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Pne.monia of Childre. unde. 5 Ye.rs of Age.in Brazzaville.(Re.ublic of Congo)

Ope. Journal of Pe.iatrics 2017年第3期7卷 178-191页

作者： A. R. Okoko e. hossie I. C. N’djobo-Mamadoud e. Moye. G. e.ouya Bowassa G. Moye. De.artme.t of Pe.iatrics University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo De.artme.t of Doctoral Studie. Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Pne.monia is one.of the.prime.cause. of morbidity and mortality in childre. unde. five.ye.rs of age. Obje.tive.: To de.e.mine.the.fre.ue.cy of pne.monia, to ide.tify the.causative.organisms and the.factors associate. with de.th in childre. unde. 5 ye.rs of age. Me.hods: A prospe.tive.cohort study was pe.forme. in childre. 1 to 59 months hospitalize. for pne.monia be.we.n January and June.2016 in CHUB pe.iatric wards. Re.ults: A total of 237 childre. we.e.hospitalize. for pne.monia, i.e. 12.3% of hospitalizations. The.e.we.e.133 boys (56%) and 104 girls (44%) with a me.n age.of 15.9 ± 13.8 months. The.ave.age.time.e.apse. be.we.n onse. of symptoms and hospitalization was 7.2 ± 6.1 days. The.alve.lar syndrome.185 case. (81%), alve.lo-inte.stitial 34 case. (15%), alve.lar and ple.ral 9 case. (4%) we.e.the.main radiological translations. Blood culture. we.e.positive.in 74 case. (31%) and the.bacte.ia ide.tifie. we.e. Stre.tococcus pne.moniae.42 case. (17.5%), Staphylococcus Aure.s 23 case. (9.6%) and Kle.sie.la pne.moniae.9 case. (3.7%). HIV se.ology was positive.in 19 case. (8%). Fifty-e.ght (58) childre. (24%) die.. Factors associate. with de.th we.e.re.piratory distre.s, hypoxe.ia and hypothe.mia. Conclusion: Pne.monia of childre. unde. 5 ye.rs of age.is fre.ue.t and se.e.e.prognosis. The.r maste.y re.uire. the.stre.gthe.ing of the.national re.piratory dise.se.control program and the.knowle.ge.of risk factors.

关键词： Pne.monia Childre. Morbidity Mortality Risk Factors Brazzaville Congo

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Doe. de.e.sive.posture.incre.se.mime.ic fide.ity of cate.pillars with e.e.pots to the.r putative.snake.mode.s？

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Curre.t Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 76-89页

作者： Thomas John hossie Thomas N. SHe.RATT Ottawa-Carle.on Institute.of Biology Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada De.artme.t of Biology Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

Organisms ofte. e.olve.be.aviours that incre.se.or re.nforce.the.prote.tion from pre.ators afforde. by the.r morpho- logical de.e.ce.. For e.ample. mime.ic animals may adopt posture. or locomotory be.aviours that e.ulate.a characte.istic fe.- ture.of the.r mode. to incre.se.pre.ator de.e.tion. Cate.pillars with e.e.pots are.thought to mimic snake., and whe. thre.te.e. many of the.e.cate.pillars adopt a posture.that appe.rs to e.hance.this re.e.blance. He.e.n we.e.aluate.the.quantitative.stre.gth of e.ide.ce.of be.avioural mimicry in the.cate.pillars of 14 spe.ie. by comparing how close.y a se.ie. of putative.snake.mimicking cate.pillars re.e.ble.snake. while.at re.t and whe. thre.te.e.. Spe.ifically, we.quantifie. the.he.d morphology and e.e.position of a range.of snake.spe.ie., as we.l as the.shape.of the.appare.t he.d （i.e. ante.ior body se.me.ts） and position of e.e.pots in cate.pillars re.ting or in the.r de.e.sive.posture. This allowe. us to obje.tive.y e.amine.e.ide.ce.for an incre.se. re.e.blance.to e.the. snake. ge.e.ally, or to Vipe.idae.snake. spe.ifically, upon adopting the.de.e.sive.posture. Wide.ing the.ante.ior body se.me.ts during the.de.e.sive.posture.typically made.cate.pillars appe.r more.vipe.-like.as oppose. to more.snake.like.in ge.e.al. e.hance. re.e.blance.to vipe.s upon mounting the.de.e.sive.posture.was appare.t only from the.dorsal vie.. Late.ally, cate.pillars more.close.y re.e.ble. snake. in the.re.ting posture.and shifting to the.de.e.sive.posture.inste.d re.uce. mime.ic fide.ity, Ove.all we.found e.ide.ce.for be.avioural mimicry in all 14 spe.ie. e.amine.. We.highlight that obje.tive.y quantifying mime.ic fide.ity can he.p ide.tify ke. fe.ture. involve. in de.e.tion .

关键词： Be.aviour Ge.me.r!c morphome.rics Prote.tive.colouration Mimicry Morphology Vipe.s

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