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FGM-SPCL:Open-Set Recognition Network for Medical Images Based on Fine-Grained Data Mixture and Spatial Position Constraint Loss

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2024年第4期33卷 1023-1033页

作者： Ruru ZHANG Haihong e Lifei YUAN Yanhui WANG Lifei WANG Meina SONG School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications engineering Research Center of Information Networks Ministry of Education Hebei eye Hospital

The current intelligent auxiliary diagnosis models all follow the closed-set recognition setting. After the model is deployed online, the input data is often not completely controlled. Diagnosing an untrained disease as a known category would lead to serious medical malpractice. Therefore, realizing the open-set recognition is significant to the safe operation of the intelligent auxiliary diagnosis model. Currently, most open-set recognition models are studied for natural images, and it is very challenging to obtain clear and concise decision boundaries between known and unknown classes when applied to fine-grained medical images. We propose an open-set recognition network for medical images based on fine-grained data mixture and spatial position constraint loss(FGM-SPCL) in this *** the fine graininess of medical images and the diversity of unknown samples, we propose a fine-grained data mixture(FGM) method to simulate unknown data by performing a mixing operation on known data to expand the coverage of unknown data difficulty levels. In order to obtain a concise and clear decision boundary, we propose a spatial position constraint loss(SPCL) to control the position distribution of prototypes and samples in the feature space and maximize the distance between known classes and unknown classes. We validate on a private ophthalmic OCT dataset, and extensive experiments and analyses demonstrate that FGM-SPCL outperforms state-of-the-art models.

关键词： Analytical models Fine-grained image recognition Prototypes Aerospace electronics Spatial databases Robustness Data models

Global black soil distribution

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2024年第2期11卷 271-281页

作者： Yuxin TONG Marcos e.ANGeLINI Yusuf YIGINI Isabel LUOTTO Global Soil Partnership Land and Water DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome 00153Italy

Black soils, characterized by their thick, dark horizons enriched with organic matter, epitomize highly fertile soils. However, their fertility precipitates intense land use, engendering challenges such as soil erosion, nutrient depletion, pollution, compaction, salinization, and acidification. Notably, these soils are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to substantial losses in soil organic carbon. Despite these challenges, black soils are pivotal for global food production. This paper delineates the implementation of digital soil mapping for the global cartography of black soils and human interference on these soils. Predominantly distributed in eastern europe, Central and eastern Asia, and North and South America, black soils cover an approximate area of 725 Mha, with the Russian Federation,Kazakhstan, and China collectively have over half of this area. Agriculturally,these soils underpin significant proportions of global crop yields, producing 66% of sunflower, 30% of wheat, and 26% of potato outputs. The organic carbon content in the upper 30 cm of these soils is estimated at 56 *** management of black soils is imperative for ensuring food security and addressing climate change on a global scale.

关键词： Black soils distribution map food security soil organic carbon

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Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-5页

作者： Chen Shu Rodewald Lance e. Heng Du Anna Tang Shenglan ARC Centre of excellence in Population Ageing Research (CePAR) University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of the National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Immunization Program China CDC Beijing China China Country Office Bill &amp Melinda Gates Foundation Beijing China Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham NC USA Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University No. Duke Avenue Kunshan Jiangsu China SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUS Singapore Singapore

Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China’s National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy. This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research *** findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage, particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and rotavirus vaccines. Key findings include: (i) The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid, large-scale immunization efforts, suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements; (ii) efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access; (iii) The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles; (iv) Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage, especially for remote areas and marginalized populations; (v) Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’ knowledge, health workers’ financial incentives, and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates; (vi) Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and g

关键词： National Immunization Program New vaccine introduction Universal vaccine coverage Health system strengthening

Alzheimer's disease and low-dose radiation therapy:A new hope

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2024年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Neal e.Dunlap Robert P.Friedland Lu Cai Department of Radiation Oncology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Neurology The University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA

The concept of low-dose radiation(LDR)-induced hormetic responses was initially observed approximately 70 years ago and systematically reviewed along with the discovery of LDR-induced adaptive responses in a cytogenetic in vitro study in *** the end of the 1990s,discussions regarding the potential applications of LDRinduced hormesis and adaptive responses for preventing or treating chronic diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)had taken *** 2016,reports on radiotherapy for the subjects with AD and for genetic AD model mice were ***,several preclinical studies with animal models of AD and clinical studies in AD subjects were conducted.A significant milestone was achieved with the online availability of a new Systematic Review based on qualified publications from these preclinical and clinical *** mini-review provides a concise historical introduction to LDR-induced hormesis and adaptive responses with discussion of AD radiotherapy with either LDR or relatively high dose *** of this Systematic Review cover promising outcomes,challenges,and new questions,followed by discussion of potential mechanisms.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Low-dose radiation Radiation adaptive response Radiation hormesis

The 2024 Compendium of Physical Activities and its expansion

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 1-2,F0003页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann erik A.Willis Barbara e.Ainsworth Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

First developed 30 years ago,the Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was created to provide a standardized way of measuring and classifying specific physical activities(PAs),allowing researchers and health professionals to assess the energy expenditure and health benefits associated with different PA.1Since its inception,the Compendium has been widely utilized and recognized as a fundamental PA and health resource.

