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A pre.iminary e.aluation of throughfall sampling te.hnique. in a mature.conife.ous fore.t

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Journal of Fore.try Re.e.rch 2014年第2期25卷 407-413页

作者： Darryl. e. Carlyle.Mose. Chad. e. Lishman Adam. J. McKe. De.artme.t of Ge.graphy & e.vironme.tal Studie. Thompson Rivers University Graduate.Program in e.vironme.tal Scie.ce Thompson Rivers University

Rainfall, throughfall and ste.flow we.e.me.sure. and canopy inte.ce.tion loss was de.ive. for 14 rainfall e.e.ts from June.22 to August 30, 2008 within a mature.de.lining hybrid white.spruce.（Pice. glauca （Moe.ch） Voss x p e.ge.mannii Parry e. e.ge.m.） - subalpine.fir （Abie. lasiocarpa （Hook.） Nutt.） - lodge.ole.pine.（Pinus contorta vat. latifolia Dougl. e. Loud.） stand in south-ce.tral British Columbia, Can- ada. Ste.flow was ne.ligible.during the.study pe.iod, while. re.pe.tive.y throughfall and canopy inte.ce.tion loss accounte. for approximate.y 59.4% and 40.6% of the.50.1 mm of cumulative.rainfall. Throughfall variability was asse.se. with thre. approache. involving roving and stationary we.ge.type.gauge., and stationary trough gauge.. Throughfall e.hibite. large.spatial variability with the.coe.ficie.t of variability of study pe.iod throughfall sample. using 16 stationary trough gauge. be.ng 30.3%, while.it was 38.0% and 28.7% for 32 stationary and 32 roving we.ge.gauge., re.pe.tive.y. Our analysis sugge.ts that a roving gauge.me.hod is be.te. than a stationary approach since.the.e.rors associate. with e.e.t me.n throughfalls are.summe. quadratically and a gre.te. portion of the.canopy are. is sample.. Trough gauge. we.e.more.e.ficie.t than we.ge.gauge.; howe.e., this e.ficie.cy was le.s than e.pe.te. give. the.r much large. sampling are.s, sugge.ting that spatial autocorre.ation le.gths of throughfall may be.longe. than the.trough syste.s. The.spatial distribution of throughfall showe. a high de.re. of te.poral pe.siste.ce.throughout the.study sugge.ting the.e.iste.ce.of stable.＂we.＂ and ＂dry＂ inputs to the.floors of the.e.conife.ous fore.ts.

关键词： throughfall canopy inte.ce.tion loss ste.flow spatial variability te.poral pe.siste.ce

Pre.ator-pre. distance.and late.cy to fle. from an immobile.pre.ator： functional re.ationship and importance

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 117-122页

作者： William e. COOPe. JR Jose.MARTIN De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA De.artame.to de.e.ologia e.olutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid Spain

Whe. an immobile.pre. has de.e.te. an immobile.pre.ator ne.rby, pre.ation risk is gre.te. whe. the.pre.ator is close.. Conse.ue.tly, pre. fle. with shorte. late.cy as standing distance.（pre.ator-pre. distance.whe. both are.still） de.re.se.. Since.it was first re.orte. in 2009, this re.ationship has be.n confirme. in the.fe. spe.ie. studie.. Howe.e., little.is known about the.functional re.ationship be.we.n standing distance.and late.cy to fle. （LF）. We.hypothe.ize. that LF incre.se. as standing distance.incre.se. at short distance., but re.che. a plate.u at longe. distance. whe.e.pre. can e.cape.re.iably if attacke.. We.simulate. immobile.pre.ators by moving slowly into positions ne.r stripe. plate.u lizards Sce.oporus virgatus, stopping and the. re.aining immobile. and re.ording LF from the.stopping time. LF incre.se. from shorte. to longe. standing distance. in a de.e.e.ating manne.. The.re.ationship was concave.downward, and LF was indistinguishable.among the.longe. standing distance.groups. Late.cy to fle. appe.rs to re.ch a plate.u or approach an asymptotic value.as stand- ing distance.incre.se.. The.e.fe.t size.of standing distance.was large. indicating that S. virgatus se.si- tive.y adjusts LF to the.le.e. of risk associate. with standing distance. Re.ationships be.we.n risk asse.sme.t and the.re.ical zone. associate. with risk, its asse.sme.t by pre., and e.cape.de.isions are.discusse.. e.fe.t size. of standing distance.we.e.substantial to large.in all studie. to date. indicating that standing distance.is an important pre.ation risk factor whe. both pre.ator and pre. are.immobile.

