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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： e.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura T.Zh.esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong T.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.Yan T.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov T.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov eLI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan HB11 energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine ISTeQ AR YerevanArmenia

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity,sleep duration,and risk of all-cause mortality:A prospective cohort study of 282,473 ***

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 65-72页

作者： Mitch J.Duncan Stina Oftedal Christopher e Kline Ronald C.Plotnikoff elizabeth G.Holliday School of Medicine&Public Health College of HealthMedicineand WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Department of Health&Human Development The University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA School of education University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:To examine the joint associations between meeting guidelines for physical activity(PA)and sleep duration and all-cause mortality risk among ***:Participants were adults(n=282,473)aged 18-84 years who participated in the 2004-2014 *** Health Interview *** status was ascertained using the National Death Index through December ***-reported PA(Active:meeting both aerobic(AeR)and muscle-strengthening(MSA)guidelines,AeR only(AeR),MSA only(MSA),or not meeting either AeR or MSA(Inactive))and sleep duration(Short,recommended(Rec),or Long)were classified according to guidelines,and 12 PA-sleep categories were *** hazard ratios and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for all-cause mortality risk were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression ***:A total of 282,473 participants(55%females)were included;18,793 deaths(6.7%)occurred over an average follow-up of 5.4 *** to the Active-Rec group,all other PA-sleep groups were associated with increased mortality risk except for the Active-Short group(hazard ratio=1.08;95%CI:0.92-1.26).The combination of long sleep with either MSA or Inactive appeared to be *** a given sleep duration,mortality risk progressively increased among participants classified as AeR,MSA,and *** each activity level,the mortality risk was greatest among adults with long ***:Relative to adults meeting guidelines for both PA and sleep duration,adults who failed to meet guidelines for both AeR and muscle strengthening PA and who also failed to meet sleep duration guidelines had elevated all-cause mortality *** results support interventions targeting both PA and sleep duration to reduce mortality risk.

关键词： Activity-sleep patterns All-cause mortality Prospective Resistance training

Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA Mutants Implicate GAUT Genes in the Biosynthesis of Pectin and Xylan in Cell Walls and Seed Testa

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1000-1014页

作者： Kerry H. Caffall Sivakumar Pattathil Sarah e. Phillips Michael G. Hahn Debra Mohnen Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Complex Carbohydrate Research Center BioEnergy Science Center 315 Riverbend Road University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Galacturonosyltransferase 1 （GAUT1） is an α1,4-D-galacturonosyltransferase that transfers galacturonic acid from uridine 5＇-diphosphogalacturonic acid onto the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan （Sterling et al., 2006）. The 25-member Arabidopsis thaliana GAUT1-related gene family encodes 15 GAUT and 10 GAUT-like （GATL） proteins with, respectively, 56-84 and 42-53% amino acid sequence similarity to GAUT1. Previous phylogenetic analyses of AtGAUTs indicated three clades： A through C. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of the Arabidopsis, poplar and rice GAUT families has sub-classified the GAUTs into seven clades： clade A-1 （GAUTs 1 to 3）; A-2 （GAUT4）; A-3 （GAUTs 5 and 6）; A-4 （GAUT7）; B-1 （GAUTs 8 and 9）; B-2 （GAUTs 10 and 11）; and clade C （GAUTs 12 to 15）. The Arabidopsis GAUTs have a distribution comparable to the poplar orthologs, with the exception of GAUT2, which is absent in poplar. Rice, however, has no orthologs of GAUTs 2 and 12 and has multiple apparent orthologs of GAUTs 1, 4, and 7 compared with eitherArabidopsis or poplar. The cell wall glycosyl residue compositions of 26 homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants for 13 of 15 Arabidopsis GAUTgenes reveal significantly and reproducibly different cell walls in specific tissues of gaut mutants 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 from that of wild-type Arabidopsis walls. Pectin and xylan polysaccharides are affected by the loss of GAUT function, as demonstrated by the altered galacturonic acid, xylose, rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose composition of distinct gaut mutant walls. The wall glycosyl residue compositional phenotypes observed among the gaut mutants suggest that at least six different biosynthetic linkages in pectins and/or xylans are affected by the lesions in these GAUTgenes. evidence is also presented to support a role for GAUT11 in seed mucilage expansion and in seed wall and mucilage composition.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism cell walls Arabidopsis biosynthesis mutant pectin mucilage

