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Immunological roulette: Luck or something more? Considering the connections between host and environment in TB

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2018年第3期15卷 226-232页

作者： John e Pearl mrinal Das Andrea m Cooper Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group(LTBRG)University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK

Accurate prediction of which patient will progress from a sub-clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis represents an elusive,yet critical,clinical research *** the individual perspective,progression can be considered to be the product of a series of unfortunate events or even a run of bad ***,we identify the subtle physiological relationships that can influence the odds of progression to active TB and how this progression may reflect directed dysbiosis in a number of interrelated *** infected individuals who progress to disease have apparently good immune responses,but these responses are,at times,compromised by either local or systemic environmental *** disease promoting processes,such as tissue-damaging granulomata,usually manifest in the lung,but illness is *** apparent dichotomy between local and systemic reflects a clear need to define the factors that promote progression to active disease within the context of the body as a physiological *** discuss aspects of the host environment that can impact expression of immunity,including the microbiome,glucocorticoid-mediated regulation,catecholamines and interaction between the gut,liver and *** suggest the importance of integrating precision medicine into our analyses of experimental outcomes such that apparently conflicting results are not contentious,but rather reflect the impact of these subtle relationships with our environment and microbiota.

关键词： gut-liver-lung axis microbiome tuberculosis

evaluation of the Heat,entropy,and Rotational Changes Produced by Gravitational Segregation during Core Formation

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Journal of earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 124-133页

作者： Anne m.Hofmeister Robert e.Criss Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University

Core formation by gravitational segregation allegedly released sufficient interior heat to melt the earth. Analysis of the energetics, which compare gravitational potential energy （Ug） of a fictitious, homogeneous reference state to earth＇s current layered configuration, needs updating to correct errors and omissions, and to accommodate recent findings：（1） An erroneous positive sign was used for Ug while maintaining the reference value of 0 at infinity, which results in an incorrect sign fur AUg, which is crucial in determining whether a process is endothermic or exothermic. （2） The value of Ug for earth＇s initial state is uncertain. （3） Recent meteorite evidence indicates that core formation began before the earth was full-sized, which severely limits AUg. （4） Inhomogeneous accretion additionally reduced AUg. （5） The potentially large effect of differential rotation between the core and the mantle was not accounted for. （6） entropy changes associated with creating order were neglected. Accordingly, we revise values of Ug, evaluate uncertainties, and show that AUg was converted substantially to eonfigurational energy （TAS）. These considerations limit the large sources of primordial heat to impacts and radioactivity. Although these processes may play a role in core formation, their energies are independent of gravitational segregation, which produces order and rotational energy, not internal heat. Instead, gravitational segregation promotes planetary cooling mainly because it segregates lithophilic radioactive elements upward, increasing surface heat flux while shortening the distance over which radiogenic heat diffuses outwards.

关键词： core formation primordial heat configurational energy thermodynamics rotational energy.

A comparison of strategic mine planning approaches for in-pit crushing and conveying, and truck/shovel systems

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2018年第2期28卷 205-214页

作者： m.Nehring P.F.Knights m.S.Kizil e.Hay School of mechanical and mining engineering The University of Queensland

In a global environment where energy and labor are becoming increasingly expensive, continuous mining systems such as In-Pit Crushing and Conveying(IPCC) systems have been advanced as offering a real alternative to conventional truck haulage systems. The implementation of IPCC systems in hard rock operations in open pit mines however requires different and more comprehensive planning approaches in order to adequately reflect the practical aspects associated with these. This paper investigates the impact that these approaches may have on the implementation of IPCC systems on a basic metalliferous deposit amenable to open pit exploitation. A strategic life of mine plan to provide numerous economic indicators for each approach is analyzed and compared to traditional truck haulage systems. The mine planning and evaluation process highlights the increased overall resource recovery that may accompany the use of IPCC systems. This investigation also provides insights into the issues associated with IPCC and the scale and type of operation and orebody that is likely to provide a feasible alternative to truck haulage.

