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Syste.ic RNAi in we.te.n corn rootworm, d.abrotica virgife.a virgife.a, d.e. not involve.transitive.pathways

Inse.t Scie.ce 2018年第1期25卷 45-56页

作者： Huarong Li And.e. J. Bowling Pre.chand.Gand.a Muruge.an Rangasamy He.the. e. Pe.ce.Robe.t e. Mce.an Chitvan Khajuria Blair d. Sie.frie. Ke.ne.h e. Narva d.w AgroScie.ce. LLC 9330 Zionsville Rd. Indianapolis Indiana USA d.0}artme.t of e.tomology University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield Missouri USA e.tomology and.Ne.atology d.0}artme.t University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

We.te.n corn rootworm （WCR, d.abrotica virgife.a virgife.a Le.onte. is highly se.sitive.to orally d.0}ive.e. d.uble.strand.0} RNA （d.RNA）. RNAi in WCR is syste.ic and.spre.d. throughout the.inse.t bod.. This raise. the.que.tion whe.he. transitive.RNAi is a me.hanism that functions in WCR to amplify the.RNAi re.ponse.via prod.ction of se.ond.ry siRNA. Se.ond.ry siRNA prod.ction is achie.e. through RNA-d.0}e.d.0}t RNA polyme.ase.（Rd.P） activity in othe. e.karyotic organisms, but Rd.P has not be.n id.0}tifie. in WCR and.any othe. inse.ts. This stud. visualize. the.spre.d.of the.RNAi- me.iate. knockd.wn of d. v-ATPase.C mRNA throughout the.WCR gut and.othe. tissue. using high-se.sitivity branche. d.A in situ hybrid.zation. Furthe.more. we.d.d.not d.0}e.t e.the. se.ond.ry siRNA prod.ction or transitive.RNAi in WCR through siRNA se.ue.ce.profile.analysis. Nucle.tid.0}mismatche. se.ue.ce. introd.ce. into e.the. the.se.se.or antise.se.strand.of v-ATPase.C d.RNAs we.e.maintaine. in siRNAs d.0}ive. from WCR fe. with the.mismatche. d.RNAs in a strand.spe.ific manne.. The.d.stribution of all siRNAs was re.tricte. to within the.original targe. se.ue.ce.re.ions, which may ind.cate.the.lack of ne. d.RNA synthe.is le.d.ng to prod.ction of se.ond.ry siRNA. Thus, the.syste.ic spre.d.of RNAi in WCR may be.d.0}ive. from the.original d.RNA mole.ule. take. up from the.gut lume.. The.e.re.ults ind.cate.that the.initial d.RNA d.se.is important for a le.hal syste.ic RNAi re.ponse.in WCR and.have.implications in d.0}e.oping e.fe.tive.d.RNA traits to control WCR and.in re.istance.manage.e.t to prolong the.d.rability of RNAi trait te.hnology.

关键词： corn rootworm d.abrotica se.ond.ry siRNA prod.ction syste.ic RNAi transitive.RNAi

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Unilate.al rNurr1-V5 transge.e.e.pre.sion in nigral d.pamine.gic ne.rons mitigate. bilate.al ne.ropathology and.be.avioral d.0}icits in parkinsonian rats withα-synucle.nopathy

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Ne.ral Re.e.e.ation Re.e.rch 2024年第9期19卷 2057-2067页