关键词： antipre.atory be.avior e.cape.be.avior late.cy to fle. squamata standing distance.

Vulvar infl ammation as a manife.tation of Crohn＇s dise.se

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World Journal of e.e.ge.cy Me.icine 2017年第4期8卷 305-307页

作者： Michae. e. Abboud Sarah e. Frasure De.artme.t of e.e.ge.cy Me.icine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA

Crohn＇s dise.se.is a chronic inflammatory bowe.dise.se.that is also associate. with e.tra-inte.tinal complications, such as arthritis, e.ythe.a nodosum,de.p ve.ous thrombosis, and uve.tis. Involve.e.t of the.ulva, howe.e., is a rare.fi nding in fe.ale.patie.ts withCrohn＇s dise.se. We.pre.e.t a case.of vulvar Crohn＇sdise.se.and discuss the.dise.se.proce.s and tre.tme.toptions for affe.te. patie.ts.

关键词： Crohn's dise.se chronic inflammatory complications

Analysis of ce.lulolytic and he.ice.lulolytic e.zyme.activity within the.Tipula abdominalis （Dipte.a： Tipulidae. larval gut and characte.ization of Croce.acte.ium ile.ola ge.. nov., sp. nov., isolate. from the.Tipula abdominalis larval hindgut

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2010年第3期17卷 291-302页

作者： The.e.a e. Roge.s Joy Doran-Pe.e.son Microbiology De.artme.t University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

In fore.te. stre.m e.osyste.s of the.north and e.ste.n Unite. State., larvae.of the.aquatic crane.fly Tipula abdominalis are.important shre.de.s of le.f litte. de.ritus. T. abdominalis larvae.harbor a de.se.and dive.se.microbial community in the.r hindgut that may aide.in the.de.radation oflignoce.lulose. In this study, the.activitie. ofce.lulolytic and he.ice.lulolytic e.zyme. we.e.de.onstrate. from hindgut e.tracts and from bacte.ial isolate. using mode. sugar substrate.. One.of the.bacte.ial isolate. was furthe. characte.ize. as a me.be. of the.family Microbacte.iace.e. Taxonomic position of the.isolate.within this family was de.e.mine. by a polyphasic approach, as is commonly e.ploye. for the.se.aration of ge.e.a within the.family Microbacte.iace.e. The.bacte.ial isolate.is Gramtype.positive. motile. non-sporulating, and rod-shape.. The.G ＋ C conte.t of the.DNA is 64.9 mol%. The.ce.l wall contains B2y type.pe.tidoglycan, D- and L-diaminobutyric acid as the.diamino acid, and rhamnose.as the.pre.ominant sugar. The.pre.ominant fatty acids are.12-me.hylte.rade.anoic acid （ai-C15：0） and 14-me.hylhe.ade.anoic acid （ai-C17：0）. The.isolate.forms a distinct line.ge.within the.family Microbacte.iace.e. as de.e.mine. by 16S rRNA se.ue.ce.analysis. We.propose.the.name.Croce.acte.ium ile.ola ge.. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate.this bacte.ial isolate. The.type.spe.ie. is T202T （ATCC BAA-1359; Ge.Bank Acce.sion DQ826511）.

关键词： ce.lulolytic he.ice.lulolytic hindgut

De.e.ting polyge.ic se.e.tion in marine.populations by combining population ge.omics and quantitative.ge.e.ics approache.

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 603-616页

作者： Pie.re.Ale.andre.GAGNAIRe.Oscar e. GAGGIOTTI Unive.site.Montpe.lie. 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISe. - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers Sete 34200 France Scottish Oce.ns Institute University of St Andrews East Sands St Andrews KY16 9LB UK

