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Dispe.sal be.avior corre.ate. with pe.sonality of a North Ame.ican fish

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curre.t Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 260-270页

作者： Josh e. RASMUSSe. Mark c. Be.K U.S. Fish and Wildlife.Se.vice Klamath Falls OR 97603 USA De.artme.t of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

The.proce.s of dispe.sal is de.e.mine. by the.inte.action of individual （intrinsic） traits and e.vironme.tal （e.trinsic） factors. Although many studie. addre.s and quantify dispe.sal, fe. e.aluate.both intrinsic and e.trinsic factors jointly. We.te.t the.re.ative.importance.of intrinsic traits （e.ploration te.de.cy and size. and e.trinsic factors （population de.sity and habitat quality） on dispe.sal of a me.ium-size. we.te.n Unite. State. minnow, southe.n le.the.side.chub Le.idome.a aliciae. A ge.e.alize. line.r mode. with a binomial re.ponse.was use. to de.e.mine.the.probability of individuals dispe.sing one.ye.r afte. tagging. Me.ium-size. individuals that we.e.more.prone.to e.plore.nove. e.vironme.ts we.e.10.7 time. more.like.y to be.re.apture. outside.of the.r original capture.are. afte. a ye.r （dispe.sal） compare. to non-e.plore. individuals of the.same.size.class. Diffe.e.ce. be. twe.n e.plore. classifications within the.small and large.size.classe. we.e.ne.ligible. Ope. habitat within 50 m upstre.m also in- cre.se. the.probability of dispe.sal re.ative.to controls. Re.ative.location within the.study re.ch, and population de.sity we.e.not significantly re.ate. to dispe.sal probabilitie. of individuals. Our re.ults indicate.that unde.standing of pe.sonality may illuminate.patte.ns of dispe.sal within and among populations

关键词： Te.pe.ame.t Be.avioral phe.otype e.ploration Le.idome.a Pe.sonality-de.e.de.t

Asse.sing Nitroge. Fe.tilization Strate.ie. in Winte. Whe.t and cotton crops in Northe.n Gre.ce

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Pe.osphe.e 2012年第5期22卷 689-697页

作者： e. POLYcHRONAKI c. DOUMA c. GIOURGA A. LOUMOU De.artme.t of e.vironme.t University of the Aegean University Hill Xenia A 81100 Mytilene Lesvos (Greece) De.artme.t of Food Te.hnology Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata Antikalamos 24100 Kalamata (Greece)

The.manage.e.t of fe.tilize. application is crucial for agricultural production and e.vironme.tal safe.y. The.obje.tive.of this study was to asse.s the.e.ficie.cy of diffe.e.t fe.tilization strate.ie., applying fe.tilize.s with and without nitrification inhibitors （NIs） in split application, in Gre.ce. The.asse.sme.t crite.ia use. we.e.base. on crop yie.d, soil nitroge. （N） conce.trations and e.onomic e.ficie.cy. For this purpose.two crops （winte. whe.t and cotton） we.e.se.e.te. in orde. to e.plore.the.optimum fe.tilization strate.y for e.ch crop. Thre. tre.tme.ts combining fe.tilize.s with NIs we.e.te.te. compare. with conve.tional fe.tilization （cF）. Slight diffe.e.ce. in the.quantity and the.combination of fe.tilize.s with NIs applie. re.ulte. in variable.e.fe.ts on crop yie.d, soil N and e.onomic re.urn. Split N application of 102 kg ha^（-1）, with half of the.total amount applie. at se.ding, re.ulte. in highe. grain yie.d of winte. whe.t, lowe. NO3-N in soil and highe. e.onomic re.urn. This re.ult re.e.ls the.importance.of N application at se.ding in whe.t crop. Fe.tilization strate.y with 109.5 kg N ha^（-1） and split P application re.ulte. in highe. cotton yie.d and highe. e.onomic profit. Split P application se.me. to incre.se.yie.d, e.e. though it is not a common practise.in the.are..

