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experimental measurements of gamma-photon production and estimation of electron/positron production on the PeTAL laser facility

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第5期9卷 32-47页

作者： F.Brun L.Ribotte G.Boutoux X.davoine P.e.Masson-Laborde Y.Sentoku N.Iwata N.Blanchot d.Batani I.Lantuéjoul L.Lecherbourg B.Rosse C.Rousseaux B.Vauzour d.Raffestin e.d’humières X.Ribeyre Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications UMR 5107Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA33405 TalenceFrance CeA DAMCESTAF-33116 Le BarpFrance CeA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance CeA LMCEUniversitéParis-Saclay91680 Bruyères-le-ChâtelFrance Institute of Laser engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

This article reports the first measurements of high-energy photons produced with the high-intensity PeTawatt Aquitaine Laser(PeTAL)*** experiments were performed during the commissioning of the *** laser had an energy of about 400 J,an intensity of 8×10^(18)W cm^(−2),and a pulse.duration of 660 fs(FWHM).It was shot at a 2 mm-thick solid tungsten *** high-energy photons were produced mainly from the bremsstrahlung process for relativistic electrons accelerated inside a plasma generated on the front side of the *** paper reports measurements of electrons,protons and *** electrons up to35 MeV with a few-MeV temperature were recorded by a spectrometer,called SeSAMe(SpectreÉlectronS Angulaire MoyenneÉnergie).K-and L-shells were clearly detected by a photon spectrometer called SPeCTIX(Spectromètre PetalàCristal en TransmIssion pour le rayonnnement X).High-energy photons were.diagnosed by CRACC-X(Cassette.de RAdiographie Centre Chambre-rayonnement X),a bremsstrahlung *** cannon analysis is strongly depe.dent on the hypothesis adopted for the spectral *** shapes can exhibit similar reproductions of the experimental *** eliminate.depe.dence on the shape hypothesis and to facilitate analysis of the.data,simulations of the interaction were *** model the mechanisms involved,a simulation chain including hydrodynamic,particle-in-cell,and Monte Carlo simulations was *** simulations model the preplasma generated at the front of the target by the PeTAL laser prepulse,the acceleration of electrons inside the plasma,the generation of MeV-range photons from these electrons,and the response of the.detector impacted by the energetic photon *** this work enabled reproduction of the experimental *** high-energy photons produced have a large emission angle and an exponential distribution *** addition to the analysis of the photon spectra,positron production was also ***,if high

关键词： process. positron hypothesis

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enhanced ion acceleration using the high-energy petawatt PeTAL laser

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2021年第5期6卷 62-79页

作者： d.Raffestin L.Lecherbourg I.Lantúejoul B.Vauzour P.e.Masson-Laborde X.davoine N.Blanchot J.L.dubois X.Vaisseau e.d’humières L.Gremillet A.duval Ch.Reve.din B.Rosse G.Boutoux J.e.ducret Ch.Rousseaux V.Tikhonchuk d.Batani CeA DAMCESTAF-33116 Le BarpFrance Centre Laser Intenses et Applications Universit´e de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEAUMR 510733405 TalenceFrance CeA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Universit´e Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruy`eres-le-ChˆatelFrance CeA DRFIRFUGANILF-14000 CaenFrance eLI-Beamlines research Centre 25241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic

The high-energy petawatt PeTAL laser system was commissioned at CeA’s Laser M´egajoule facility during the 2017–2018 *** paper reports in detail on the first experimental results obtained at PeTAL on energetic particle and photon generation from solid foil targets,with special emphasis on proton *** a moderately relativistic(er intensity,proton energies as high as 51 MeV have been measured significantly above those expected from preliminary numerical simulations using idealized interaction *** hydrodynamic and kinetic simulations,taking into account the actual laser parameters,show the importance of the energetic electron production in the exte.ded low-density preplasma created by the laser *** hot-electron generation occurs through two main pathways:(i)stimulated backscattering of the incoming laser light,triggering stochastic electron heating in the resulting counterpropagating laser beams;(ii)laser filamentation,le.ding to local intensifications of the laser fie.d and plasma channeling,both of which te.d to boost the electron ***,owing to the large(∼100μm)waist and picosecond duration of the PeTAL beam,the hot electrons can sustain a high electrostatic fie.d at the target rear side for an exte.ded period,thus enabling efficient target normal sheath acceleration of the rear-side *** particle.distributions predicted by our numerical simulations are consistent with the measurements.

关键词： acceleration high energy

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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen emmanuel d’humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-eMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CeA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fie.ds driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic fie.d generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk te.ds to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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Long-term tre.ds in the abundance and bre.ding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine ecosystem Monitoring Program

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 132-140页

作者： Mariana A.JUÁres AnahíM.SILVeSTRO Bre.da C.ALFONSO M.Mercedes SANTOS departamento Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA)Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICeT) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Laboratorios Anexos Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1904AMAArgentina INedeS(CONICeT-UNLu) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA) Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina

In this work,we report long-term tre.ds in the abundance and bre.ding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/*** yearly count data of bre.ding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of bre.ding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies ***,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining ***,the index of bre.ding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to bre.ding pairs,exhibited no apparent tre.d throughout the study ***,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under *** the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average bre.ding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the.declining tre.d observed,at least in the Stranger Point and esperanza ***,we cannot rule out local effects during the bre.ding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.

