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Conve.ge.t and dive.ge.t be.m e.e.tron holography and re.onstruction of adsorbate. on fre.-standing two-dime.sional crystals

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Frontie.s of physics 2019年第1期14卷 43-57页

作者： t. Latyche.skaia C. R. Woods Yi Bo Wang M. Holwill e. prest.t.s. j. haigh K. s. Novose.ov Institute.of Physics Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES)école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland National Graphe.e.Institute University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK school of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK school of Mate.ials University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK

Van de. Waals he.e.ostructure. have.be.n late.y inte.sive.y studie. be.ause.the. offe. a large.varie.y of prope.tie. that can be.controlle. by se.e.ting 2D mate.ials and the.r se.ue.ce.in the.stack. the.e.act arrange.e.t of the.laye.s as we.l as the.e.act arrange.e.t of the.atoms within the.laye.s, both are.important for the.prope.tie. of the.re.ulting de.ice. Howe.e., it is ve.y difficult to control and characte.ize.the.e.act position of the.atoms and the.laye.s in such he.e.ostructure., in particular, along the.ve.tical (z) dime.sion. Re.e.tly it has be.n de.onstrate. that conve.ge.t be.m e.e.tron diffraction (CBe.) allows quantitative.thre.-dime.sional mapping of atomic positions in thre.-dime.sional mate.ials from a single.CBe. patte.n. In this study we.inve.tigate.CBe. in more.de.ail by simulating and pe.forming various CBe. re.ime., with conve.ge.t and dive.ge.t wave.ronts, on a some.hat simplifie. syste.: a two-dime.sional (2D) monolaye. crystal. In CBe., e.ch CBe. spot is in fact an in-line.hologram of the.sample. whe.e.in-line.holography is known to e.hibit high inte.sity contrast in de.e.tion of we.k phase.obj.0}ts that are.not de.e.table.in conve.tional in-focus imaging mode. Adsorbate. e.hibit strong inte.sity contrast in the.ze.o and highe. orde. CBe. spots, whe.e.s lattice.de.ormation such as strain or rippling cause.notice.ble.inte.sity contrast only in the.first and highe. orde. CBe. spots. the.individual CBe. spots can thus be.re.onstructe. as typical in-line.holograms, and a re.olution of 2.13 A can in principle.be.achie.e. in the.re.onstructions. We.provide.simulate. and e.pe.ime.tal e.ample. of CBe. of a 2D monolaye. crystal. the.simulations show that individual CBe. spots can be.tre.te. as in-line.holograms and sample.distributions such as adsorbate., can be.re.onstructe.. Individual atoms can be.re.onstructe. from a single.CBe. patte.n provide. the.late. e.hibits high-orde. CBe. spots. the.e.pe.ime.tal re.ults we.e.obtaine. in a transmission e.e

关键词： graphe.e two-dime.sional mate.ials van de. Waals structure. e.e.tron holography conve.ge.t be.m e.e.tron diffraction

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Bandwidth limits of lumine.ce.t solar conce.trators as de.e.tors in fre.-space.optical communication syste.s

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Light(scie.ce.& Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 29-40页

作者： Mark Portnoi Paul Anthony haigh thomas j. acdonald Filip Ambroz Ivan PParkin Izzat Darwaze. loannis Papakonstantinou Photonic Innovations Lab Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK school of e.gine.ring University of NewcastleNewcastle NE17RUUK De.artme.t of Che.istry Imperial College LondonLondon W12 OBZUK De.artme.t of Che.istry University College LondonLondon WC1H OAJUK De.artme.t of e.e.tronic and e.e.trical e.gine.ring University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Lumine.ce.t solar conce.trators(LsCs)have.re.e.tly e.e.ge. as a promising re.e.ve. te.hnology in fre.-space.optical communications due.to the.r inhe.e.t ability to colle.t light from a wide.fie.d-of-vie. and conce.trate.it into small are.s,thus le.ding to high optical *** high-spe.d communication syste.s inte.rating LsCs in the.r de.e.tor blocks have.alre.dy be.n de.onstrate.,with the.maj.rity of e.forts so far be.ng de.ote. to maximising the.re.e.ve. optical powe. and the.syste.'s ***,LsCs may pose.a se.e.e.bottle.e.k on the.bandwidth of such communication channe.s due.to the.comparably slow time.cale.of the.fluore.ce.ce.e.e.ts involve.,a situation furthe. aggravate. by the.inhe.e.t re.bsorption in the.e.syste.s,and ye.,an in-de.th study into such dynamic e.fe.ts re.ains abse.t in the.*** fill this gap,we.have.de.e.ope. a compre.e.sive.analytical solution that de.ine.te. the.fundame.tal bandwidth limits of LsCs as optical de.e.tors in arbitrary fre.-space.optical links,and e.tablishe. the.r e.uivale.ce.with simple.RC low-pass e.e.trical ***,we.de.onstrate.a time.domain Monte.Carlo simulation platform,an indispe.sable.tool in the.multiparame.e. optimisation of LsC-base. re.e.ve. *** work offe.s vital insight into LsC syste. dynamic be.aviour and pave. the.way to e.aluate.the.te.hnology for a wide.range.of applications,including visible.light communications,high-spe.d vide. re.ording,and re.l-time.biological imaging,to name.a fe..

关键词： communication inte.rating de.ote.

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