关键词： Me.ite.rane.n nitrification inhibitors split application

Strong Suppre.sion of Syste.ic Acquire. Re.istance.in Arabidopsis by NRR is De.e.de.t on its Ability to Inte.act with NPRland its Putative.Re.re.sion Domain

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Mole.ular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 552-559页

作者： Mawshe.g che.n Patrick e. canlas Pame.a c. Ronald De.artme.t of Plant Pathology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Syste.ic Acquire. Re.istance.（SAR） in plants confe.s lasting broad-spe.trum re.istance.to pathoge.s and re.uire. the.phytohormone.salicylic acid （SA）. Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 is a ke. re.ulator of the.SAR re.ponse. Studie. atte.pting to re.e.l the.function of NPR1 and how it me.iate. SA signaling have.le. to isolation of two classe. of prote.ns that inte.act with NPRI＂ the.first class include. rice.NRR, Arabidopsis NIMIN1, NIMIN2, and NIMIN3, and tobacco NIMIN2-1ike.prote.ns; the.se.ond class be.ongs to TGA transcription factors. We.have.pre.iously shown that ove.e.pre.sion of N RR in rice.suppre.se. both basal and Xa21-me.iate. re.istance. In orde. to te.t whe.he. NRR affe.ts SA-induce., NPRl-me.iate. SAR, we.have.transforme. Arabidopsis with the.rice.NRR ge.e.and te.te. its e.fe.ts on the.de.e.se.re.ponse. e.pre.sion of NRR in Arabidopsis re.ults in suppre.sion of PR ge.e.induction by SAR induce. and re.istance.to pathoge.s. The.e.phe.otype. are.e.e. more.se.e.e.than those.of the.nprl-1 mutant. The.ability of NRR to suppre.s PR ge.e.induction and dise.se.re.istance.is corre.ate. with its ability to bind to NPR1 be.ause.two point mutations in NRR, which re.uce.NPR1 binding, fail to suppre.s NPR1. In contrast, wild-type.and a mutant NRR, which still binds to NPR1 strongly, re.ain the.ability to suppre.s the.SAR re.ponse. Re.lacing the.c-te.minal 79 amino acids of NRR with the.VP16 activation domain turns the.fusion prote.n into a transcriptional co-activator. The.e.re.ults indicate.that NRR binds to NPR1 in vivo in a prote.n comple. to inhibit transcriptional activation of PR ge.e. and that NRR contains a transcription re.re.sion domain for active.re.re.sion.

关键词： NRR NPR1 SA SAR dise.se.re.istance.

Quantitative.Variation in Wate.-Use.e.ficie.cy across Wate. Re.ime. and Its Re.ationship with circadian, Ve.e.ative. Re.roductive. and Le.f Gas-e.change.Traits

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Mole.ular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 653-668页

作者： christine.e. e.wards Bre.t e. e.e.s c. Robe.tson Mcclung Ping Lou cynthia We.nig De.artme.t of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Pre.e.t addre.s： USAce.e.Dc Environmental Laboratory 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg MS 39180 USA Program in e.ology University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA

Drought limits light harve.ting, re.ulting in lowe. plant growth and re.roduction. One.trait important for plant drought re.ponse.is wate.-use.e.ficie.cy （WUe.. We.inve.tigate. （1） how the.joint ge.e.ic archite.ture.of WUe. re.roductive.characte.s, and ve.e.ative.traits change. across drought and we.l-wate.e. conditions, （2） whe.he. traits with distinct de.e.opme.tal base. （e.g. le.f gas e.change.ve.sus re.roduction） diffe.e. in the.e.vironme.tal se.sitivity of the.r ge.e.ic archite.ture. and （3） whe.he. quantitative.variation in circadian pe.iod was re.ate. to drought re.ponse.in Brassica rapa. Ove.all, WUe.incre.se. in drought, primarily be.ause.stomatal conductance. and thus wate. loss, de.line. more.than carbon fixation. Ge.otype. with the.highe.t WUe.in drought e.pre.se. the.lowe.t WUe.in we.l-wate.e. conditions, and had the.large.t ve.e.ative.and floral organs in both tre.tme.ts. Thus, large.change. in WUe.e.able. some.ge.otype. to approach ve.e.ative.and re.roductive.trait optima across e.vironme.ts. The.ge.e.ic archite.ture.diffe.e. for gas-e.change.and ve.e.ative.traits across drought and we.l-wate.e. conditions, but not for floral traits. corre.ations be.we.n circadian and le.f gas-e.change.traits we.e.significant but did not vary across tre.tme.ts, indicating that circadian pe.iod affe.ts physiological function re.ardle.s of wate. availability. The.e.re.ults sugge.t that WUe.is important for drought tole.ance.in Brassica rapa and that artificial se.e.tion for incre.se. WUe.in drought will not re.ult in maladaptive.e.pre.sion of othe. traits that are.corre.ate. with WUe.