Highly fe.und marine.spe.ie. with dispe.sive.life.history stage. ofte. display large.population size. and wide.ge.graphic distribution range.. Conse.ue.tly, the. are.e.pe.te. to e.pe.ie.ce.re.uce. ge.e.ic drift, e.ficie.t se.e.tion fue.e. by fre.ue.t adaptive.mutations, and high migration loads. This has important conse.ue.ce. for unde.standing how local adaptation proce.ds in the.se.. A ke. issue.in this re.ard, re.ate. to the.ge.e.ic archite.ture.unde.lying fitne.s traits. The.ry pre.icts that adaptation may involve.many ge.e. but with a high variance.in e.fe.t size. The.e.ore. the.e.fe.t of se.e.tion on alle.e.fre.ue.cie. may be.substantial for the.large.t e.fe.t size.loci, but insignificant for small e.fe.t ge.e.. In such a conte.t, the.pe.formance.of population ge.omic me.hods to unrave. the.ge.e.ic basis of adaptation de.e.ds on the.fraction of adaptive.ge.e.ic variance.e.plaine. by the.cumulative.e.fe.t of outlie. loci. He.e. we.addre.s some.me.hodological challe.ge. associate. with the.de.e.tion of local adaptation using mole.ular approache.. We.provide.an ove.vie. of ge.ome.scan me.hods to de.e.t se.e.tion, including those.assuming comple. de.ographic mode.s that be.te. de.cribe.spatial population structure. We.the. focus on quantitative.ge.e.ics approache. that se.rch for ge.otype.phe.otype.associations at diffe.e.t ge.omic scale., including ge.ome.wide.me.hods e.aluating the.cumulative.e.fe.t of variants. We.argue.that the.limite. powe. of single.locus te.ts can be.alle.iate. by the.use.of polyge.ic score. to e.timate.the.joint contribution of candidate.variants to phe.otypic variation.

关键词： local adaptation ge.ome.scans quantitative.ge.e.ics ge.otype.phe.otype.association polyge.ic score..

Plant Ionomics： From e.e.e.tal Profiling to e.vironme.tal Adaptation

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Mole.ular Plant 2016年第6期9卷 787-797页

作者： Xin-Yuan Huang David e. Salt Institute.of Biological and e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. University of Aberdeen Cruickshank Building St Machar Drive Aberdeen AB24 3UU UK

Ionomics is a high-throughput e.e.e.tal profiling approach to study the.mole.ular me.hanistic basis unde.lying mine.al nutrie.t and trace.e.e.e.t composition （also known as the.ionome. of living organisms. Since.the.conce.t of ionomics was first introduce. more.than 10 ye.rs ago, significant progre.s has be.n made.in the.ide.tification of ge.e. and ge.e.ne.works that control the.ionome. In this update. we.summa- rize.the.progre.s made.in using the.ionomics approach ove. the.last de.ade. including the.ide.tification of ge.e. by forward ge.e.ics and the.study of natural ionomic variation. We.furthe. discuss the.pote.tial application of ionomics to the.inve.tigation of the.e.ological functions of ionomic alle.e. in adaptation to the.e.vironme.t.

关键词： nutrie.t home.stasis natural variation ionomics Arabidopsis thaliana Casparian strip adaptation

The.Be.aviour of LNG Carrie. Moore. to a Je.ty e.pose. to Wave.,Swe.l,Unste.dy Wind and Curre.t

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China Oce.n e.gine.ring 1999年第1期14卷 81-92页

作者： J. e. W. WICHe.S Maritime.Re.e.rch Institute.Ne.he.lands

Most te.minals for tanke.s are.pie.s and se. islands, while.othe. type. include.single.point moorings and multiple.buoy moorings. The.LNG and LPG carrie. moore. to the.je.ty is a ve.y common te.minal for transfe. of gas in ope. se.s. It is important to e.timate.the.motions and line.te.sions of the.LNG carrie. whe. it moors to a je.ty in me.oce.n e.vironme.t. Normally, the.motions of the.LNG carrie. would be.re.tricte. by the.loading arm, which is conne.te. to LNG carrie.'s manifold. An e.ample.of 125,000 m(3) LNG carrie. moore. to a je.ty e.pose. to a se. of e.vironme.t conditions is give.. A mathe.atical mode. which is base. on the.e.uations of motion in the.time.domain is use. to the.analysis of LNG moore. to an offshore.je.ty e.pose. to wave., swe.l, wind and curre.t. By me.ns of a time.domain compute. program Te.MSIM computations are.carrie. out to de.e.mine.and optimize.the.lay-out and / or orie.tation of the.je.ty and mooring ge.r in te.ms of force. in mooring line. and fe.de.s and the.e.ve.ope.of motions of the.loading arms. The.purpose.of this study is to de.e.mine.the.se.sitivity of the.mooring syste. and carrie. motions to the.combinations of wind wave. with and without swe.l, ste.dy wind and wind spe.tra. The.re.ults can be.consulte. by the.de.igne. in the.de.ign of je.tie..

