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Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： lakshmi S V V Shiloah elizabeth Darmanayagam Sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer Science and engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

Three-Stage Transfer Learning with AlexNet50 for MRI Image Multi-Class Classification with Optimal Learning Rate

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 155-183页

作者： Suganya Athisayamani A.Robert Singh Gyanendra prasad Joshi Woong Cho School of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401India Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Department of AI and Software engineering Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of electronics Information and Communication EngineeringKangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea

In radiology,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an essential diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of a patient’s anatomical and physiological *** is particularly effective for detecting soft tissue ***,radiologists manually interpret these images,which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the vast amount of *** address this challenge,machine learning,and deep learning approaches can be utilized to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection in MRI *** manuscript presents the use of the Deep AlexNet50 model for MRI classification with discriminative learning *** are three stages for learning;in the first stage,the whole dataset is used to learn the *** the second stage,some layers of AlexNet50 are frozen with an augmented dataset,and in the third stage,AlexNet50 with an augmented dataset with the augmented *** method used three publicly available MRI classification datasets:Harvard whole brain atlas(HWBA-dataset),the School of Biomedical engineering of Southern Medical University(SMU-dataset),and The National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospitals brain MRI dataset(NINS-dataset)for *** hyperparameter optimizers like Adam,stochastic gradient descent(SGD),Root mean square propagation(RMS prop),Adamax,and AdamW have been used to compare the performance of the learning ***-dataset registers maximum classification *** evaluated the performance of the proposed classification model using several quantitative metrics,achieving an average accuracy of 98%.

关键词： MRI tumors classification AlexNet50 transfer learning hyperparameter tuning optimizer

Multi-Scale Dilated Convolution Network for SPeCT-MPI Cardiovascular Disease Classification with Adaptive Denoising and Attenuation Correction

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 299-327页

作者： A.Robert Singh Suganya Athisayamani Gyanendra prasad Joshi Bhanu Shrestha Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203Tamil NaduIndia School of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401Tamil NaduIndia Department of Artificial Intelligence&Software Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of Information Convergence System Graduate School of Smart ConvergenceKwangwoon UniversitySeoul01897Republic of Korea

Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SPeCT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronary artery disease(CAD).The automatic classification of SPeCT images for different techniques has achieved near-optimal accuracy when using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).This paper uses a SPeCT classification framework with three steps:1)Image denoising,2)Attenuation correction,and 3)Image *** denoising is done by a U-Net architecture that ensures effective image *** correction is implemented by a convolution neural network model that can remove the attenuation that affects the feature extraction process of ***,a novel multi-scale diluted convolution(MSDC)network is *** merges the features extracted in different scales and makes the model learn the features more *** scales of filters with size 3×3 are used to extract *** three steps are compared with state-of-the-art *** proposed denoising architecture ensures a high-quality image with the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of *** proposed classification method is compared with the five different CNN models,and the proposed method ensures better classification with an accuracy of 96%,precision of 87%,sensitivity of 87%,specificity of 89%,and F1-score of 87%.To demonstrate the importance of preprocessing,the classification model was analyzed without denoising and attenuation correction.

关键词： SPeCT-MPI CAD MSDC denoising attenuation correction classification

Intricacies during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 62-64页

作者： Richa Rattan Rimesh Pal Parul Chawla Gupta Arvind Kumar Morya Ripunjay prasad Department of endocrinology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012PunjabIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Ophthalmology RP Eye InstituteDelhi 110001India

The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass *** analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to *** these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods ***,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics *** study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for *** GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical *** its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Biomarkers Differentially expressed proteins Retinol-binding protein 4 Angiopoietin-like 8 Proteomics Lifestyle interventions early prediction

Tuberculosis treatment-new approach to an old problem

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第1期2卷 80-82页

作者： lakshmi Kiran Chelluri prasad C e Murthy K J R Ratnakar K S Transplant Biology & Stem Cell Global HospitalsLakdi-ka-PoolHyderabad-500004India A.P.Chest Hospital IrrumnumaHyderabad-500036India Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital & Research Centre Masab TankHyderabad-500004India Global Medical education & Research Centre Global HospitalsLakdi-ka-PoolHyderabad-500004India

Chronic mycobacterium infections are major causes of disease burden of 20%in a tropical country like India. The inflammatory cascade following these bacterial infections often leads to tissue damage and perpetuates necrosis, fibrosis and the disease *** tuberculosis,multi-drug resistant tuberculosis not only affects individuals but society at *** remedial measures using various technology platforms singularly did not produce effective and appreciable reduction in global disease *** the contrary,the conventional chemotherapeutic chemical moieties have demonstrated variable pharmacogenomic expression,increased drug resistance,non compliance of strict prolonged drug regimens with debilitating side effects and contraindications. Furthermore,secreted inflammatory cytokines results in chronic infection,immune deviation,and immunopathology in the ***,identification of immune escape mechanisms leading to chronic mycobacterial infections is crucial for development of new *** review would dwell into the basic pathogenic mechanism and the newer approaches that may need to be considered for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Tuberculosis Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis Treatment

Nano-enhanced Dairy Scum Biodiesel Blends:Unleashing the Power of Aluminium Oxide for Sustainable and efficient engine Performance

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MODI prasad B.RAMPURe Sunil Kumar SHeTTY Madeva NAGARAL Channa Keshava NAIK N Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad ABDULLAH Abdullah I.AL-MANSOUR Shamshad ALAM KLe College of engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological University Nitte (Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft Research and Design Centre HAL Department of Mechanical engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Management and Science University Department of Civil engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud University

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of Al2O3nanoparticles in B20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest（RF）and CatBoost) was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption（BSFC） of2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl ester Biodiesel 20%+Neat Diesel 80%（in volume）,DSMeB20),57.14% less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased NOxemissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** B20NP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced Brake Thermal efficiency（BTe） of 26.29% in 3×10-5（in volume） Al2O3nanoparticle-blended DSMe B20 and other DSMe B20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures（BTe,BSFC）,and emissions（CO,CO2,NOx,Smoke） are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for BTe and BSFC shows that CatBoost-based BTe models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for CO and CO2emission results.