关键词： Brassica rapa drought e.ophysiology floral traits G matrix le.f gas-e.change.traits wate.-use.e.ficie.cy ve.e.ative.traits

choosing be.we.n a rock and a hard place. camouflage.in the.round-taile. horne. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum

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curre.t Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 541-548页

作者： William e. cOOPe., Jr. Wade.c. SHe.BROOKe De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Southwe.te.n Re.e.rch Station American Museum of Natural History PO Box 16553 Portal AZ 85632 USA

The.round-taile. home. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum is cryptically colore. and re.e.ble. a small stone.whe. it draws le.s close.to its body and e.e.ate. its back. We.inve.tigate. e.fe.tive.e.s of camouflage.in P. mode.tum and its de.e.de.ce.on stone. by placing a lizard in one.of two microhabitats （uniform sand or sand with surface.rocks approximate.y the.same.size.as lizards）. An obse.ve. who kne. which microhabitat containe. the.lizard was aske. to locate.the.lizard visually. Late.cy to de.e.- tion was longe. and probability of no de.e.tion within 60 s was highe. for lizards on rock background than on bare.sand. In are.as whe.e.lizards could choose.to occupy rock or bare.sand, much highe. proportions se.e.te. rocky backgrounds throughout the.day; at night all lizards sle.t among stone.. A unique.posture.give. P mode.tum a rounde. appe.rance.similar to many natural stone.. Lizards occasionally adopte. the.posture. but none.did so in re.ponse.to a ne.rby e.pe.ime.te.. Stimuli that e.icit the.posture.are.unknown. That P. mode.tum is be.te. camouflage. among rocks than on bare.sand and pre.e.s to occupy rocky are.s sugge.ts that spe.ial re.e.blance.to rocks （masque.ade. e.hance. camouflage.attributable.to coloration and immobility.

关键词： Animal de.e.se Background matching camouflage crypsis Masque.ade Squamata

Ne.AB family of ne.ronal calcium-binding prote.ns in he.lth and dise.se

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Ne.ral Re.e.e.ation Re.e.rch 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： Dione. Bue.o Michae. K.e.Schafe. Sude.a Wang Michae. J.Schme.sse. Axe. Me.hne. Institute.for Mole.ular Me.icine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany De.artme.t of Ane.the.iology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute.of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The.N-te.minal e.-hand calcium-binding prote.ns 1–3(Ne.AB1–3) constitute.a family of pre.ominantly ne.ronal prote.ns characte.ize. by the.pre.e.ce.of at le.st one.e.-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally le.s we.l characte.ize. c-te.minal antibiotic biosynthe.is monooxyge.ase.domain. All thre. family me.be.s we.e.initially discove.e. due.to the.r inte.actions with othe. prote.ns. Ne.AB1 associate. with synaptotagmin-1, a critical ne.ronal prote.n involve. in me.brane.trafficking and synaptic ve.icle.e.ocytosis. Ne.AB2 inte.acts with pre.ominantly striatal G-prote.n-couple. re.e.tors, while.Ne.AB3 partne.s with amyloid-β A4 pre.ursor prote.n-binding family A me.be.s 2 and 3, ke. re.ulators of amyloid-β production. This de.onstrate. the.capacity of the.family for inte.actions with various classe. of prote.ns. Ne.AB prote.ns e.hibit distinct subce.lular localizations: Ne.AB1 is found in the.nucle.s and cytosol, Ne.AB2 re.ide. in e.dosome. and the.plasma me.brane. and Ne.AB3 is pre.e.t in the.e.doplasmic re.iculum and Golgi apparatus. The.antibiotic biosynthe.is monooxyge.ase.domain, an e.olutionarily ancie.t compone.t, is akin to atypical he.e.oxyge.ase. in prokaryote. but is not we.lcharacte.ize. in ve.te.rate.. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthe.is monooxyge.ase.domains typically form dime.s, sugge.ting that calcium-me.iate. conformational change. in Ne.AB prote.ns may induce.antibiotic biosynthe.is monooxyge.ase.domain dime.ization, pote.tially activating some.e.zymatic prope.tie.. Howe.e., the.substrate.for this e.zymatic activity re.ains unce.tain. Alte.native.y, calcium-me.iate. conformational change. might influe.ce.prote.n inte.actions or the.subce.lular localization of Ne.AB prote.ns by controlling the.availability of prote.n–prote.n inte.action domains situate. be.we.n the.e. hands and the.antibiotic biosynthe.is monooxyge.ase.domain. This re.ie. summarize. what is known about ge.omic organization, tissue.e.pre.sion, intrace.lular localization, inte.ac

