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Plant responses to variable timing of aboveground clipping and belowground herbivory depend on plant age

Journal of Plant ecology 2018年第5期11卷 696-708页

作者： Minggang Wang T.Martijn Bezemer Wim Hvan der Putten e.pernilla brinkman Arjen Biere Department of Terrestrial ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)Droevendaalsesteeg 106708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Institute of Biology Section Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95052300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 81326700 ES WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims Plants use different types of responses such as tolerance and induced defense to mitigate the effects of *** direc-tion and magnitude of both these plant responses can vary with plant ***,most studies have focused on aboveground herbivory,whereas important feeding occurs ***,we tested the hypothesis that plant tolerance and defense following shoot damage or root herbivory depends on plant *** In order to test our hypothesis,we exposed the perennial grass spe-cies Holcus lanatus to defoliation and root nematode inoculation at three growth stages(young,intermediate and old plants),and exam-ined responses of plant traits related to tolerance(regrowth follow-ing defoliation)and defense(leaf and root nitrogen and phenolics).Important Findings Defoliation overall reduced plant shoot and root biomass as well as foliar concentrations of phenolics regardless of plant age at *** contrast,defoliation increased foliar N concentrations,but only when defoliation occurred at intermediate and old plant *** with root-feeding nematodes reduced root N concentra-tions after a prolonged period of growth,but only when nematodes had been inoculated when plants were *** relative shoot re-growth rate of plants increased immediately after defoliation but this was independent of the plant age at which defoliation occurred,*** not stronger in plants that were defoliated at a more advanced age,as ***,relative root growth rates increased shortly after defoliation,but this was only observed for plants defoli-ated when they were *** conclude that plant responses to aboveground and belowground herbivory in traits related to both defense and tolerance are affected by plant age,but do not gener-ally change with plant age.

关键词： plant age above-belowground interaction root-feeding nematodes Holcus lanatus defoliation

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用聚氧化乙烯改性共聚醚聚氨酯后血小板沉积的研究

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北京生物医学工程 1992年第1期11卷 56-59页

作者： e.brinkman 田文华

为改进商品共聚醚聚氨酯Pellethane 236380A(Pell80A)的血液相容性,作者研究了用不同方法接枝PeO的Pell80A材料,研究了用过氧化二枯基接枝高分子量PeO及甲氧基聚(乙二醇)400丙烯酸脂(MPeGMA-400)的接枝聚合反应.作者还研究了对Pell80A... 详细信息

为改进商品共聚醚聚氨酯Pellethane 236380A(Pell80A)的血液相容性,作者研究了用不同方法接枝PeO的Pell80A材料,研究了用过氧化二枯基接枝高分子量PeO及甲氧基聚(乙二醇)400丙烯酸脂(MPeGMA-400)的接枝聚合反应.作者还研究了对Pell80A膜和管进行的改性,通过接触角测定来研究改性后膜和管的性能.最后作者研究了Pell80A管内侧用PeO改性对其体外血小板沉积的影响.

关键词：共聚醚聚氨酯血小板聚氧化乙烯

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A potential stratotype for the regional lowermost stage of the continental Paleocene in China

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Science China earth Sciences 2014年第4期57卷 1109-1116页

作者： LI WeiTong LIU GengWu Dennis R.BRAMAN LI YiBin CAO WeiSheng Don brinkman SHeN Jiao CHeN QingBao Institute of Geosciences Yangtze University Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyChinese Academy of Sciences Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Institute of exploration and Development Jianghan Oil Field Branch Petroleum and Chemistry Corporation of China

Phanerozoic chronostratigraphic units can only be defined through their lower boundary *** lowermost stage of the Paleocene of China,which mainly consists of terrestrial deposits,can only be defined through its lower boundary stratotype,*** continental Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary *** is no section yet found which contains continuous terrestrial deposits and biostratigraphic records of the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition in Nanxiong,Guangdong and Jiayin,Heilongjiang,there is no evidence for establishing the continental stratotype of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in either ***,both the"Shanghuan stage"and"Furaoan stage"are not good candidates for the lowermost stage of the Paleocene of *** the viewpoint of charophytes,the outcrop section of the Dangyang,Hubei Province(Central China)contains the most continuous,abundant and diverse terrestrial biostratigraphic records of the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition,in particular the early Paleocene,known so far in the *** biostratigraphic records of ostracods in the transition are also continuous,rich,and *** Dangyang outcrop section is the only section known so far in China that is a possible candidate for a continental stratotype of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in China and the section is the only potential section identified to date for establishing the regional lowermost stage of the Paleocene,Paleogene and Cenozoic in China or stratotype section for the stage.