关键词： In pit crusher conveyor systems Strategic mine planning Resource recovery Surface metalliferous mining mine optimization Truck and shovel

Crashworthiness performance of hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy tube on winding orientation effect under quasi-static compression load

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第5期16卷 1051-1061页

作者： A.B.m.Supian S.m.Sapuan m.Y.m.Zuhri e.S.Zainudin H.H.Ya Advanced engineering materials and Composites Research Centre Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products(INTROP)Universiti Putra Malaysia43400UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of mechanical engineering Universiti Teknologi Petronas32610Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia

This research was aimed to study the effect winding orientation on the crashworthiness performance of hybrid *** specimens tested under quasi-static compression load involve of three winding parameters(q?30,45and 70)of hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy as contrast *** automated filament winding technique has been used in fabrication of hybrid and non-hybrid composite tube and crashworthiness performance was investigated *** effects of winding orientation on energy absorption capabilities and crashworthiness characteristic were investigated through quasi-static compression load and the result are compared with the glass fiber composite tube to justify the capability of hybrid natural/synthetic as energy absorption *** samples proved to enhancing the progressive crushing capability as combination of local buckling,delaminate and brittle fracturing as progressive crushing *** the view of winding orientation aspect,the results of high winding orientation of hybrid composite tube elevated the crush load efficiency,specific energy absorption and energy absorption capability compared to glass composite tube(GFRP).The hybrid kenaf/glass composite tube with high winding orientation showed the best winding orientation to enhance the energy absorber characteristics as energy absorption application.

关键词： composite laminate winding

The supernova remnant CTB 37B and its associated magnetar CXOU J171405.7-381031:evidence for a magnetar-driven remnant

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第6期11卷 625-630页

作者： J.e.Horvath m.P.Allen Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas-Universidade de So PauloRua do Mato122605508-900 Cidade Universitria So Paulo SPBrazil CeFeT So Paulo Rua Pedro Vicente 62501109-010Caninde'So Paulo SPBrazil

We discuss the association between the candidate magnetar CXOU J171405.7-381031 and the supernova remnant CTB *** recent detection of the period derivative of the object allowed an estimation of a young characteristic age of only ～ *** value is too small to be compatible even with the minimum radius of the remnant being ≥ 10 pc,the value corresponding to the lower limit of the estimated distance of 10.2 ± 3.5 kpc,unless the true distance happens to be even smaller than the lower *** argue that a consistent scenario for the remnant＇s origin,in which the latter is powered by the energy injected by a young magnetar,is indeed more accurate to explain the young age,and demonstrates its non-standard（***-driven） nature.

关键词： stars:supernova — stars:neutron

The radial evolution of earthward BBFs during substorm

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Science China earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1542-1551页

作者： Reme H DANDOURAS I LUCeK e DUNLOP m Centre d'etude Spatiale des Rayonnements Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

We here study the occurrence rate,probability function of velocity and duration of earthward bursty bulk flows(BBFs) in the Inner Plasma Sheet(IPS,β>0.5) using the data of Cluster in 2001 and *** occurrence rate of earthward BBFs increases with distance from the earth up to ?19 Re,which is in agreement with the previous observations of the radial evolution of *** 54% of earthward BBFs in expansion phase have a velocity larger than 600 km/s,whereas only 38% of earthward BBFs in growth and recovery phases have a velocity larger than 600 km/*** average velocity of earthward BBFs in expansion phase is 732 km/s,larger than those in growth phase(631 km/s) and recovery phase(617 km/s).The durations of earthward BBFs decrease with the decrease of downtail distance from earth due to the braking of earthward *** duration of earthward BBFs in expansion phase is larger than that in growth and recovery *** average durations in growth,expansion,and recovery phases are respectively 49.3,71.5,and 47.6 ***,the ratios of transports of energy of earthward BBFs in growth,expansion,and recovery phases can be estimated to be 0.51:1:***,the earthward BBFs in the expansion phase have the largest capability of the transport of energy and can produce the largest braking effects,such as inertial currents and auroral activities.

关键词： substorm growth expansion recovery duration energy transport

Wastewater degradation by iron/copper nanoparticles and the microorganism growth rate

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 19-31页

作者： Tareq W.m.Amen Osama eljamal Ahmed m.e.Khalil Nobuhiro matsunaga earth System Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University Department of Chemical engineering Faculty of Engineering Cairo University

Nowadays, trends in wastewater treatment by zero-valent iron（ZVI） were turned to use bimetallic NZVI particles by planting another metal onto the ZVI surface to increase its reactivity. Nano size zero-valent iron/copper（NZVI/Cu0） bimetallic particles were synthesized in order to examine its toxicity effects on the wastewater microbial life, kinetics of phosphorus, ammonia stripping and the reduction of chemical oxygen demand（COD）.Various concentrations of NZVI/Cu0 and operation conditions both aerobic and anaerobic were investigated and compared with pure NZVI experiment. The results showed that addition10 mg/L of NZVI/Cu0 significantly increased the numbers of bacteria colonies under anaerobic condition, conversely it inhibited bacteria activity with the presence of oxygen. Furthermore,the impact of nanoparticles on ammonia stripping and phosphorus removal was also linked to the emitted iron ions electrons. It was found that dosing high concentration of bimetallic NZVI/Cu0 has a negative effect on ammonia stripping regardless of the aeration condition. In comparison to control, dosing only 10 mg/L NZVI/Cu0, the phosphorus removal increased sharply both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, these outcomes were obtained as a result of complete dissolution of bimetallic nanoparticles which formed copper-iron oxides components that are attributed to increasing the phosphorus adsorption rate.