气候变化背景下光核桃的潜在分布区和生态位变化

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北京林业大学学报 2024年第9期46卷 45-56页

作者：张淑宁包文泉敖敦赵光华王淋乌云塔娜白玉娥韩其木格内蒙古农业大学林学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018 汕尾中学广东汕尾516600 中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所河南郑州450003 赤峰市林业科学研究所内蒙古赤峰024005

【目的】探究气候变化对光核桃分布和生态位的影响,为光核桃资源的保护和开发提供理论支撑。【方法】本研究根据光核桃的216条地理分布数据,结合11个气候、土壤和地形因子,调用eNMeval程序包优化后的最大熵值模型(Maxent)模拟我国光核... 详细信息

【目的】探究气候变化对光核桃分布和生态位的影响,为光核桃资源的保护和开发提供理论支撑。【方法】本研究根据光核桃的216条地理分布数据,结合11个气候、土壤和地形因子,调用eNMeval程序包优化后的最大熵值模型(Maxent)模拟我国光核桃潜在分布区在未来3种气候条件下的空间分布格局,并使用ecospat软件包分析光核桃气候生态位变化,以确定影响光核桃分布的主要环境变量。【结果】(1)优化后的Maxent模型可准确预测光核桃的潜在地理分布区,分布区主要位于青藏高原和云贵高原等较高海拔地区,总面积约为360711.8 km2,其中拉萨河谷、雅鲁藏布江中游河谷、怒江、澜沧江、金沙江等干热河谷等地为光核桃高度适生区;(2)在未来气候条件下,光核桃适生区整体呈向西南收缩趋势,生境适宜度总体呈下降趋势;(3)影响光核桃分布的主要环境变量为气温年较差、等温性和海拔,光核桃未来时期与当前时期生态位的重叠率随气候变化加剧逐渐降低。【结论】随着未来气候变化,我国光核桃适生区将向纬度与海拔相对较高的地区进行迁移,光核桃气候生态位也将与当前生态位逐渐分化,温度和海拔是影响光核桃分布的主要环境因子。基于上述结果,我们应在当前和未来环境适宜度均无显著变化的区域设立保护地,以减少全球气候变暖影响,同时也可避免人类活动对光核桃资源的进一步破坏。

关键词：光核桃 Maxent模型潜在分布区生态位气候变暖

Graded and pan-neural disease phenotypes of Rett Syndrome linked with dosage of functional MeCP2

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Protein & Cell 2021年第8期12卷 639-652页

作者： Xiaoying Chen Xu Han Bruno Bianchi Wuqiang Guan Weihong Ge Yong-Chun Yu Yi e.Sun Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOe Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceJing’an District Centre Hospital of ShanghaiFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA

Rett syndrome(RTT)is a progressive neurodevelop-mental disorder,mainly caused by mutations in MeCP2 and currently with no *** report here that neurons from R106W MeCP2 RTT human iPSCs as well as human embryonic stem cells after MeCP2 knockdown exhibit consistent and long-lasting impairment in maturation as indicated by impaired action potentials and passive membrane properties as well as reduced soma size and spine ***,RTT-inherent defects in neuronal maturation could be pan-neuronal and occurred in neurons with both dorsal and ventral forebrain *** of MeCP2 led to more severe neuronal deficits as compared to RTT iPSC-derived neurons,which appeared to retain partial ***,consistent deficits in nuclear size,dendritic complexity and circuitry-dependent spontaneous postsynaptic currents could only be observed in MeCP2 knockdown neurons but not RTT iPSC-derived *** neuron-intrinsic and circuitry-dependent deficits of MeCP2-deficient neurons could be fully or partially rescued by re-expression of wild type or T158M MeCP2,strengthening the dosage dependency of MeCP2 on disease phenotypes and also the partial function of the *** findings thus reveal stable neuronal maturation deficits and unexpectedly,graded sensitivities of neuron-inherent and neural transmission phenotypes towards the extent of MeCP2 deficiency,which is informative for future therapeutic development.