关键词： Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary the lowermost stage of Paleocene stratotype continental charophytes Dangyang sec-tion China

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Computed Tomographic Assessment of Body Fat in Dach-shunds: A Pilot Study

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第1期3卷 1-5页

作者： Jeffrey F. Comstock Jennifer L. Wardlaw erin L. brinkman-Ferguson Dennis e. Rowe Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi USA

Obesity has not been linked to causing intervertebral disc degeneration, but has been shown to influence time to ambulation, a strong long-term prognostic indicator in dogs with intervertebral disc disease. However, monitoring obesity to date is imprecise and subjective in the clinical setting. Having an objective formula based on morphometric measurements would potentially be more precise to track our patients’ weights. Dogs have been shown to gain weight along their lumbar spine more rapidly than other areas. Varying body conformations make extrapolation from nonchondrodystrophic dogs to Dachshunds difficult. This study aimed to establish the region of fat accumulation along the thoracolumbar spine in Dachshunds. Retrospective computed tomographic (CT) analysis was performed on healthy Dachshunds that presented for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Fat area measured at L3 and L5 using attenuation ranges ﹣135/﹣105 Hounsfield units (HU) was the most dependent on body weight (p = 0.05). There appeared to be no difference between subcutaneous, visceral or total percent body fat with weight agreement. T13, L3 and L5 all had linear relationships with patient weight and will likely be helpful for body mass index (BMI) formula creation (p 0.01). This study indicates that any consistent location between L3 and L5 will give an accurate representation of the abdominal circumference and most obese area of the Dachshund with the umbilicus used as a landmark.

关键词： Computed Tomography Body Fat Dachshund

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Nanofluid Flows Within Porous enclosures Using Non-Linear Boussinesq Approximation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 3195-3213页

作者： Sameh e.Ahmed Dalal Alrowaili ehab Mahmoud Mohamed Abdelraheem M.Aly Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics South Valley UniversityQena83523Egypt Mathematics Department College of ScienceJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia electrical engineering Department College of EngineeringPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Addwasir11991Saudi Arabia electrical engineering Department Aswan UniversityAswan81542Egypt

In this paper,the Galerkin finite element method(FeM)together with the characteristic-based split(CBS)scheme are applied to study the case of the non-linear Boussinesq approximation within sinusoidal heating inclined enclosures filled with a non-Darcy porous media and *** enclosure has an inclination angle and its side-walls have varying sinusoidal temperature *** working fluid is a nanofluid that is consisting of water as a based nanofluid and Al2O3 as *** porous medium is modeled using the brinkman Forchheimer extended Darcy *** obtained results are analyzed over wide ranges of the non-linear Boussinesq parameter 0≤ζ≤1,the phase deviation 00≤Φ≤1800,the inclination angle 00≤γ≤900,the nanoparticles volume fraction 0%≤φ≤4%,the amplitude ratio 0≤a≤1 and the Rayleigh number 104≤Ra≤*** results revealed that the average Nusselt number is enhanced by 0.73%,26.46%and 35.42%at Ra=104,105 and 106,respectively,when the non-linearBoussinesq parameter is varied from 0 to *** addition,rate of heat transfer in the case of a non-uniformly heating is higher than that of a uniformly ***-linear Boussinesq parameter rises the flow speed and heat transfer in an *** deviation makes clear changes on the isotherms and heat transfer rate on the right wall of an *** inclination angle varies the flow speed and it has a slight effect on heat transfer in an enclosure.

关键词： CBS scheme non-linear Boussinesq approximation nonuniformly heating non-darcy flow nanofluid

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院外HIV、HBV和HCV暴露后的预防与随访:2000-3政策评估

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 3-3页

作者： Sonder G.J.B. Regez R.M. brinkman K. 刘丽娜 Department of Infectious Diseases Nieuwe Achtergracht 100 1018 WT Amsterdam Netherlands

Problem Prophylactic treatment and followup after exposure to HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C outside hospital needs to be improved. Background and settin g Until January 2000, people in Amsterdam could report exposure outside hospital to either a hospital or the municipal health service. If they reported to the m unicipal health service, they were then referred to hospitals for HIV prophylaxi s, whereas the municipal health service handled treatment and followup related to hepatitis B and hepatitis C and traced sources. For cases reported to a hosp ital, hospital staff often did not trace HIV sources or follow up patients for h epatitis B and hepatitis C. Key measures for improvement Providing adequate trea tment for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C after exposure for all reported expos ures outside hospital. Strategies for change On 1 January 2000, a new protocol w as introduced in which three Amsterdam hospitals and the municipal health servic e collaborated in the treatment and followup of exposures outside hospital. Bo th municipal health service and hospitals can decide whether HIV prophylaxis is necessary and prescribe accordingly. All people exposed in the community who rep ort to hospitals are subsequently referred to the municipal health service for f urther treatment and followup. effects of change The protocol is effective in that most people comply with treatment and followup. When indicated, HIV proph ylaxis is started soon after exposure. In nearly two thirds of cases the municip al health service traced and tested the source. Lessons learnt Provision of trea tment and followup in one place enables treatment, tracing and testing sources , and followup, including counselling and registration of all reported exposur es in Amsterdam, which allows for swift identification of emerging epidemiologic al trends. Since May 2004 all Amsterdam hospitals have participated in the proto col.

关键词：政策评估 HBV HCV HIV 丙肝患者暴露人群流行趋势快速识别预防措施

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