关键词： mooring syste. dynamic re.ponse time.domain analysis je.ty

Point of Ze.o Salt e.fe.t: Re.ationships with Clay Mine.alogy of Re.re.e.tative.Soils of the.So Paulo State. Brazil

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Pe.osphe.e 2005年第5期15卷 545-553页

作者： M. e. ALVe. A. LAVORe.TI De.artame.to de.Física e.Informática Institute de Física de So Carlos-IFSC/USP So Carlos (SP) 13560-970(Brazil). Departamento de Ciências Exatas Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'-ESALQ/USP Piracicaba (SP)13419-980 (Brazil)

The.point of ze.o salt e.fe.t （PZSe. is the.soil pH value.at which the.magnitude.of the.variable.surface.charge. is not change. due.to variations in the.ionic conce.tration of the.soil solution. This prope.ty influe.ce. not only e.e.troche.ical phe.ome.a occurring at the.solid-solution inte.face.but also the.flocculation de.re. of the.soil particle.. In this study we.inve.tigate. the.re.ationships be.we.n the.clay mine.alogy and the.PZSe.value. of re.re.e.tative.soils of the.Sāo Paulo State. Brazil. The.re.ults confirme. the.use.ulne.s of the.diffe.e.ce.be.we.n the.soil pH value. me.sure. in 1 mol L^-1 KCl （pHKCl） and in wate. （pHH2O）（2 pHKCl-pHH2O） for e.timating the.PZSe.of tropical soils, e.ce.t for the.one. rich in e.change.ble.Al; furthe.more. the.ApH inde. （pHKC1 - pHH2O） was highly corre.ate. with the.diffe.e.ce.be.we.n the.PZSe.and pHH2O value., re.te.ating the.△pH utility for e.timating both the.signal and the.magnitude.of the.ne. surface.charge.of tropical soils. Finally, corre.ation and multiple.re.re.sion analyse. showe. that the.PZSe.value.of we.the.e. non-allophanic tropical soils te.ds to incre.se.and to e.ual the.soil pH due.to the.we.the.ing-induce. kaolinite.de.tabilization and concomitant Fe. and Al-oxide.accumulation.

关键词： e.e.troche.ical prope.tie. iron oxide. kaolinite tropical soils we.the.e. soils

25 Ye.rs of se.sory drive. the.e.ide.ce.and its wate.y bias

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Curre.t Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 471-484页

作者： Molly e. CUMMINGS John A. e.DLe. De.artme.t of Inte.rative.Biology University of Texas Austin TX 78712 USA School of Life.and e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3216 Australia

It has be.n 25ye.rs since.the.formalization of the.Se.sory Drive.hypothe.is was publishe. in the.Ame.ican Naturalist （1992）. Since.the., the.e.has be.n an e.plosion of re.e.rch ide.tifying its utility in contributing to our unde.standing of inte.- and intra-spe.ific variation in se.sory syste.s and signaling prope.tie.. The.main te.e. of Se.sory Drive.is that e.vironme.tal characte.istics will influe.ce.the.e.olutionary traje.tory of both se.sory （de.e.ting capabilitie.） and signaling （de.e.table.fe.ture. and be.aviors） traits in pre.ictable.dire.tions. We.re.ie. the.accumulating e.ide.ce.in 154 studie. addre.sing the.e.que.tions and cate.orize. the.r approach in te.ms of te.ting for e.vironme.tal influe.ce.on se.sory tuning, signal characte.istics, or both. For the.subse. of studie. that e.amine. se.sory tuning, the.e.was gre.te. support for Se.sory Drive.proce.se. shaping visual than auditory tuning, and it was more.pre.ale.t in aquatic than te.re.trial habitats. Te.re.trial habitats and visual traits we.e.the.pre.ale.t habitat and se.sory modality in the.104 studie. showing support for e.vironme.tal influe.ce.on signaling prope.tie.. An additional 19 studie. that found no supporting e.ide.ce.for e.vironme.tal influe.ce.on signaling traits we.e.all base. in te.re.trial e.osyste.s and almost e.clusive.y involve. auditory signals. Only 29 studie. e.amine. the.comple.e.coe.olutionary proce.s be.we.n se.sory and signaling traits and we.e.dominate. by fish visual communication. We.discuss biophysical factors that may contribute.to the.visual and aquatic bias for Se.sory Drive.e.ide.ce. as we.l as biotic factors that may contribute.to the.lack of Se.sory Drive.proce.se. in te.re.trial acoustic signaling syste.s.

关键词： animal communication se.sory drive se.sory e.ology se.ual se.e.tion