关键词： MeCP2 Rett Syndrome human pluripotent stem cell neural differentiation

An overview of biomass solid fuels:Biomass sources,processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 333-360页

作者： Segun e.Ibitoye Rasheedat M.Mahamood Tien-Chien Jen Chanchal Loha esther T.Akinlabi Department of Mechanical engineering Science Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park2006524South Africa Department of Mechanical engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorin P.M.B.1515Nigeria energy Research and Technology Group CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research InstituteWest BengalDurgapur-713209India Department of Mechanical and Construction engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle NE18STUnited Kingdom

Biomass solid fuel(BSF)has emerged as a promising renewable energy source,but its morphological and microstructural properties are crucial in determining their physical,mechanical,and chemical *** paper provides an overview of recent research on *** focus is on biomass sources,BSF processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties,with a special emphasis on energy-related *** inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the study to ensure *** inclusion criteria encompassed studies about BSFs and studies investigating the influence of biomass sources and processing methods on the morphological and microstructural properties of solid fuels within the past five *** technologies for converting biomass into usable energy were discussed,including gasification,torrefaction,carbonization,hydrothermal carbonization(HTC),and *** has advantages and disadvantages in energy performance,techno-economics,and climate *** is efficient but requires high *** produces bio-oil,char,and gases based on feedstock *** generates low-cost biochar for solid fuels and carbon sequestration *** increases energy density for co-firing with *** processes wet biomass efficiently with lower energy *** treatment affects BSF durability and strength,often leading to less durability due to voids and gaps between *** carbonization alters surface morphology,creating cavities,pores,and distinctive *** pyrolysis generates biochar with better morphological properties,while fast pyrolysis yields biochar with lower porosity and surface *** constitutes 67%of the biomass sources utilized for bioenergy generation,followed by wood residues(5%),agro-residues(4%),municipal solid wastes(3%),energy crops(3%),livestock wastes(3%),and forest residues(1%).each source has advantages and drawbacks,such as avail

关键词： Biomass feedstock Microstructural property Morphological property Renewable energy Thermal treatment

Sintering temperature reflected cation distribution of Zn^(2+) substituted CoFe_2O_4

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第6期20卷 1469-1474页

作者： Sanjay R.Kamble Sagar e.Shirsath S.M.Patange K.M.Jadhav Department of Physics SMDM college Spin Device Technology centre Faculty of EngineeringShinshu University Materials Research Laboratory Srikrishna Mahavidyalaya GunjotiOmerga 413613India Department of Physics Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University

The most remarkable effect in spinel ferrites is the strong dependence of properties on the state of structural disorder and,in particular,on the cation *** structural characterization of a Co-Zn ferrite nanoparticle sample was reported which prepared by wet chemical co-precipitation *** samples were sintered at three different temperatures viz.650℃,850℃ and 1050℃ for 12 *** structural details like:lattice constant and distribution of cations in the tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial voids have been deduced through X-ray diffraction (XRD) data *** constant was found to increase with the increase in Zn2+ ions and sintering *** intensity ratios of (220),(400),(440) planes were considered,as these reflections are sensitive to cations on the A and B *** agreement of the theoretical intensity ratio with the intensity ratio observed from XRD pattern supports the occupancy of Zn2+ ions and Co2+ ions on the octahedral and tetrahedral sites,respectively.

