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Management and mitigation of health risks associated with the occurrence of mycotoxins along the maize value chain in two counties in kenya

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第4期1卷 268-274页

作者： e.k.kang’ethe H.korhonen k.A.Marimba G.Nduhiu J.k.Mungatu S.A.Okoth V.Joutsjoki L.W.Wamae P.Shalo Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of NairobiNairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKEJokioinenF1-31600 JokioinenFinland Jomo kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology NairobiKenya School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi00100 Nairobi Kenya kenya Agriculture Livestock Research OrganizationNairobiKenya Department of Dairy Science Egerton UniversityNjoroEgertonKenya

Aflatoxins and fumonisins are two mycotoxins that are prevalent in *** toxins have associated and causal health effects in humans and *** formed in the substrates,the toxins are not easily *** preferred mitigation is to prevent contamination of the cereals and animal source *** this paper we set out to examine the practices of the farmers in two counties(Nandi and Makueni)in kenya which exacerbates aflatoxin contamination and the government steps to address the issue in the agriculture and livestock *** practices identified in Nandi and Makueni,respectively,included seed varieties where 19.3%and 56%are using local varieties;use of soil amendments where 5.8%and 181%are not using any amendments;crop rotation where 54.6%and 60.5%are not practicing crop rotation;22.7%and 37.5%are using wrong drying methods;and 53%and 77.1%are using poor threshing *** kenya government is subsidizing fertilizers,seeds,increasing areas under irrigation,and providing extension services to build capacity of farmers to mitigate aflatoxin *** paper examines also the cultural practices in land preparation,tillage,crop rotation,drying,sorting at farm,and proper storage as better alternative practices for easy adoption that would,if adopted,lead to a decrease in aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination and therefore reduce household *** agricultural practices should be a prerequisite for the adoption of other aflatoxin control technologies.

关键词： Aflatoxins Fumonisins Contamination Maize value chains Mitigations kenya.

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Occurrence of mycotoxins in food,feed,and milk in two counties from different agro-ecological zones and with historical outbreak of aflatoxins and fumonisins poisonings in kenya

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第3期1卷 161-169页

作者： e.k.kang’ethe A.J.Sirma G.Murithi C.k.Mburugu-Mosoti e.O.Ouko H.J.korhonen G.J.Nduhiu J.k.Mungatu V.Joutsjoki e.Lindfors S.Ramo Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of NairobiBox 29053-00625 NairobiKenya Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and FisheriesPrivate Bag KabeteNairobiKenya Jomo kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Box 62000-00200NairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUke Jokioinen F1-31600JokioinenFinland Finnish Food Safety Authority eVIRA Mustialankatu 3 00790HelsinkiFinland

Aflatoxins and fumonisins contaminate cereals during pre-and post-harvest *** this study,household or market maize,sorghum,millet,cow or goat milk,and animal feed samples collected from two counties(Makueni and Nandi)of kenya and were analyzed for aflatoxins and fumonisins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmation with high performance liquid *** was a significant difference(Pe levels of aflatoxins between the home grown and market-sourced maize,sorghum,and millet *** Makueni,24.8%of home maize and 44.6%of the market maize samples exceeded the 10 ppb limit for *** all,93%and 90%of the maize samples were contaminated with fumonisins and 34%and 6%exceeded the 2 ppm limit in Makueni and Nandi,respectively;30%and 37%of homegrown sorghum and millet samples exceeded the 10 ppb limit for aflatoxin in Makueni and Nandi,respectively;and 89%and 81%of homegrown millet samples in Makueni and Nandi,respectively,were positive for fumonisins and 22%and 7%in Makueni and Nandi,respectively,exceeded the 2 ppm fumonisins *** total,52%and 87%of the milk samples in Nandi and Makueni,respectively,were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 and 8%of the samples from Makueni exceeded the 50 ppt *** is an urgent need to build capacity among the households on cheap,practical,and effective technologies that would reduce the proportions of food samples contaminated with aflatoxins and fumonisins.

关键词： aflatoxins fumonisins contamination cereals agro-ecological zones kenya.