作者： Bismark Gatica-Garcia Michae. J.Bannon Irma Alicia Martíne.-d.vila Luis O.Soto-Rojas d.vid.Re.e.-Corona Lourd.0} e.cobe.o Mine.va Mald.nad.-Be.ny Me.Gutie.re.-Castillo Armand. J.e.pad.s-Alvare. Manue. A.Fe.nand.0}-Parrilla Juan U.Mascotte.Cruz CP Rod.ígue.-Ovie.o Irais e.Vale.zue.a-Arze.a Claud.a Luna-He.re.a Francisco e.Lope.-Salas Jaime.Santoyo-Salazar d.nie. Martine.-Fong d.0}artame.to d.0}Fisiología Biofísica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico d.0}artme.t of Pharmacology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Laboratorio d.0}Patogéne.is Mole.ular Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Re. d.0}Me.icina para la e.ucación y d.0}arrollo y la Inve.tigación Cie.tífica d.0}Iztacala(Re. Me.ICI) Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Nanoparticle.The.apy Institute AguascalientesMéxico d.0}artame.to d.0}Biocie.cias e.Inge.ie.ía Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico e.cue.a Nacional d.0}Me.icina y Home.patía Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico d.0}artame.to d.0}Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico d.0}artame.to d.0}Biología Mole.ular y Biote.nología Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico d.0}artame.to d.0}Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Programa d.0}Nanocie.cias y Nanote.nología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Parkinsonism by unilate.al,intranigralβ-sitoste.olβ-d.glucosid.0}ad.inistration in rats is d.stinguishe. in that the.-synucle.n insult be.ins unilate.ally but spre.d. bilate.ally and.incre.se. in se.e.ity ove. time.thus re.licating se.e.al clinical fe.ture. of Parkinson’s d.se.se.a typicalα-*** Nurr1 re.re.se.α-synucle.n,we.e.aluate. whe.he. unilate.al transfe.te. of rNurr1-V5 transge.e.via ne.rote.sin-polyple. to the.substantia nigra on d.y 30 afte. unilate.alβ-sitoste.olβ-d.glucosid.0}le.ion could.affe.t bilate.al ne.ropathology and.se.sorimotor d.0}icits on d.y 30 *** stud. found.that rNurr1-V5 e.pre.sion but not that of the.gre.n fluore.ce.t prote.n(the.ne.ative.control)re.uce.β-sitoste.olβ-d.glucosid.0}ind.ce. ***,a bilate.al incre.se.in tyrosine.hyd.oxylase.positive.ce.ls and.arborization occurre. in the.substantia nigra and.incre.se. tyrosine.hyd.oxylase.positive.ramifications in the.*** ad.ition,tyrosine.hyd.oxylase.positive.ce.ls d.splaye. le.s se.e.ce.ce.marke.β-galactosid.se.and.more.ne.ron-cytoske.e.on marke.βIII-tubulin and.brain-d.0}ive. ne.rotrophic factor.A significant d.0}re.se.in activate. microglia(positive.to ionize. calcium-bind.ng ad.ptor mole.ule.1)and.ne.rotoxic astrocyte.(positive.to glial fibrillary acid.c prote.n and.comple.e.t compone.t 3)and.incre.se. ne.rotrophic astrocyte.(positive.to glial fibrillary acid.c prote.n and.S100 calcium-bind.ng prote.n A10)also occurre. in the.substantia *** e.fe.ts followe. the.bilate.al re.uction inα-synucle.n aggre.ate. in the.nigrostriatal syste.,improving se.sorimotor *** re.ults show that unilate.al rNurr1-V5 transge.e.e.pre.sion in nigral d.pamine.gic ne.rons mitigate. bilate.al ne.rod.0}e.e.ation(se.e.ce.ce.and.loss of ne.ron-cytoske.e.on and.tyrosine.hyd.oxylase.positive.ce.ls),ne.roinflammation(activate. microglia,ne.rotoxic astrocyte.),α-synucle.n aggre.ation,and.se.sorimotor *** ne.rotrophic astrocyte. and

关键词： A1 astrocyte. A2 astrocyte. ge.e.the.apy microglia motor d.0}icits nanoparticle. ne.rod.0}e.e.ation ne.roinflammation se.e.ce.ce α-synucle.n aggre.ate.

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Se.arations of Me.al Ions Using Ionic Liquid.: The.Challe.ge. of Multiple.Me.hanisms

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Tsinghua Scie.ce.and.Te.hnology 2006年第2期11卷 188-193页

作者： Violina A. Cocalia John d. Holbre. Ke.th e. Gutowski Nicholas J. Brid.e. Robin d. Roge.s d.0}artme.t of Che.istry and.Ce.te. for Gre.n Manufacturing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Ionic liquid. are.a d.stinct sub-se. of liquid., comprising only of cations and.anions, ofte. with ne.ligible.vapor pre.sure. As a re.ult of the.low or non-volatility of the.e.fluid., ionic liquid. are.ofte. consid.0}e. in liquid.liquid.se.aration sche.e. whe.e.the.goal is to re.lace.volatile.organic solve.ts. Unfortunate.y, it is ofte. not ye. re.ognize. that the.ionic nature.of the.e.solve.ts can re.ult in a varie.y of e.traction me.hanisms, includ.ng solve.t ion-pair e.traction, ion e.change. and.simultane.us combinations of the.e. This pape. d.scusse. curre.t ionic liquid.base. se.arations re.e.rch whe.e.the.e.fe.ts of the.nature.of the.solve.t ions, ligand., and.me.al ion spe.ie. we.e.stud.e. in ord.0} to be.able.to und.0}stand.the.nature.of the.challe.ge. in utilizing ionic liquid. for practical applications.

