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plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys:Comparison of coatings formation mechanism

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第3期8卷 587-600页

作者： A.G.Rakoch e.p.monakhova Z.V.Khabibullina M.Serdechnova C.Blawert M.L.Zheludkevich A.A.Gladkova aDepartment of Metal protection and Surface Treatment National University of Science and Technology‘MISiS’Leninskiy prospekt 4119049 MoscowRussia Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research GmbHMax-Plank Str.l21502 GeesthachtGermany Faculty of engineering Kiel UniversityKaiserstrasse 224143 KielGermany

The growth kinetics of peO coatings on AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys were studied and correlated with their structure,compositions(phase and elemental)and corrosion *** was established that the coatings have a two-(outer and anodic)or three-layer structure(outer,inner and anodic)depending on the treatment ***,at short treatment time only an anodic layer and outer layer *** of the outer peO layer takes place due to the micro discharges,which occur in vertical pores and voids with spherical *** the time is increasing,and electrolyte inside of the pores is heating-up,etching of the Mg substrate and oxide film becomes more dominant and horizontal pores in the interface between coating and metal are *** the pores new anodic layer will form and at this time the formation of the third inner layer *** growth of the inner layer happens via the anodic film as a result of micro discharge ignition in the horizontal pores,accompanied by formation of plasma in numerous micro-voids of this *** coatings formed on AZ91 alloy are denser,than those on AZ31,which is related to the difference in the rates of inner layer growth and dissolving of oxides which are located at the bottom of the horizontal *** of the lower Al content,the AZ31 substrate itself and the also the oxide films are less stable and tend to dissolve at a higher rate compared to ***,it was demonstrated that a good corrosion resistance of the coatings was only obtained on AZ91 and if the average thickness of the coating is around 50μm,correlating with the formation of a sufficiently dense inner laye-Knowing this mechanism,a new two-step treatment was suggested,combining the standard peO treatment with a subsequent peO process in an electrolyte supporting the inner film *** concept was successfully applied and a further improved corrosion resistance was obtained compared to the single stage peO *** improvement of corrosion re

关键词： plasma electrolytic oxidation Magnesium alloys Coating formation Coating growth Corrosion resistance.

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Influence of unrecorded alcohol consumption on liver cirrhosis mortality

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7217-7222页

作者： Dirk W Lachenmeier Yulia B monakhova Jürgen Rehm epidemiological Research Unit Institute for Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyTechnische Universit?t Dresden01187 DresdenGermany Chemisches und Veterin?runtersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe 76187 KarlsruheGermany Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) TorontoON M5S 2S1Canada Dalla Lana School of public Health University of TorontoTorontoON M5T 3M7Canada

Unrecorded alcohol includes illegally distributed alcohol as well as homemade or surrogate alcohol which is unintended for consumption by humans(e.g.,cosmetics containing alcohol).The highest unrecorded alcohol consumption occurs in eastern europe and some of these countries have an over proportional liver cirrhosis *** besides ethanol have been hypothesized as being responsible for this *** the other hand,chemical investigations were unable to prove that unrecorded alcohol regularly contains contaminants above toxicological ***,illegally produced spirits regularly contain higher percentages of alcohol(above 45%by volume),but for considerably less costs compared with licit beverages,potentially causing more problematic patterns of *** this review,it is investigated whether patterns of drinking rather than product composition can explain the liver cirrhosis mortality *** examination of World Health Organization country data shows that the originally detected correlation of the percentage of unrecorded alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality rates disappears when the data is adjusted for the prevalence of heavy episodic *** may be concluded that there is currently a lack of data to demonstrate causality between the composition of illicit spirits(e.g.,higher levels of certain contaminants in home-produced products)and liver toxicity on a population *** may be cases of poisoning with antiseptic liquids containing compounds such as polyhexamethyleneguanidine,which were reported to be consumed as surrogate alcohol in Russia,leading to an outbreak of acute cholestatic liver injury,histologically different from conventional alcoholic liver disease.

关键词： epidemiology Liver cirrhosis Alcoholic beverages Unrecorded alcohol Risk assessment

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