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An ecologically-based method for selecting ecological indicators for assessing risks to biological diversity from genetically-engineered plants

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生物安全学报 2013年第3期22卷 141-156页

作者： D.A.Andow Gabor L.Lvei Salvatore Arpaia Lewis Wilson eliana M.G.Fontes Angelika Hilbeck Andreas Lang Nguyên Vǎn Tu't C.S.S.Pires e.r.sujii Claudia Zwahlen A.N.e.Birch Deise M.F.Capalbo Kristina Prescott Celso Omoto Adam r.Zeilinger Department of entomology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108 USA Aarhus University Department of AgroecologyFlakkebjerg Research CentreForsφgsvej 1DK-4200 Slagelse Denmark eNeA-research Centre TrisaiaS.S.106 Jonica Km 419 5I-75026 Rotondella ( MT) Italy CSIrO Cotton research Unit-Myall Vale Wee Waa roadMyall Vale NSW 2390 Australia embrapa Genetic resources and Biotechnology Biological Control Area Parque Estao Biológica-PqEB Final W5 norte70770-900BrasiliaDF Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversittstrasse 16 CH-8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of environmental Geosciences University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Food Crops research InstituteMArD Hai DuongVietnam ecological Science Group James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundee DD2 5DAScotlandUK embrapa environment rodovia SP 340 PO Box 69 Km 127.5JaguariúnaSPBrazil 13820-000 Universidade de So Paulo-eSALQ Department of entomology and AcarologyAv.Pádua Dias 1113418-900 PiracicabaSPBrasil

The environmental risks associated with genetically-engineered( Ge) organisms have been controversial,and so have the models for the assessment of these risks. We propose an ecologically-based environmental risk assessment( erA) model that follows the 1998 USePA guidelines,focusing on potential adverse effects to biological diversity. The approach starts by( 1) identifying the local environmental values so the erA addresses specific concerns associated with local biological diversity. The model simplifies the indicator endpoint selection problem by( 2) classifying biological diversity into ecological functional groups and selecting those that deliver the identified environmental values.( 3) All of the species or ecosystem processes related to the selected functional groups are identified and( 4) multi-criteria decision analysis( MCDA) is used to rank the indicator endpoint entities,which may be species or ecological processes. MCDA focuses on those species and processes that are critical for the identified ecological functions and are likely to be highly exposed to the Ge organism. The highest ranked indicator entities are selected for the next step.( 5) relevant risk hypotheses are identified. Knowledge about the specific transgene and its possible environmental effects in other countries can be used to assist development of risk hypotheses.( 6) The risk hypotheses are ranked using MCDA with criteria related to the severity of the potential risk. The model emphasizes transparent,expert-driven,ecologically-based decision-making and provides formal methods for completing a screening level-erA that can focus erA on the most significant concerns. The process requires substantial human input but the human capital is available in most countries and regions of the world.

关键词：生物多样性基因工程植物风险评估生态指标基础环境风险评价生态系统过程环境价值

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