关键词： Iron bimetallic Wastewater biodegradation Bacterial life Contaminants removal

magmatic systems of large continental igneous provinces

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第4期8卷 621-640页

作者： e.Sharkov m.Bogina A.Chistyakov Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits PetrographyMineralogy and Geochemistry RAS

Large igneous provinces（LIPs） formed by mantle superplume events have irreversibly changed their composition in the geological evolution of the earth from high-mg melts（during Archean and early Paleoproterozoic） to Phanerozoic-type geochemically enriched Fe-Ti basalts and picrites at 2.3 *** propose that this upheaval could be related to the change in the source and nature of the mantle superplumes of different *** first generation plumes were derived from the depleted mantle,whereas the second generation（thermochemical） originated from the core-mantle boundary（CmB）.This study mainly focuses on the second（Phanerozoic） type of LIPs,as exemplified by the midPaleoproterozoic Jatulian-Ludicovian LIP in the Fennoscandian Shield,the Permian-Triassic Siberian LIP,and the late Cenozoic flood basalts of *** latter LIP contains mantle xenoliths represented by green and black *** xenoliths are fragments of cooled upper margins of the mantle plume heads,above zones of adiabatic melting,and provide information about composition of the plume material and processes in the plume *** on the previous studies on the composition of the mantle xenoliths in within-plate basalts around the world,it is inferred that the heads of the mantle（thermochemical） plumes are made up of moderately depleted spinel peridotites（mainly lherzolites）and geochemically-enriched intergranular fluid/***,it is presumed that the plume heads intrude the mafic lower crust and reach up to the bottom of the upper crust at depths-20 *** generation of two major types of mantle-derived magmas（alkali and tholeiitic basalts） was previously attributed to the processes related to different PT-parameters in the adiabatic melting zone whereas this study relates to the fluid regime in the plume *** is also suggested that a newly-formed melt can occur on different sides of a critical plane of silica undersaturation and can acquire either alkalic or tholeiitic composition de

关键词： magmatic systems LIP mantle plume Paleoproterozoic mantle xenoliths Basalts

Differences in reproductive endocrinology between Asian men and Caucasian men——a literature review

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第1期2卷 13-20页

作者： m.e.vanHouten LouisJ.G.Gooren Andrology Unit of the Department of endocrinology Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the NetherlandsAndrology Unit of the Department of Endocrinology Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands

This review provides an overview of the literature on aspects of reproductive endocrinology wherein Asian menmay differ from Caucasian, notably, prostatic nioplasm and the sensivity to pharmacological regimens of male contra-ception. Both genetic and environmental factors, such as nutrition, might be relevant. Asian men residing in Asia seemto be relatively protected from clinical prostatic nioplasm while the prevalence of preclinical prostatic nioplasm is notdifferent. migration to an area with a higher prevalence reduces this difference but does not undo it. With regard toprostatic nioplasm the following factors have been considered as relevant in Asian men: 1) a reduction in 5α-reductaselevel, 2) decreased levels of androgenic ketosteroid precursors of 5α-reduced androgen metabolites, 3) the decreasedpresence of a P53 mutation, 4) a higher CAG-repeat length of the androgen receptor, 5) a possible higher level ofphysical activity, 6) differences in sexual activity. Furthermore, Asian men respond to a higher degree with azoosper-mia in response to contraceptive steroids. Possible explanations offered for the more pronounced response to contracep-tive steroids are: 1) differences in testicular structure and decreased spermatogenic potential, 2) an earlier and moremarked suppression in LH secretion by exogenous androgens. The differences may be due to genetical and/or environ-mental factors influencing the peripheral testosterone metabolism. Dietary factors such as the higher intake of phytoe-strogens in Asians might exert effects on 5α-reductase activity and/or on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels,thus having an impact on the biological efficay of circulating androgens. ( Asian J Androl 2000; 2: 13 - 20)

关键词： ethnology Asian men Caucasian men prostatic neoplasms endocrinology male contraceptive agents androgen