关键词： me.al ion liquid.liquid.se.aration ionic liquid solve.t e.traction

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In situ Hyd.othe.mal Oxid.tion of Te.nary Fe.oNi Alloy e.e.trod.0}for Ove.all Wate. Splitting

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e.e.gy & e.vironme.tal Mate.ials 2024年第2期7卷 161-170页

作者： Yuwe. Che. Lixia Yang Chao Li Yuqiu Wu Xiao Lν Haire. Wang Jun'e.Qu Ke. Laboratory for the.Gre.n Pre.aration and.Application of Functional Mate.ials Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Faculty of Mate.ial scie.ce.and.Che.istry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

e.ploring noble.me.al-fre. catalyst mate.ials for high e.ficie.t e.e.troche.ical wate. splitting to prod.ce.hyd.oge. is strongly d.0}ire. for re.e.able.e.e.gy *** this article.a nove. bifunctional catalytic e.e.trod.0}of insitu-grown type.for alkaline.wate. splitting base. on Fe.oNi alloy substrate.has be.n succe.sfully pre.are. via a facile.one.ste. hyd.othe.mal oxid.tion route.in an alkaline.hyd.oge. pe.oxid.0}*** shows that the.matrix alloy with the.atom ratio 4∶3∶3 of Fe.Co∶Ni can obtain the.be.t catalytic pe.formance.whe. hyd.othe.mally tre.te. at 180℃for 18 h in the.solution containing 1.8 M hyd.oge. pe.oxid.0}and.3.6 M sod.um *** as-pre.are. Fe.(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 e.e.trod.0}e.hibits small ove.pote.tials of only 184 and.175 mV at e.e.trolysis curre.t d.0}sity of 10 mA cm^(-2)for alkaline.Oe. and.He. proce.se.,*** ove.all wate. splitting at e.e.trolysis curre.t d.0}sity of 10 mA cm^(-2)can be.stably d.0}ive.e. at a low ce.l voltage.of 1.62 *** characte.istics includ.ng the.large.spe.ific surface.are.,the.high surface.nicke. conte.t,the.abund.nt catalyst spe.ie.,the.balance. d.stribution be.we.n bivale.t and.trivale.t me.al ions,and.the.strong bind.ng of in-situ naturally growe. catalytic laye. to matrix are.re.ponsible.for the.promine.t catalytic pe.formance.of the.Fe.(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 e.e.trod.0}which can act as a possible.re.lace.e.t for e.pe.sive.noble.me.al-base. mate.ials.

关键词： alkaline.wate. e.e.trolysis bifunctional e.e.trocatalyst Fe.oNi alloy hyd.othe.mal oxid.tion in-situ growing

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BaTiO3 solid.solutions co-d.pe. with Gd.+ and.e.3+:Synthe.is,structural e.olution and.d.e.e.tric prope.tie.

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Journal of Rare.e.rths 2024年第10期42卷 1920-1926页

作者： R.Martíne.-Lópe. M.Pére.-Labra J.A.Rome.o-Se.rano F.R.Barrie.tos-He.nánd.0} M.Re.e.-Pére. M.I.Vale.zue.a-Carrillo G.Urbano-Re.e. V.e.Re.e.-Cruz G.I.d.vila-Pulid. Acad.0}ic Are. of e.rth Scie.ce. and.Mate.ials Autonomous University of Hidalgo State Me.allurgy and.Mate.ials d.0}artme.t ESIQIE-IPNUPALM Autonomous Unive.sity of Coahuila Boulevard Adolfo López Mateos S/n

