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强化期关怀:提高治疗依从性

国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第3期4卷 132-135页

作者： G.Williams e.Alarcon S.Jittimanee M.Walusimbi M.Sebek e.berga T.S.Villa 张秀梅王雪静 International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease International Council of Nurses Ministry of Public Health BangkokThailand Ministry of Health KampalaUganda KNCV The HagueThe Netherlands State Agency of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases RigaLatvia Sao Paulo University

本章关注的标准是尽可能提高患者坚持按处方服药的依从性。很多人得知自己患了结核病时都非常震惊,甚至有些人拒绝接受这一事实,而另一部分人会努力了解病情和所得到的治疗。他们的反应取决于很多因素,其中包括:文化信仰,价值观,以往的... 详细信息

本章关注的标准是尽可能提高患者坚持按处方服药的依从性。很多人得知自己患了结核病时都非常震惊,甚至有些人拒绝接受这一事实,而另一部分人会努力了解病情和所得到的治疗。他们的反应取决于很多因素,其中包括:文化信仰,价值观,以往的经历,以及对该病的认识。尽管结核病在体弱人群中多发,但任何人都可能患病。对患者来讲,重要的是他们能够根据个自的情况讨论他们关心的事情。治愈结核病的关键在于患者能够得到满疗程、不间断的治疗,而这样的治疗只能通过患者和医疗服务机构双方共同努力才能够完成。必须有一个用来追踪未按约定接受治疗的患者(未按时取药患者)的系统。通过使用灵活的、创新的和个体化的方法,将获得对患者追踪的最大成功。患者已经得到的治疗和关怀必将影响他/她以后是否愿意坚持治疗。在任何情况下,应强制执行一个对未按时取药患者的追踪系统。但是,如果患者的失约率较高(超过10%),则任何追踪系统将无济于事,而必须检查整个服务系统。

关键词：关怀最佳实践治疗依从性医务工作者

关怀结核病患者最佳实践连载指南之六艾滋病合并结核病病人的艾滋病病毒检测与关怀

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第2期4卷 82-86页

作者： G.Williams e.Alarcon S.Jittimanee M.Walusimbi M.Sebek e.berga T.S.Villa 王冬梅(译) 王雪静(审校) International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Pairs France International Council of Nurses Geneva Switzerland Ministry of Public Health Bangkok Thailand Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda KNCV The Hague The Netherlands State Agency of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Riga Latvia Sao Paulo University Sao Paulo Brazil 不详

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染是结核病(TB)控制工作面临的最大挑战之一,结核病比其他因素更易导致HIV感染者死亡。本文涵盖了2项工作标准,即医务人员主动提供的HIV检测与咨询和对艾滋病合并结核病病人的关怀。鼓励所有既往未诊断为HIV感... 详细信息

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染是结核病(TB)控制工作面临的最大挑战之一,结核病比其他因素更易导致HIV感染者死亡。本文涵盖了2项工作标准,即医务人员主动提供的HIV检测与咨询和对艾滋病合并结核病病人的关怀。鼓励所有既往未诊断为HIV感染的结核病人接受HIV检测;如果不这样做,病人就得不到可能需要的治疗与关怀,尤其是在获得广泛治疗的情况下,可以预防感染HIV。在为结核病人提供常规HIV检测前,对发现的艾滋病合并结核病病人应有一个明确而详细的关怀计划,包括确保病人获得这些关怀服务的具体措施。得到公认的是:为结核病人提供关怀服务的人员应确保HIV阳性者一旦完成结核病治疗后,能够转而得到适当的持续的关怀服务;而有些病人在结核病治疗期间,就需要被转介从而得到专门的艾滋病治疗与关怀服务。不管是否感染了HIV,这些标准旨在确保病人维持最佳健康状态。

