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Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： Jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak Michałgrąt Department of general Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland Department of Medical Microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic *** is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most *** is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular *** microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver *** mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are *** critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis *** increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to ***,alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and ***-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(gLP-1 RAs)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes *** are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic *** mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic ***,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of *** review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the gLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity gastrointestinal microbiota glucagon-like peptide-1 glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

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Investigation of the transformation of organic matter of carbonate deposits of the Semiluksky-Mendymsky horizon under hydrothermal conditions

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 216-223页

作者： S.M.Petrov A.I.Lakhova e.g.Moiseeva A.g.Safiulina Institute of Petroleum Chemistry and Nanotechnologies Kazan National Research Technological University Institute of geology and Oil and gas Technologies Kazan Federal University

The paper presents the results of studies on the transformation of the organic matter of siliceous-clayey carbonate rocks of the Semiluksko-Mendymsky horizon of the Romashkino oil field in a hydrothermal fluid for an hour（with a water-to-rock ratio of 33） at 340℃ and 380℃ and pressu res of 17 and 20 *** a result of hydrothermal treatment,at 340℃ and 17 MPa,based on nitrogen porosimetry and electron microscopy data,transformations of rock-forming minerals in the rock are *** lead to an increase in the volume and average diameter of mesopores in it and the formation of micropores,as well,which improve its filtration *** the same time,the amount of kerogen in the composition of the organic matter decreases and the yield of the petroleum hydrocarbon extract increases,in which,according to the SARA analysis,the content of asphaltenes increases and the content of resins,aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons *** the composition of aroatic hydrocarbons,the proportion of a lkyltri methyl benzenes and dibenzothiophenes increases,phenanthrene homologues appear,and in the composition of saturated hydrocarbons,the amount of iso-structure alkanes decreases relative to the content of linear *** the temperature and pressure of the hydrothermal fluid to 380℃ and 20 MPa increases the degree of kerogen conversion from 12.4% to 23.6%.At the same time,changes occurring in the component composition of petroleum hydrocarbon extracts remains similar to the experiments carried out at 340℃ and 17 MPa;the content of naphthalenes decreases,the content of dibenzothiophenes increases and C11-C17,C19-C22alkyltrimethylbenzenes *** to IR spectroscopy,with increasing temperature and pressure of the hydrothermal fluid the intensity of the absorption bands of the aromatic ring,aliphatic fragments,and oxygen-containing groups increases in resins;the structural-group composition of asphaltenes changes little:aromaticity and the content of condensed

关键词： Carbonate deposits Organic matter Hydrothermal fluid Mobile hydrocarbons

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Pressurized environments directly influence friction and wear of dry steel contacts—Investigations in a novel high fluid pressure tribometer

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1599-1617页

作者： Paul ReICHLe Jakob BARZ georg UMLAUF günter e.M.TOVAR Institute of Interfacial Process engineering and Plasma Technology(IgVP) University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial engineering and Biotechnology(IgB) Stuttgart 70569Germany

To reduce the usage of classical lubricants in deep drawing,a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was ***,a volatile medium is injected under high pressure into the interstice between drawing tool and sheet *** on temperature and pressure,the temporary lubricant may exist in its gaseous or liquid *** this study,a novel high fluid pressure tribometer was designed to investigate the friction and wear of dry steel contacts under comparable conditions like in dry deep ***,a new ball-on-disc tribometer was designed and integrated into a high-pressure *** specifically investigate the effects of different environments(technical air,liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide,nitrogen,argon)at atmospheric and high pressure(0.1 MPa,6 MPa)on tribology,the specimens and all components were operating *** the experiments,the friction was measured *** show that the highest friction occurs in air and the lowest in carbon dioxide *** to the experiments,the wear of the specimens was assessed along with changes in surface chemistry related to tribochemical ***,the tribology of the dry sliding contacts is correlated to changes of the surface *** differences as well as similarities regarding the different fluid environments are *** the results show,the differences between the media used are most pronounced at elevated ***,this work gives clear indications on the suitability of volatile lubricants in dry friction or rather gas lubrication,especially for dry deep drawing.

关键词： dry friction and dry wear gas lubrication carbon dioxide tribo-layer dry metal forming

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Management of early oesophageal cancer:An overview

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1255-1258页

作者： gavin g Calpin Matthew g Davey Noel e Donlon Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D2Ireland Department of Upper gastrointestinal Surgery Beaumont HospitalDublin D09V2N0Ireland

The incidence of esophageal cancer,namely the adenocarcinoma subtype,continues to increase exponentially on an annual *** indolent nature of the disease renders a significant proportion inoperable at first presentation,however,with the increased utilisation of endoscopy,many early lesions are now being identified which are suitable for endotherapeutic *** article details the options available for dealing with early esophageal cancer by endoscopic mean obviating the need for surgery thereby avoiding the potential morbidity and mortality of such intervention.

关键词： esophageal cancer endotherapy endoscopic submucosal resection endoscopic mucosal resection endoscopy

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Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 67-90页

作者： Lena grüter Matthias grünke Department of Rehabilitation and Special education University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

关键词： People with Intellectual Disabilities Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsive Behavior Diagnostics Differential Diagnosis

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Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINgZHI and BOYA

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 96-102页

作者：汪晋辰刘娟娟徐大业 Florian grünauer 郝丽杰刘蕴韬张红霞程鹏鲍威 Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and MicroNano Devices Department of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Physics Consulting Zorneding 85604Germany China Institute of Atomic energy Beijing 102413China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China Center for Neutron Scattering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINgZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research *** Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μSv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic *** materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated ***-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation *** work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be *** enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the *** shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in *** its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.