关键词： long-term monitoring Adélie penguin bre.ding pairs chicks crèched bre.ding success population tre.ds

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Converting TRex-RGB green-channel data to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Methodology and initial results

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.M.Gillies e.Spanswick e.F.donovan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently deployed Transition Region explorer(TRex)-RGB(red-green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is designed to capture“true color”images of the aurora and *** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TRex-RGB camera is usually dominated by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TRex mission does not include a specific 557.7 nm imager and is designed to use the RGB green-channel data as a proxy for the 557.7 nm *** this study,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or formula linking the RGB green-channel data to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated measurement of green-line auroras from the TRex spectrograph,and(2)through a comparison with the modeled green-line intensity according to realistic electron precipitation flux measurements from low-earth-orbit satellites,with the aid of an auroral transport *** demonstrate the procedures and provide initial results for the TRex-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and Lucky Lake *** RGB response is found to be *** conversion ratios or formulas between RGB green-channel data and the green-line auroral intensity are given and can be applied immediately by TRex-RGB data *** methodology established in this study will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILe ASI mission,which will adopt a similar RGB camera system in its deployment.

关键词： TRex RGB green-line aurora auroral transport model

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The multi-impurity system in CdSe nanoplatelets:electronic structure and thermodynamic properties

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 165-173页

作者： d A Baghdasaryan V A Harutynyan e M Kazaryan H A Sarkisyan Russian-Armenian University H Emin 1230051YerevanArmenia Institute of Applied Problems of Physics 25 Nersisyan St0014YerevanArmenia

This paper theoretically studies the impurity states and the effects of impurity concentration and configuration on the optical,electrical,and statistical properties of CdSe nanoplatelets(NPLs).An image charge-based model of electron-impurity interaction is *** charge-carrier energy spectra and corresponding wave functions depe.ding on the impurity number and configuration are *** electron binding energies are calculated for different NPL *** is shown that the image charge-based interaction potential that arises due to the.dielectric constants mismatch is much stronger than the interaction potential that does not take such a mismatch into ***,it is demonstrated that the binding energies are increasing with the number of *** calculate the canonical partition function using the energy levels of the electron,which in turn is used to obtain the mean energy,heat capacity,and entropy of the non-interacting electron *** thermodynamic properties of the non-interacting electron gas that depe.d on the geometric parameters of the NPL,impurity number,configuration,and temperature are studied.

关键词： nanoplateletes thermodynamic properties impurity states

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Performance analysis of deep borehole heat exchangers for decarbonization of heating systems

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deep Underground Science and engineering 2024年第3期3卷 349-357页

作者： Andreas e.d.Lund department of electrical engineering and Automation Aalto UniversityEspooFinland

Meeting the climate change mitigation targets will require a substantial shift from fossil to clean fuels in the heating *** pumps with deep borehole exchangers are a promising solution to reduce *** the thermal behavior of deep borehole exchangers(dBHes)ranging from 1 to 2 km was analyzed for various heat flow profiles.A strong correlation between thermal energy extraction and power output from dBHes was found,also influenced by the heating profile *** operating time over the year typically resulted in higher energy production,while shorter one yie.ded higher average thermal power output,highlighting the importance of the choice of heating strategy and system design for optimal performance of *** breaks in operation for regenerating the borehole,for example,with waste heat,proved to be favorable for the performance yie.ding an overall heat output close to the same as with continuous extraction of *** results demonstrate the usefulness of deep boreholes for dense urban areas with less available *** the heat production from a single.dBHe in Finnish conditions ranges from half up to even a few GWh a year,the technology is best suitable for larger heat loads.

关键词： clean energy deep borehole exchangers energy transition geothermal heat ground-coupled heat pump

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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.d.James J.e.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTeCs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have exte.ded our understanding of mTeC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTeCs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

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Simple collective model for nuclear chiral mode

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 1-5页

作者： R.V.Jolos e.A.Kolganova d.R.Khamitova Joint Institute for Nuclear research 141980 DubnaMoscow regionRussia dubna State University 141982 DubnaMoscow RegionRussia

A simple semi-analytical collective model that takes into account the limitations of the variation interval of the collective variable is suggested to describe the chiral dynamics in triaxial odd−odd nuclei with a fixed particle−hole *** collective Hamiltonian is constructed with the potential energy obtained using the postulated ansatz for the wave function symmetric with respect to chiral *** diagonalizing the collective Hamiltonian the wave functions of the lowest states are obtained and the evolution of the energy splitting of the chiral doublets in transition from chiral vibration to chiral rotation regime is demonstrated.

关键词： collective model nuclear chiral

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The 2024 Compe.dium of Physical Activities and its expansion

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 1-2,F0003页

作者： Stephen d.Herrmann erik A.Willis Barbara e.Ainsworth Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

First developed 30 years ago,the Compe.dium of Physical Activities(Compe.dium)was created to provide a standardized way of measuring and classifying specific physical activities(PAs),allowing researchers and health professionals to assess the energy expe.diture and health benefits associated with different PA.1Since its inception,the Compe.dium has been widely utilized and recognized as a fundamental PA and health resource.

关键词： has utilized classify

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