关键词： calcium e. hand mitochondria ne.vous syste. signal transduction

OsWRKY62 is a Ne.ative.Re.ulator of Basal and Xa21-Me.iate. De.e.se.against Xanthomonas orvzae.pv. orvzae.in Rice

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Mole.ular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 446-458页

作者： Ying Pe.g Laura e. Bartle. Xue.e. che. christophe. Dardick Mawshe.g che.n Randy Ruan Patrick e. canlas Pame.a c. Ronald De.artme.t of Plant Pathology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Pre.e.t addre.s: Monsanto corporation Davis CA 95616 USA Pre.e.t addre.s: USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station Kearneysville WV 25430 USA

The.rice.Xa21 ge.e. which confe.s re.istance.to the.bacte.ial pathoge. Xanthomonas oryzae.pv. oryzae.（Xoo）, e.code. a re.e.tor-like.kinase. Fe. compone.ts involve. in transducing the.Xa21-me.iate. de.e.se.re.ponse.have.ye. be.n ide.tifie.. He.e. we.re.ort that XA21 binds to a WRKY transcription factor, calle. OsWRKY62. The.OsWRKY62 ge.e.e.code. two splice.variants （OsWRKY62.1 and OsWRKY62.2）. OsWRKY62.1：smGFP2 and OsWRKY62.2：smGFP2 fusion pro- te.ns partially localize.to the.nucle.s. Transge.ic plants ove.e.pre.sing OsWRKY62.1 are.compromise. in basal de.e.se.and Xa21-me.iate. re.istance.to Xoo. Furthe.more. ove.e.pre.sion of OsWRKY62.1 suppre.se. the.activation of de.e.se.e.ate. ge.e.. The.e.re.ults imply that OsWRKY62 functions as a ne.ative.re.ulator of innate.immunity in rice. and se.ve. as a critical me.iator of both basal and race.spe.ific de.e.se.re.ponse..

关键词： rice OsWRKY62 Xa21 de.e.se.re.ponse.

Analytical solutions of uniform e.te.de. dislocations and tractions ove. a circular are. in anisotropic magne.oe.e.troe.astic bimate.ials

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Acta Me.hanica Sinica 2013年第1期29卷 73-84页

作者： Y.-F. Zhao X.-c. Shang e. Pan De.t. of civil e.gine.ring University of Akron De.t. of Applie. Me.hanics University of Science and Technology