关键词： neutron scattering cold neutron spectrometer monochromator shielding sandwich shielding structure

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Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： John K Triantafillidis Constantinos g Zografos Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos e Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)Department of Surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical *** seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the *** daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical *** combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment ***,a part of these patients are going to *** recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe *** our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very *** mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal *** appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research *** this

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

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Malargüe Site Remediation: A Successful Solution for Uranium Mill Tailings

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原子能科学技术 2024年

作者： BARARI e DíAZ J g gIOMIA KeMPF R A National Atomic energy Commission Av.Del Libertador 8250 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1429BNP Argentina

Comisión Nacional de energía Atómica(CNeA) has the responsibility for restoring uranium mining facilities once the operations have finished. CNeA, within its environmental Program and in compliance with its legal responsibilities, decides to implement a restoration project for all sites related to the mining and processing of uranium ores. The Malargüe Site is located within the Province of Mendoza in the city of Malargüe. It is the first site to successfully complete its remediation. The activities consist of relocation of tailings to an engineering repository. The tailings management(encapsulation) and rehabilitation of the area was finished in June 2017. The remediation alternative for the ore tailings was selected after conducting comparative studies and submitted the project to the society for consideration. The objective of the encapsulation of the mineral tails is to isolate them from the environment, also proceeding with the decontamination and rehabilitation of the area(landscaping,post-closure monitoring and 20 years monitoring period). encapsulation consisted of the construction of a containment cell for the mine tailings, to isolate them and prevent pollutants from entering the environment through the transfer routes. To clean the impacted areas, the soil was removed, it was incorporated into the encapsulation, and the filling was carried out with natural soils from the *** prevents radon transfer to the environment, as 222Ra is an alpha emitter with a half-life of four days, which produces its own radioactive progeny. Radon progeny are solids, and when a 222Ra nucleus emits an alpha particle into the air, the resulting 218Po nucleus, momentarily electrically charged, adheres to any dust particle. Remediation prevents the discharge into the air containing radon and also containing dust particles charged with intensely radioactive radon progeny. The tasks mentioned make it possible to decrease radon emanation, reduce radiological risks to the

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The Influence of Biomass Cokes on the Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of MgO-C Refractories

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China's Refractories 2024年第3期33卷 9-14页

作者： Patrick geHRe Magzhan KAPeSSOV Stefan gUHL Martin grÄBNeR Christos g.ANeZIRIS Institute of Ceramics Refractories and Composite MaterialsTU Bergakademie FreibergFreiberg 09599Germany Institute of energy Process engineering and Chemical engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergFreiberg 09599Germany

In this study,biomass cokes from sunflower seed hull(SFSH)and wood pellets(WP)were added to a MgO-C batch(3 mass%C)to replace 1.1 mass%of *** hardening and carbonizing the samples,the influence of the biomass cokes on the microstructure and thermal shock resistance was *** replacement of flaky graphite by carbonized WP and SFSH reduced the bulk density and increased the apparent porosity after pressing and carbonization,but the degree was only *** was confirmed by SeM investigations,where the biomass-coke containing samples exhibited a microstructure with a higher amount of pores between the fine MgO *** thermal shock resistance of the porous wood pellet coke containing MgO-C is at the same level as the reference sample but not superior to it.

关键词： MgO-C carbon biomass microstructure thermal shock

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Potential of Bamboo Species guadua trinii and guadua angustifolia for Nanocellulose Production

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1541-1555页

作者： Agatha e.R.Prado gárate Fernando e.Felissia María Cristina Area Teresa Suirezs María evangelina Vallejos Círculo de Investigación del Bambú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina(UNALM)Lima15026Perú Instituto de Materiales de Misiones(IMAM) Universidad Nacional de Misiones(UNaM)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias ExactasQuímicas y Naturales(FCEQYN)Programa de Celulosa y Papel(PROCyP)Posadas3300Argentina Instituto de Materiales de Misiones(IMAM) Universidad Nacional de Misiones(UNaM)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Forestales(FCF)Eldorado3380Argentina

Non-traditional lignocellulosic materials are a significant resource for producing high-value products,including *** work studied the nanocellulose obtention from chemical pulps of the two fast-growing bamboo species,guadua trinii,and guadua *** pulps were produced by soda-anthraquinone(S)pulping from both autohydrolysis-pretreated(H)and unpretreated bamboo ***-pretreated(SHP)and unpretreated soda-anthraquinone(AQ)(SP)pulps were characterized by yield,Kappa number,alpha,beta,and gamma cellulose,degree of polymerization,water retention value,and *** nanocellulose was produced by a sequential chemical oxidation treatment(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl,TeMPO reagent)and mechanical *** was characterized by carboxylic group content and *** results revealed that autohydrolysis pretreatment resulted in a higher hemicelluloses extraction in *** contrast,the pulping yield of unpretreated samples was higher for ***,and the soda-AQ pulps from this species exhibited better delignification than the autohydrolysis-pretreated *** crystallinity index values of the obtained pulps were high(>80%),and the alpha-cellulose contents were *** viscosities of the aqueous nanocellulose suspensions were higher for the nanocellulose solutions obtained from the unpretreated soda-AQ ***,nanocellulose from *** unpretreated soda-AQ pulps had a higher rate of carboxylic *** results of this work are significant in assessing the potential of both bamboo species as a source of high-value products within the biorefinery framework because the viscosities of the aqueous nanocellulose suspensions depend on the size and shape of *** has significant importance for industrial unit operations and potential applications.

关键词： Natural fiber guadua angustifolia guadua trinii soda-anthraquinone pulp nanocellulose

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