Department of Radiation Physics Anticancer Institute of Athens "Saint Savvas" Department of Laboratory Medicine "Saint Olga" General Hospital of Athens Section of Radiation Oncology University Hospital of Athens "ATTIKON"

Capecitabine (Xeloda) is an oral fluoropyrimidine which is produced as a pro-drug of fluorouracil, and shows improved tolerability and intratumor drug concentrations following its tumor-specif ic conversion to the active drug. We have searched the Pubmed and Cochrane databases from 1980 to 2009 with the purpose of reviewing all available information on Capecitabine, focusing on its clinical effectiveness against colorectal cancer. Special attention has been paid to trials that compared Capecitabine with standard folinic acid (leucovorin, Lv)-modulated intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) bolus regimens in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Moreover the efficacy of Capecitabine on metastatic colorectal cancer, either alone or in various combinations with other active drugs such as Irinotecan and Oxaliplatin was also assessed. Finally, neoadjuvant therapy con- sisting of Capecitabine plus radiation therapy, for locally advanced rectal cancer was analysed. This combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has a special role in tumor down staging and in sphincter preservation for lower rectal tumors. Comparative trials have shown that Capecitabine is at least equivalent to the standard Lv-5-FU combination in relation to progression-free and overall survival whilst showing a better tolerability prof ile with a much lower incidence of stomatitis. It is now known that Capecitabine can be combined with other active drugs such as Irinotecan and Oxaliplatin. The combination of Oxaliplatin with Capecitabine represents a new standard of care for metastatic colorectal cancer. Combinating the Capecitabine-Oxaliplatin regimen with promising new biological drugs such as Bevacizumab seems to give a realistic prospect of further improvement in time to progression of metastatic disease. Moreover, preoperative chemo-radiation using oral capecitabine is better tolerated than bolus 5-FU and is more effective in the promotion of both down-staging and sphincter preservation in patie

关键词： Chemo-radiotherapy Colorectal cancer Capecitabine Oxaliplatin Xeloda