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exposure of kenyan population to aflatoxins in foods with special reference to Nandi and Makueni counties

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第2期1卷 131-137页

作者： e.k.kang’ethe M.Gatwiri A.J.Sirma e.O.Ouko C.k.Mburugu-Musoti P.M.kitala G.J.Nduhiu J.G.Nderitu J.k.Mungatu V.Hietaniemi V.Joutsjoki H.J.korhonen Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyNairobiKenya Jomo kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology NairobiKenya Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories KabetePrivate Bag KabeteNairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKEJokioinenFinland

Aflatoxins cause acute and chronic health and production effects in humans and animals,*** study reports on the exposure of the kenyan population to the two mycotoxins in two counties(Nandi and Makueni)using children younger than 5 years as the proxy.A questionnaire was administered,which captured knowledge of the incidences of acute aflatoxin poisoning,food consumption *** of aflatoxin in samples of urine,breast milk,maize,sorghum,and millet was done using ceLISA and *** and sorghum are used in the weaning formula of *** difference in consumption of maize-and sorghum-based diets in children between younger than 1 and between 1 and 5 years was significant with P=0.037 and P=0.002,respectively,in Nandi and *** children younger than 5 years,the consumption of maize ranged from 0.1 to 0.25 kg per person per day in Nandi and Makueni with an aflatoxin exposure rate of 0.011 and 0.49μg per kg body weight(bwt)per day,*** exposure to aflatoxin through milk for children younger than 5 years was 4×10^(−4) and 1×10^(−4)μg per kg bwt per day in Makueni and Nandi,*** exposure of nursing children through breast milk was 6×10^(−3) and 1×10^(−6)μg per kg bwt per day in Makueni and Nandi,*** younger than 30 months in Makueni had 1.4 times higher levels of aflatoxin M1(AFM1)in urine than those of the same age in *** stunting and severe stunting rates in Makueni and Nandi were 28.7%,18.5%and 30.7%,16.5%,***,there is need for urgent mitigation measures,a constant surveillance program,strict regulations,and awareness creation directed at poor households to reduce dietary exposure to mycotoxins.

关键词： Aflatoxins Contamination exposure kenya.

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exploration of chromene-based BioAIegens

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 47-48页

作者： Fritz e.kühn Department of Chemistry&Catalysis Research Center School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich

Photoemission efficiency is usually higher in solution than in solid *** compounds however, display a reverse behavior. Such a behavior is called aggregation-induced emission(AIe).

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Characteristics of the crack tip field in high-speed railway tunnel linings under train-induced aerodynamic shockwaves

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Underground Space 2024年第5期18卷 199-217页

作者： Yi-kang Liu Yu-Ling Wang e Deng Yi-Qing Ni Wei-Chao Yang Wai-kei Ao School of Civil engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China National Rail Transit electrification and Automation engineering Technology Research Center(Hong kong Branch) The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China The Hong kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China National engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology Changsha 410075China

High-speed railway tunnels in various countries have continuously reported accidents of vault falling concrete *** the concrete block falling occurs,serious consequences follow,and traffic safety may be *** aerodynamic shockwave evolves from the initial compression wave may be an important inducement causing the tunnel lining cracks to grow and form falling concrete blocks.A joint calculation framework is established based on ANSYS Fluent,ABAQUS,and FRANC3D for calculating the crack tip field under the aerodynamic *** intensification effect of aerodynamic shockwaves in the crack is revealed,and the evolution characteristics of the crack tip field and the influence factors of stress intensity factor(SIF)are *** show that(1)the aerodynamic shockwave intensifies after entering the crack,resulting in more significant pressure in the crack than the input *** maximum pressure of the inclined and longitudinal cracks is higher than the corresponding values of the circumferential crack,respectively.(2)The maximum SIF of the circumferential,inclined,and longitudinal crack appears at 0.5,0.68,and 0.78 times the crack front *** maximum SIF of the circumferential crack is higher than that of the inclined and longitudinal *** possibility of crack growth of the circumferential crack is the highest under aerodynamic shockwaves.(3)The influence of train speed on the SIF of the circumferential crack is more than 40%.When the train speed,crack depth,and crack length change,the change of pressure in the crack is the direct cause of the change of SIF.