关键词： ferrite chemical synthesis sintering temperature cation distribution

Geochemical constraints and uranium potential of the younger granitic rocks in el Maghrbia area, Central eastern Desert, egypt

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第4期40卷 623-639页

作者： A.e.el-Kammar A.H.el-Afandy T.Nasr M.Coltorti F.Casetta Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityCairoEgypt Nuclear Materials Authority El MaadiCairoEgypt Department of Physics and earth Sciences University of FerraraFerraraItaly

The present work deals with the mineralogy,geochemical behavior and uranium potentiality of the monzogranites of el Maghrbia area,which comprise *** Maghrbia and *** eredyia and situated in the central eastern Desert of ***-erediya monzogranites represents a promising area for uranium *** granites have shear zone filled with red and black silica veins containing many radioactive anomalies with visible yellow secondary uranium *** shear zone is highly affected by different degrees of alterations such as silicification,kaolinitization,sassuritization and *** of el-erediya area possess higher values of their radioactivity than in el Maghrbia monzogranites in which eU and eTh,reaches up to 792.3 and 66.81 ppm,whilst average content of eU and eTh in el Maghrabia granites are 3.86 and 8.55 ppm,respectively owing to the presence of radioactive minerals such as uraninite,uranothorite,uranophane,kasolite,betafite,zircon and *** geochemical analyses indicated that,the studied monzogranites are distinctly anomalous in U,where the average U is more than 620-fold the Upper Continental Crust(UCC),marked enrichment(> tenfold) of the elements Cd,Mo,Pb,Bi,Nb and *** Th/U ratio decreases from 2.8,as a chondritic value,to 0.0023 for the studied granites,proposing extreme fractionation towards an extensive secondary migration-in of *** Zr and Hf are depleted in the studied granites relative to the UCC,whereas Nb and Ta are strongly *** content of Y is about sixfold enriched which reflects relative enhancement of the HRee during the alteration *** correlates with Fe_(2)O_(3),suggesting a possible association between uranium and ***,the occurrences of uranium are epigenetic by remobilization from the host rock to the sheared zones,probably through metasomatic process where U-Fe-Mg replaced the feldspars in an oxidized *** high levels of radioactivity in the rocks

关键词： Potentiality Uranium Geochemistry el Maghrabia el erediya egypt

efficient Deep CNN Model for COVID-19 Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4373-4391页

作者： Walid el-Shafai Amira A.Mahmoud el-Sayed M.el-Rabaie Taha e.Taha Osama F.Zahran Adel S.el-Fishawy Mohammed Abd-elnaby Fathi e.Abd el-Samie Department electronics and electrical Communications Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Security engineering Lab Computer Science DepartmentPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Computer engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

Coronavirus(COVID-19)infection was initially acknowledged as a global pandemic in Wuhan in *** Health Organization(WHO)stated that the COVID-19 is an epidemic that causes a 3.4%death *** X-Ray(CXR)and Computerized Tomography(CT)screening of infected persons are essential in diagnosis *** are numerous ways to identify positive COVID-19 *** of the fundamental ways is radiology imaging through CXR,or CT *** comparison of CT and CXR scans revealed that CT scans are more effective in the diagnosis process due to their high ***,automated classification techniques are required to facilitate the diagnosis *** Learning(DL)is an effective tool that can be utilized for detection and classification this type of medical *** deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)can learn and extract essential features from different medical image *** this paper,a CNN architecture for automated COVID-19 detection from CXR and CT images is *** activation functions as well as three optimizers are tested and compared for this *** proposed architecture is built from scratch and the COVID-19 image datasets are directly fed to train *** performance is tested and investigated on the CT and CXR *** activation functions:Tanh,Sigmoid,and ReLU are compared using a constant learning rate and different batch *** optimizers are studied with different batch sizes and a constant learning ***,a comparison between different combinations of activation functions and optimizers is presented,and the optimal configuration is ***,the main objective is to improve the detection accuracy of COVID-19 from CXR and CT images using DL by employing CNNs to classify medical COVID-19 images in an early *** proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 91.67%on CXR image dataset,and a classification accuracy of 100%on CT dataset with training times of 58 min and 46 min on CXR an

关键词： COVID-19 image classification CNN DL activation functions optimizers