关键词： HIV TB 双重感染管理

关怀结核病患者最佳实践连载指南之二活动性结核病人的鉴别

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第1期4卷 30-33页

作者： G.Williams e. Alarcon S. Jittimanee M. Walusimbi M. Sebek e. berga T.S. Villa 李波(译) International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Paris France International Council of Nurses Geneva Switzerland Ministry of Public Health Bangkok Thailand Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda KNCV The Hague The Netherlands State Agency of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Riga Latvia SaoPaulo Umversity Sao Paulo Brazil 不详

在最佳实践指南第二章陈述的最佳实践标准中,重点讲述了鉴别活动性结核的方方面面,目的是针对与病例发现相关的一些挑战。当就诊者属于结核菌感染高危人群时,开始即与其建立一种良好的关系是非常重要的。第一项标准重点讲述如何评价某... 详细信息

在最佳实践指南第二章陈述的最佳实践标准中,重点讲述了鉴别活动性结核的方方面面,目的是针对与病例发现相关的一些挑战。当就诊者属于结核菌感染高危人群时,开始即与其建立一种良好的关系是非常重要的。第一项标准重点讲述如何评价某人是否可能患有结核病,第二项标准详细阐述如何留取用于诊断的痰标本。这些标准主要针对医务人员,因为他们要判断到卫生医疗机构的就诊者是否患有结核病。因此,他们需要熟悉与结核病有关的体征、症状及危险因素。当就诊者为疑似结核病患者时,医务人员需要确保对就诊者进行了正确的检查,并遵循了适当的流程,从而使得质量最好的痰标本被送往实验室,且所有需要填写的资料清晰和正确。可以通过准确而及时的检查报告、对每例发现病人的登记和每例需要治疗病人的治疗依从性,来验证这些标准是否被成功地应用。

关键词：最佳实践病例发现结核病

Commentary on "Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults"

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 127-129页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

In their study,association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with body fat among U.S.Adults,Liao et al.^(1) analyzed data from the 2011-2018 National Health and examination Survey to examine associations between h/day sitting,meeting (or not meeting) the U.S.Physical Activity Guidelines of≥150 min/week of moderate-and vigorous-intensity LTPA,and combinations of sitting time and LTPA on totaland trunk percent body fat (BF%).

关键词： U.S. adult among

Advances in spinal cord injury:insights from non-human primates

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2354-2364页

作者： Gaetan Poulen Florence e.Perrin University of Montpellier INSERMEPHEMontpellierFrance Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance

Spinal cord injury results in significant sensorimotor deficits,currently,there is no curative treatment for the symptoms induced by spinal cord injury.Basic and pre-clinical research on spinal cord injury relies on the development and characterization of appropriate animal models.These models should replicate the symptoms observed in human,allowing for the exploration of functional deficits and investigation into various aspects of physiopathology of spinal cord injury.Non-human primates,due to their close phylogenetic association with humans,share more neuroanatomical,genetic,and physiological similarities with humans than rodents.Therefore,the responses to spinal cord injury in nonhuman primates most likely resemble the responses to traumatism in humans.In this review,we will discuss nonhuman primate models of spinal cord injury,focusing on in vivo assessments,including behavioral tests,magnetic resonance imaging,and electrical activity recordings,as well as ex vivo histological analyses.Additionally,we will present therapeutic strategies developed in non-human primates and discuss the unique specificities of non-human primate models of spinal cord injury.

关键词： behavior cellular analysis non-human primates spinal cord injury tissue analysis

event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control for input-constrained multi-agent systems via reinforcement learning

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 25-38页

作者： Jinxuan Zhang Chang-e Ren College of Information engineering Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100089China

This article presents an event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control scheme using reinforcement learning (RL) for nonlinear second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with control constraints. First, considering control constraints, the constrained H_(∞) consensus problem is transformed into a multi-player zero-sum game with non-quadratic performance functions. Then, an event-triggered control method is presented to conserve communication resources and a new triggering condition is developed for each agent to make the triggering threshold independent of the disturbance attenuation level. To derive the optimal controller that can minimize the cost function in the case of worst disturbance, a constrained Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is defined. Since it is difficult to solve analytically due to its strongly non-linearity, reinforcement learning (RL) is implemented to obtain the optimal controller. In specific, the optimal performance function and the worst-case disturbance are approximated by a time-triggered critic network;meanwhile, the optimal controller is approximated by event-triggered actor network. After that, Lyapunov analysis is utilized to prove the uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stability of the system and that the network weight errors are UUB. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy provided.