关键词： Falling concrete blocks Tunnel lining cracks Aerodynamic shockwave Intensification effect Crack tip field Stress intensity factor

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emission colour tuning in kLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)phosphor

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Journal of Rare earths 2024年第1期42卷 57-65,I0002页

作者： Janani k Gayathri e Vijayatha V Ramasubramanian S Thiyagarajan P Department of Science and Humanities Nehru Institute of TechnologyKaliapuramThirumalayampalayamCoimbatoreIndia Department of Sciences Amrita School of Physical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Department of Physics Anna UniversityChennaiIndia

kLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)(Ln=Y,Yb,Gd)phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction *** each of the Yb^(3+)/er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)/Ho^(3+)co-doped phosphors independently,phase confirmation and morphological examination were accomplished using the X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscope analysis.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows the charge state and existence of lanthanides and *** luminescence emissions of green and red colour were detected for the synthesized *** changes in the upconverted emission intensities and colour output pertaining to the change of the lanthanide host matrix along with dopants were investigated for the prepared *** the upconversion luminescence,erbium-doped samples exhibit a predominance of red emission while holmium-doped samples display a prevalence of green *** rare-earth er/Ho doped kYbF4shows strong red emission compared to other ***_(4):Yb,er/Ho exhibits relatively significant green upconve rsion emissions,while Yb,er-doped kGdF_(4)host displays a 10-fold increase in green/red emission ratio with an increase in the input power of 20-780 *** photoluminescence studies and decay curve analysis were carried out using UV light excitation for the developed phosphors.A higher lifetime of 2.2 ms was measured for the downshifting red emission in the Ho doped kYbF_(4)*** study suggests a potential for colour tunability in the upconversion and downshifting emissions through host modifications to the fluoride phosphor.

关键词： Rare earths energy transfer upconversion Downshifting Colour coordinates

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Novel Perovskite Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers embedded with Nanocatalysts for Highly efficient and Durable electrodes in Direct CO_(2) electrolysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 214-230页

作者： Akromjon Akhmadjonov kyung Taek Bae kang Taek Lee Department of Mechanical engineering KAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea kAIST Graduate School of Green Growth and Sustainability Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effec-tive utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO_(2) reduction reactions( CO_(2)RRs)in solid oxide elec-trolysis cells(SOeCs).However,practical appli-cation of nanofiber-based electrodes faces chal-lenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense *** tackle this challenge,a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode,La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.15)Fe_(0.8)Pd_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(H-LSCFP),is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning *** consecutive treatment in 100% H_(2) and CO_(2) at 700°C,LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface,enhancing CO_(2) *** SOeC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm^(-2) in CO_(2) at 800°C and 1.5 V,setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based *** twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO_(2)*** present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure,paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO_(2)-SOeCs.

关键词： Nanofibers Fuel electrodes Digital twinning CO_(2)reduction reaction Solid oxide electrolysis cells

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enhanced quantum resources via two distant atom-cavity systems under the influence of atomic dissipation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 62-73页

作者： M Setodeh kheirabady M k Tavassoly M Rafeie e Ghasemian Laser and Optics Group Faculty of PhysicsYazd UniversityYazd 89195-741Iran Department of electrical engineering Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data SciencePersian Gulf UniversityBushehrIran

Quantum resources such as entanglement and coherence are the holy grail for modern quantum technologies. Although the unwanted environmental effects tackle quantum information processing tasks, suprisingly these key quantum resources may be protected and even enhanced by the implementation of some special hybrid open quantum systems. Here, we aim to show how a dissipative atom-cavity-system can be accomplished to generate enhanced quantum *** do so, we consider a couple of dissipative cavities, where each one contains two effective two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode cavity field. In practical applications, a classical laser field may be applied to drive each atomic subsystem. After driving the system, a Bell-state measurement is performed on the output of the system to quantify the entanglement and coherence. The obtained results reveal that the remote entanglement and coherence between the atoms existing inside the two distant cavities are not only enhanced, but can be stabilized, even under the action of dissipation. In contrast, the local entanglement between two atoms inside each dissipative cavity attenuates due to the presence of unwanted environmental ***, the local coherence may show the same behavior as the remote ***, the system provides the steady state entanglement in various interaction regimes,particularly in the strong atom-cavity coupling and with relatively large detuning. More interestingly, our numerical analyses demonstrate that the system may show a memory effect due to the fact that the death and revival of the entanglement take place during the interaction. Our proposed model may find potential applications for the implementation of long distance quantum networks. In particular, it facilitates the distribution of quantum resources between the nodes of large-scale quantum networks for secure communication.