In this pape., we.de.ive.the.analytical solutions in a thre.-dime.sional anisotropic magne.oe.e.troe.astic bimate.ial space.subje.t to uniform e.te.de. dislocations and tractions within a horizontal circular are.. By virtue.of the.Stroh formalism and Fourie. transformation, the.final e.pre.sion of solutions in the.physical domain contains only line.inte.rals ove. [0, 2π] rathe. than infinite.inte.rals. As the.re.uce. case., the.half-space.and homoge.e.us full-space.solutions can be.dire.tly de.ive. from the.pre.e.t solutions. Also, in te.ms of mate.ial domains, the.pre.e.t solutions can be.re.uce. to the.pie.oe.e.tric, pie.omagne.ic, pure.y e.astic mate.ials with diffe.e.t symme.rie. of mate.ial prop- e.ty. To carry out nume.ical calculations, Gauss quadrature.is adopte.. In the.nume.ical e.ample., the.e.fe.t of diffe.e.t loading locations on the.re.ponse.at the.inte.face.is analyze.. It is shown that, whe. the.magne.ic traction or e.e.tric dislocation is applie., the.physical quantitie. on the.inte.face.may not de.re.se.monotonically as the.loading are. move. away from the.inte.face. The.distributions of diffe.e.t in-plane.physical quantitie. on the.uppe. and lowe. inte.face. unde. various e.te.de. horizontal loadings are.compare. and the.diffe.e.ce. are.discusse.. The.work pre.e.te. in this pape. can se.ve.as be.chmarks for future.nume.ical studie. in re.ate. re.e.rch fie.ds.

关键词： Anisotropic bimate.ial space. Magne.oe.e.troe. lastic e.te.de. dislocations e.te.de. tractions circular loading Analytic solutions

e.timation of se.ime.t source. using se.e.te. che.ical trace.s in the.Pe.ry lake.basin,Kansas,USA

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Inte.national Journal of Se.ime.t Re.e.rch 2009年第1期24卷 108-125页

作者： K. e. JURAce. A. c. ZIe.Le. Hydrologist U.S. Geological Survey 4821 Quail Crest Place Lawrence KS USA 66049

The.ability to achie.e.me.ningful de.re.se. in se.ime.t loads to re.e.voirs re.uire. a de.e.mination of the.re.ative.importance.of se.ime.t source. within the.contributing basins. In an inve.tigation of source. of fine.graine. se.ime.t(clay and silt) within the.Pe.ry Lake.Basin in northe.st Kansas,re.re.e.tative.sample. of channe.-bank source.,surface.soil source.(cropland and grassland),and re.e.voir bottom se.ime.t we.e.colle.te.,che.ically analyze.,and compare.. The.sample. we.e.sie.e. to isolate.the.ction and analyze. for se.e.te. nutrie.ts(total nitroge. and total phosphorus),organic and total carbon,25 trace.e.e.e.ts,and the.radionuclide.ce.ium-137(137cs). On the.basis of substantial and consiste.t compositional diffe.e.ce. among the.source.type.,total nitroge.(TN),total phosphorus(TP),total organic carbon(TOc),and 137cs we.e.se.e.te. for use.in the.e.timation of se.ime.t source.. To furthe. account for diffe.e.ce. in particle.size.composition be.we.n the.source. and the.re.e.voir bottom se.ime.t,constitue.t ratio and clay-normalization te.hnique. we.e.use.. compute. ratios include. TOc to TN,TOc to TP,and TN to TP. constitue.t conce.trations(TN,TP,TOc) and activitie.(137cs) we.e.normalize. by dividing by the.pe.ce.tage.of clay. Thus,the.se.ime.t-source.e.timations involve. the.use.of se.e. se.ime.t-source.indicators. Within the.Pe.ry Lake.Basin,the.conse.sus of the.se.e. indicators was that both channe.-bank and surface.soil source. we.e.important in the.Atchison county Lake.and Banne. cre.k Re.e.voir subbasins,whe.e.s channe.-bank source. we.e.dominant in the.Mission Lake.subbasin. On the.sole.basis of 137cs activity,surface.soil source. contribute. the.most fine.graine. se.ime.t to Atchison county Lake.and channe.-bank source. contribute. the.most fine.graine. se.ime.t to Banne. cre.k Re.e.voir and Mission Lake. Both the.se.e.-indicator conse.sus and 137cs indicate. that channe.-bank source. we.e.dominant for Pe.ry Lake.and that channe.-bank sour

关键词： Se.ime.t Source Trace. Pe.ry Lake Kansas