关键词： has utilized classify

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eco-toxicity and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Burullus Lake in egypt

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 460-468页

作者： Hanan e Osman Mohamed H e el-Morsy Hazem T Abd el-Hamid Department of Biology Faculty of Applied ScienceUmm Al-Qura UniversityMecca 24382Saudi Arabia Deanship of Scientific Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 24372Saudi Arabia National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries(NIOF) Cairo 11865Egypt Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are ubiquitous environmental contaminants of growing concern due to their potential ecological and human health *** study presents a comprehensive assessment of PAHs contamination in the surface sediments of Burullus Lake,a vital and second largest delta lake in *** aim was to evaluate the eco-toxicity and potential health risks associated with the presence of these *** seven sediment samples were collected from various drains in the southern part of Burullus *** extraction method was employed to extract PAHs(16PAHs)from the sediment ***,target compounds were located using *** results showed that samples contained PAHs levels ranging from 0.038×10^(-6)to 0.459×10^(-6),which is considered heavily polluted by the european standard for PAHs ***,there was no apparent source of PAHs in the elKhashah drain or the Brinbal Canal,as HPLC found none of the *** most prevalent compound in sediment samples along the study area was *** diagnostic indices in the present study indicated that the hydrocarbons in the region originated from pyrolytic and man-made sources along the drains of Burullus *** principal component analysis(PCA)and diagnostic ratios revealed that coal combustion and pyrolytic sources were responsible for the PAHs contamination in the surface *** non-carcinogenic risk(HI),which is the product of the HQs for the adult and child populations,respectively,was *** values under 1,therefore,demonstrated that they had no carcinogenic effects on human *** and MeQs in the sediments of Burullus Lake do not have a cancer-causing impact on *** the safety of nearby wildlife,aquatic life,and people,all activities that raise petroleum hydrocarbon levels in Burullus Lake must be adequately regulated and *** to the ecological risk assessment,there is little chance that PAHs will be found

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Diagnostic indices Toxicity Delta lake sediment Burullus Lake Human health risk Aquatic ecosystem HPLC Coal combustion

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Cloud Datacenter Selection Using Service Broker Policies:A Survey

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 1-41页

作者： Salam Al-e’mari Yousef Sanjalawe Ahmad Al-Daraiseh Mohammad Bany Taha Mohammad Aladaileh Department of Information Security Faculty of ITUniversity of PetraAmman11196Jordan Department of Cybersecurity School of ITAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan Department of Computer Science School of ITAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence School of ITAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan

Amid the landscape of Cloud Computing(CC),the Cloud Datacenter(DC)stands as a conglomerate of physical servers,whose performance can be hindered by bottlenecks within the realm of proliferating CC services.A linchpin in CC’s performance,the Cloud Service Broker(CSB),orchestrates DC *** to adroitly route user requests with suitable DCs transforms the CSB into a bottleneck,endangering service *** tackle this,deploying an efficient CSB policy becomes imperative,optimizing DC selection to meet stringent Qualityof-Service(QoS)*** numerous CSB policies,their implementation grapples with challenges like costs and *** article undertakes a holistic review of diverse CSB policies,concurrently surveying the predicaments confronted by current *** foremost objective is to pinpoint research gaps and remedies to invigorate future policy ***,it extensively clarifies various DC selection methodologies employed in CC,enriching practitioners and researchers *** synthetic analysis,the article systematically assesses and compares myriad DC selection *** analytical insights equip decision-makers with a pragmatic framework to discern the apt technique for their *** summation,this discourse resoundingly underscores the paramount importance of adept CSB policies in DC selection,highlighting the imperative role of efficient CSB policies in optimizing CC *** emphasizing the significance of these policies and their modeling implications,the article contributes to both the general modeling discourse and its practical applications in the CC domain.

关键词： Cloud computing cloud service broker datacenter selection quality-of-service user request

Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： John K Triantafillidis Constantinos G Zografos Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos e Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)Department of Surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical *** seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the *** daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical *** combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment ***,a part of these patients are going to *** recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe *** our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very *** mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal *** appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research *** this

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

Orbit Weighting Scheme in the Context of Vector Space Information Retrieval

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1347-1379页

作者： Ahmad Ababneh Yousef Sanjalawe Salam Fraihat Salam Al-e’mari Hamzah Alqudah Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information TechnologyAmerican University of MadabaAmman11821Jordan Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Information TechnologyAmerican University of MadabaAmman11821Jordan Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) College of Engineering and Information TechnologyAjman UniversityP.O.Box 346Ajman13306United Arab Emirates Information Security Department Faculty of Information TechnologyUniversity of PetraAmman11196Jordan Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Information TechnologyAmerican University of MadabaAmman11821Jordan

This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schemes like tf-idf and *** conventional methods often struggle with accurately capturing document relevance,leading to inefficiencies in both retrieval performance and index size *** proposes a dynamic weighting mechanism that evaluates the significance of terms based on their orbital position within the vector space,emphasizing term relationships and distribution patterns overlooked by existing *** research focuses on evaluating OWS’s impact on model accuracy using Information Retrieval metrics like Recall,Precision,InterpolatedAverage Precision(IAP),andMeanAverage Precision(MAP).Additionally,we assessOWS’s effectiveness in reducing the inverted index size,crucial for model *** compare OWS-based retrieval models against others using different schemes,including tf-idf variations and *** reveal OWS’s superiority,achieving a 54%Recall and 81%MAP,and a notable 38%reduction in the inverted index *** highlights OWS’s potential in optimizing retrieval processes and underscores the need for further research in this underrepresented area to fully leverage OWS’s capabilities in information retrieval methodologies.

关键词： Information retrieval orbit weighting scheme semantic text analysis Tf-Idf weighting scheme vector space model