关键词： remote entanglement and coherence atomic dissipation steady state entanglement Bell-statemeasurement

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Continuous Lithium-Ion extraction From Seawater and Mine Water With a Fuel Cell System and Ceramic Membranes

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energy & environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 254-261页

作者： Cansu kök Lei Wang Jean Gustavo A.Ruthes Antje Quade Matthew e.Suss Volker Presser INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2266123Saarbr¨uckenGermany Department of Materials Science&engineering Saarland UniversityCampus D2266123Saarbr¨uckenGermany Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 217489GreifswaldGermany Faculty of Mechanical engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel Wolfson Department of Chemical engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel Grand Technion energy Program Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel Saarene–Saarland Center for energy Materials and Sustainability Campus C4266123Saarbr¨uckenGermany

The demand for electronic devices that utilize lithium is steadily increasing in this rapidly advancing technological *** high-purity lithium in an environmentally friendly way is challenging by using commercialized ***,we propose the first fuel cell system for continuous lithium-ion extraction using a lithium superionic conductor membrane and advanced *** fuel cell system for extracting lithium-ion has demonstrated a twofold increase in the selectivity of Li^(+)/Na^(+)while producing *** data show that the fuel cell with a titania-coated electrode achieves 95%lithium-ion purity while generating 10.23 Wh of energy per gram of *** investigation revealed that using atomic layer deposition improved the electrode's uniformity,stability,and electrocatalytic *** 2000 cycles determined by cyclic voltammetry,the electrode preserved its stability.

关键词： atomic layer deposition cation selectivity electrochemical lithium-ion extraction fuel cell

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Changes in structural plasticity of hippocampal neurons in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 398-414页

作者： Poornima D.e.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Sohi kang Joong-Sun kim Sung-Ho kim Hongbing Wang Taekyun Shin Changjong Moon Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR ProgramChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science Institute of Health SciencesCollege of MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52727Republic of Korea Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Structural plasticity is critical for the functional diversity of neurons in the *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(eAe)is the most commonly used model for multiple sclerosis(MS),successfully mimicking its key pathological features(inflammation,demyelination,axonal loss,and gliosis)and clinical symptoms(motor and non-motordysfunctions).Recentstudieshave demonstrated the importance of synaptic plasticity in eAe *** the present study,we investigated the features of behavioral alteration and hippocampal structural plasticity in eAe-affected mice in the early phase(11 days post-immunization,DPI)and chronic phase(28DPI).eAe-affected mice exhibited hippocampus-related behavioral dysfunction in the open field test during both early and chronic *** complexity was largely affected in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1)and CA3 apical and dentate gyrus(DG)subregions of the hippocampus during the chronic phase,while this effect was only noted in the CA1 apical subregion in the early ***,dendritic spine density was reduced in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 apical/basal and DG subregions in the early phase of eAe,but only reduced in the DG subregion during the chronic ***,mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines(Il1β,Tnfα,and Ifnγ)and glial cell markers(Gfap and Cd68)were significantly increased,whereas the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletonassociated protein(ARC)was reduced during the chronic ***,exposure to the aforementioned cytokines in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons reduced dendritic complexity and ARC *** cultures of hippocampal neurons also showed significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(eRk)phosphorylation upon treatment with proinflammatory ***,these results suggest that autoimmune neuroinflammation alters structural plasticity in the hippocampus,possibly through the eRk-ARC pathway,indicating that this alteration may be associated with hi

关键词： Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein Anxiety-like behavior experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Hippocampal dysfunction Neuroinflammation

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