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A roadmap for breeding orphan leafy vegetable species: a case study of Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 903-917页

作者： e.o.deedi sogbohossou enoch G.Achigan-Dako Patrick Maundu Svein Solberg edgar M.S.Deguenon Rita H.Mumm Iago Hale Allen Van Deynze M.eric Schranz Biosystematics Group Wageningen UniversityPostbus 6476700APWageningenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics Horticulture and Seed SciencesFaculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey-CalaviBP 2549Abomey-CalaviBenin Kenya Resource Center for Indigenous Knowledge(KeNRIK) Centre for BiodiversityNational Museums of KenyaMuseum HillP.O.Box 40658Nairobi00100Kenya World Vegetable Center(AVRDC) P.O.Box 42ShanhuaTainan74199Taiwan NGo Hortitechs Developpement 02 BP 1111CotonouBenin Department of Crop Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIL61801USA Department of Agriculture Nutritionand Food SystemsUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH03824USA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orphan crops by local communities are generally *** provide an overview of the current knowledge on leafy vegetables with a focus on Gynandropsis gynandra,a highly nutritious species used in Africa and Asia,and highlight general and species-specific guidelines for participatory,genomics-assisted breeding of orphan *** steps in genome-enabled orphan leafy vegetables improvement are identified and discussed in the context of Gynandropsis gynandra breeding,including:(1)germplasm collection and management;(2)product target definition and refinement;(3)characterization of the genetic control of key traits;(4)design of the‘process’for cultivar development;(5)integration of genomic data to optimize that‘process’;(6)multi-environmental participatory testing and end-user evaluation;and(7)crop value chain *** review discusses each step in detail,with emphasis on improving leaf yield,phytonutrient content,organoleptic quality,resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and post-harvest management.

关键词： breeding crops cultivar

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Determinants of High Blood Pressure and Quality of Management in Three Regions of Benin

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open Journal of epidemiology 2018年第1期8卷 14-28页

作者： Mohamed Lamine Dramé Corine Houehanou Paulin sogbohossou René Paré Armand ekambi Carmelle Mizéhoun-Adissoda Dismand Houinato Karel Gyselinck Michael Marx Maria Rosáttrio oliveira Martins Paulo Ferrinho GHTM Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal Faculty of Health Sciences Laboratory of epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases (LEMACEN) Abomey-Calavi University Cotonou Benin Belgium Technical Cooperation—BTC Cotonou Benin Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany

objective: The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence, associated factors and quality of high blood pressure (HBP) management in three regions of Benin in 2015. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, with two components. The first component included adults aged from 18 to 69 years, selected using a three-stage random sampling within the households. Data were collected thanks to the French version of the WHo STePS instrument. Anthropometric data, including blood pressure, capillary fasting glucose and total cholesterol were measured according to standard procedures. The second component included Public Health Centers (PHC) selected by a random stratified multi-stage sampling. Data were collected on the structures and the processes of HBP management using the standardized tool for assessing the capacities of management of non-communicable diseases in peripheral health centers provided by the World Health organization. Results: A total of 4816 participants were included in the first component. The mean age was 35.8 ± 12.7 years. The weighted prevalence of HBP was 27.9% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [25.6 - 30.2]). It was higher in the 60 - 69 years compared to the lower age groups (Adjusted odd-ratio (oRa) = 5;95% CI [3.9 - 6.5)]). HBP was positively associated with urban residence (oRa = 1.26;95% CI [1.24 - 1.28]), obesity (oRa = 1.46;95% CI [1.43 - 1.50]), hyperglycemia (oRa = 1.13;95% CI [1.10 - 1.15)]) and hypercholesterolemia (oRa = 1.64;95% CI [1.59 - 1.70)]). A total of 27 PHC were included in the second component. Taking blood pressure and other anthropometric measurements was not routine in PHC. Several essential medicines were not available in the PHC. A low level of community involvement in the management of HBP was noted. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of HBP and shows inadequacies in its management in the targeted PHC. More appropriate prevention and control measures for HBP should be implemented.

关键词： High Blood Pressure Determinants Management Benin

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Diabetes and Its Treatment Quality in Benin (West Africa): Analysis of Data from the STePS Survey 2015

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open Journal of epidemiology 2018年第4期8卷 242-258页

作者： Mohamed Lamine Dramé Carmelle Mizéhoun-Adissoda Salimanou Amidou Paulin sogbohossou René Paré Armand ekambi Corine Houehanou Dismand Houinato Karel Gyselinck Michael Marx Maria Rosàrio oliveira Martins Paulo Ferrinho Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal Laboratory of Non-Communicable and Neurologic Diseases epidemiology Faculty of Health Science University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Belgium Technical Cooperation—BTC Cotonou Benin University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany

Aims: Diabetes is a major public health problem in low and middle-income countries. This study 1) estimated prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in Benin, and 2) assessed the treatment quality of diabetes. Methodology: A cross-sectional research was conducted with two components. The First component has included 4954 subjects aged (18 - 69) randomly selected in Mono/Couffo and Donga regions. Data were collected according to WHo’s STePS approach. Capillary blood glucose was measured using the automat Cardiocheck®PA. The Second component considered Public Health Centers (PHCs) within the study regions. Health system established for diabetes control, healthcare practices and the level of involvement of the Public Healthcare Providers and community actors in the management of diabetes have been explored. Findings: A total of 4775 subjects participated in the first component with a predominance of women (56.8%), rural residence and aged (Conclusion: Diabetes prevalence goes increasingly in Benin when its management is inadequate in PHCs. Prevention and control actions should be strengthened.

关键词： Diabetes Determinants Treatment Benin

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