关键词： H_(∞)optimal control Input constrains Multi-agent systems(MASs) Reinforcement learning(RL)

Simplified seismic scenario analysis of existing masonry buildings accounting for local site effects

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2024年第2期18卷 309-318页

作者： Ayşe e.ÖZSOYÖZBAY Işıl SANRI KARAPINAR Zehra N.KUTLU İsmail e.KILIÇ Department of Civil engineering Maltepe UniversityIstanbul 34857Turkey School of engineering and Construction Oryx Universal CollegeDoha 12253Qatar

This study discusses the effects of local sites and hazard amplification on the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing masonry buildings.In this context,a rapid seismic evaluation procedure was implemented on an old masonry building stock in the historical center Galata,located inİstanbul,to determine the seismic risk priority of the built heritage.Damage scenarios were generated for all soil classes,different moment magnitudes,and source-to-site distances to obtain more accurate results for the seismic vulnerability assessment of the studied building stock.Consequently,damage distributions estimated under nine different scenarios with/without site effects were compared and illustrated in maps to discuss changes in vulnerability owing to amplification effects.In this study,by re-examining the rapid seismic evaluation procedure by including geo-hazard-based assessment,the importance of site effects on the vulnerability and risk assessment of built heritage was underlined.The proposed framework integrating field data and local site effects is believed to advance the current applications for vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings and provide an improvement in the application of rapid seismic assessment procedures with more reliable results.

关键词： masonry buildings seismic vulnerability assessment cultural heritage local site effect

CLASSIFICATIONS OF DUPIN HYPeRSURFACeS IN LIe SPHeRe GeOMeTRY

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第1期44卷 1-36页

作者： Thomas e.CeCIL Department of Mathematics and Computer Science College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA01610USA

This is a survey of local and global classification results concerning Dupin hypersurfaces in S^(n)(or R^(n))that have been obtained in the context of Lie sphere geometry.The emphasis is on results that relate Dupin hypersurfaces to isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres.Along with these classification results,many important concepts from Lie sphere geometry,such as curvature spheres,Lie curvatures,and Legendre lifts of submanifolds of S^(n)(or R^(n)),are described in detail.The paper also contains several important constructions of Dupin hypersurfaces with certain special properties.

关键词： Dupin hypersurfaces isoparametric hypersurfaces Lie sphere geometry Lie sphere transformations Lie curvatures

Converting TRex-RGB green-channel data to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Methodology and initial results

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang D.M.Gillies e.Spanswick e.F.Donovan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently deployed Transition Region explorer(TRex)-RGB(red-green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is designed to capture“true color”images of the aurora and airglow.Because the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TRex-RGB camera is usually dominated by the 557.7 nm emission.Under this rationale,the TRex mission does not include a specific 557.7 nm imager and is designed to use the RGB green-channel data as a proxy for the 557.7 nm aurora.In this study,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or formula linking the RGB green-channel data to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB data.We illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated measurement of green-line auroras from the TRex spectrograph,and(2)through a comparison with the modeled green-line intensity according to realistic electron precipitation flux measurements from low-earth-orbit satellites,with the aid of an auroral transport model.We demonstrate the procedures and provide initial results for the TRex-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and Lucky Lake stations.The RGB response is found to be nonlinear.empirical conversion ratios or formulas between RGB green-channel data and the green-line auroral intensity are given and can be applied immediately by TRex-RGB data users.The methodology established in this study will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILe ASI mission,which will adopt a similar RGB camera system in its deployment.

关键词： TRex RGB green-line aurora auroral transport model