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Adenosine deaminase isoenzymes estimation - as a diagnostic tool for tuberculous pleural effusions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 61-65页

作者： Nalla NK prasad Ce Gopalakrishniah V Somayajulu VL lakshmi K Chelluri Gandhi Medical College MusheerabadHyderabad 500020(A.P)India Stem Cell Lab Global HospitalsLakdi-Ka-PoolHyderabad 500004(A.P)India

Objective:To assess the efficacy of ADA isoenzyme estimation over that of total ADA level in pleural fluid and serum as a more efficient diagnostic indicator in tuberculous pleural effusions in high prevalence country like ***:The efficacy was analysed in total thirty four patients of pleural *** ADA was estimated by Guitsi and Galanti Calorimetric method and ADA isoenzymes with and without eHNA[erythro-9-（2- hydroxy-3-nonyl） adenine]a potent ADA1 inhibitor using the same ***:The results demonstrated a statistically significant values of ADA2 in serum（Peural fluid（P = 0.000） and significant value for the ratio of pleural fluid ADA2/serum ADA2（Peural fluid ADA/ADA(2（Pe sensitivity and specificity values of pleural fluid ADA|2 is 81.8%and 91.6%（cut off value 60 IU/L for Tuberculous effusions）,serum ADA2 95.4%and 66%（cut off value 70 IU/L for tuberculous effusions）. ADA2 is an isoenzyme,which is significantly raised in tuberculous pleural effusions both in the serum and pleural ***:estimation of ADA isoenzymes is redundant as a diagnostic aid over total ADA estimation in view of the limited improvements both in specificity and sensitivity patterns and also in term of cost-benefit ratio.

关键词： Adenosine deaminase Isoenzymes Tuberculous pleural effusions

Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

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Frontiers in energy 2019年第3期13卷 506-521页

作者： lakshmi PATHAK Kavita SHAH Institute of environment and Sustainable Development Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

This paper presents comparative yet extensive analysis of existing non-conventional renewable resources, energy policies and gaps in BRICS countries. An intelligent transformation to green economy to maintain natural resources is noted. Brazil has stable energy policies and is the leading producer of biofuels following hydropower until 2014 but supported wind and solar power development by tendering specific tariffs for energy generation from solar and wind. Russia needs improvement in its legal and regulatory framework with more incentives in energy policies. China is improving upon wind and hydropower but it needs strong policy measures to put cap on increased CO2 emissions. India needs revision in energy policy and requires extra incentives and consumer specific energy policies for research-infrastructure and energy generation technologies. South Africa requires lessons to increase renewable energy and reduce coal mining. Moreover, BRICS countries need to redefine their energy policies based upon their existing geographical, economical, societal and environmental conditions which will help in shaping global energy policies and more financial stability. This paper recognizes the potential of BRICS to reshape the global system paralleled with minimizing CO2 emissions. The concerted role of BRICS needs to be recognized as the leading contributor of global renewable capacity where the developed world is geared and busy to address the environmental issues.

关键词： BRICS CO2 emissions energy policies renewable

Melting Flow Analyzation of Radiative Riga Plate Two-Phase Nano-Fluid Across Non-Flatness Plane with Chemical Reaction

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2024年第5期22卷 1515-1532页

作者： Jupudi lakshmi Rama prasad F.Mebarek-Oudina G.Dharmaiah Putta Babu Rao H.Vaidya Department of Mathematics P.B.Siddhartha College of Arts and ScienceVijayawada520010India Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of 20 Ao鹴1955-SkikdaSkikda21000Algeria Department of Mathematics Narasaraopeta Engineering CollegeYellamandaNarasaraopet522601India Department of Mathematics Sri Aravinda Satajayanthi Government Degree CollegeNarayanapuramUngutur Mandalam534406India Department of Mathematics Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya UniversityBallariKarnataka583104India

There is a strong relationship between analytical and numerical heat transfers due to thermodynamically anticipated findings,making thermo-dynamical modeling an effective tool for estimating the ideal melting point of heat *** certain assumptions,the present study builds a mathematical model of melting heat transport nanofluid flow of chemical reactions and joule *** flow is described by higher-order partial non-linear differential *** suitable similarity transformations and dimensionless parameters converts these controlling partial differential equations into the non-linear ordinary differential equations and resulting system of nonlinear equations is *** graphic visualizations in MATLAB allow for an indepth analysis of the effects of distinguishing factors on fluid *** applications of the findings include electronic cooling,heat transfer,reaction processes,nuclear reactors,micro heat pipes,and other related *** the exponential index increases,however,the thermal profile becomes *** comparing the current findings to those already published in the literature for this particular example,we find that they are highly congruent,therefore validating the present *** one of the numerical findings exhibits asymptotic behavior by meeting the specified boundary conditions.

关键词： Non-flat sheet melting surface chemical reaction 2-phase nano fluid