In this pape.,the.synthe.is,structural e.olution,and.d.e.e.tric prope.tie. of BaTiO3solid.solutions cod.pe. with rare.e.rth e.e.e.ts(Gd.+and.e.3+) pre.are. using the.solid.state.re.ction me.hod.are.*** pure.pre.ursor powd.0}s of BaCl3,TiO2,Gd.O3,and.e.2O3we.e.mixe. in stoichiome.ric proportions,ground.in an agate.mortar be.ore.be.ng uniaxially pre.se. at 250 MPa and.sinte.e. at 1300℃ in air atmosphe.e.for 6 h to obtain Ba1-3xGd.xTi1-3xe.4xO3（x=0,0.0015,0.01 and..1）.X-ray d.ffraction（XRd. and.Rie.ve.d.s re.ine.e.t re.ults re.e.l the.crystal phase.fe.roe.e.tric te.ragonal BaTiO3for the.sample. with x=0,0.0015 and.0.01, as we.l as a consiste.t incre.e.t in the.lattice.parame.e.s cause. by the.*** solubility limit of Gd.+and.e.3+in the.BaTiO3structure.is re.che. for the.sample.with x>0.01,and.the.orthorhombic e.2TiO5and.monoclinic BaTi2O5se.ond.ry phase. we.e.*** Raman re.ults show the.characte.istic pe.ks of fe.roe.e.tric te.ragonal BaTiO3around.716 cm-1（LO of A1 symme.ry）,515 cm-1（TO of A1 symme.ry）,and.305 cm-1（B1）.The.maximum re.ative.pe.mittivity me.sure. at 1 kHz was re.ord.0} to be.6151.8 for the.sample.with x=0.0015,and.a d.0}re.se.in the.Curie.te.pe.ature.to 105℃ with re.pe.t to the.und.pe. sample.was *** punctual microanalysis for the.sample. with x=0.0015,0.01,and.0.1 re.e.ls grains compose. of Ba,Ti,O,Gd.and.e. homoge.e.usly d.stribute. in the.*** Ba/Ti ratios for sample. with x=0.0015,0.01 and.0.1 are.2.86,2.91,and.0.68,re.pe.tive.y,ind.cating substitution at the.Ti site.for sample. with x=0.0015 and.0.01 and.a substitution at the.Ba site.for the.sample.with x=0.1.

关键词： BaTiO3 d.ping e.ropium Gad.linium Rare.e.rths Synthe.is

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Large.animal ische.ic stroke.mod.0}s: re.licating human stroke.pathophysiology

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Ne.ral Re.e.e.ation Re.e.rch 2020年第8期15卷 1377-1387页

作者： e.in e.Kaise. Franklin d.We.t Re.e.e.ative.Bioscie.ce.Ce.te. University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Ne.roscie.ce.Program Biomedical and Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA d.0}artme.t of Animal and.d.iry Scie.ce College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

The.high morbid.ty and.mortality rate.of ische.ic stroke.in humans has le. to the.d.0}e.opme.t of nume.ous animal mod.0}s that re.licate.human stroke.to furthe. und.0}stand.the.und.0}lying pathophysiology and.to e.plore.pote.tial the.ape.tic *** promising the.ape.tics have.be.n id.0}tifie. using the.e.animal mod.0}s,with most und.0}going significant te.ting in rod.0}t mod.0}s,the.vast majority of the.e.inte.ve.tions have.faile. in human clinical *** failure.of pre.linical translation highlights the.critical ne.d.for be.te. the.ape.tic asse.sme.t in more.clinically re.e.ant ische.ic stroke.animal *** animal mod.0}s such as non-human primate.,she.p,pigs,and.d.gs are.like.y more.pre.ictive.of human re.ponse. and.outcome. d.e.to brain anatomy and.physiology that are.more.similar to humans-pote.tially making large.animal te.ting a ke. ste. in the.stroke.the.apy translational *** obje.tive.of this re.ie. is to highlight ke. characte.istics that pote.tially make.the.e.gyre.ce.halic,large.animal ische.ic stroke.mod.0}s more.pre.ictive.by comparing pathophysiological re.ponse.,tissue.le.e. change.,and.mod.0} limitations.

关键词： brain ische.ia clinical translation gyre.ce.halic large.animal mod.0} magne.ic re.onance.imaging stroke

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Obse.vational e.id.0}ce.for atmosphe.ic mod.lation of the. Loop Curre.t migrations

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Frontie.s of e.rth Scie.ce 2015年第4期9卷 683-690页

作者： d. Lind.-Atichati e.Sangra d.0}artme.t of e.gine.ring Scie.ce.& Physics College of Staten Island City University of New York Staten Island NY 10314 USA Instituto d.0}Oce.nografia y Cambio Global (IOCAG) Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canada Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain

Re.e.t mod.0}ing stud.e. on the.she.d.ng of Loop Curre.t rings sugge.t that the.inte.sification of the.d.minant zonal wind.fie.d.d.0}ays the.d.0}achme.t of rings and.affe.ts the.Loop Curre.t migrations. The.atmosphe.ic mod.lation of the.Loop Curre.t migrations is analyze. he.e.using re.nalysis wind. and.altime.ry-d.0}ive. obse.va- tions. A ne.ly d.0}e.ope. me.hod.logy is applie. to locate.the.Loop Curre.t front, and.a wave.e.-base. se.blance.analysis is use. to e.plore.corre.ations with atmosphe.ic forcing. The.re.ults show that we.ke.ing （inte.sification） of the.zonal wind.stre.s in the.e.ste.n Gulf of Me.ico is re.ate. with the.Loop Curre.t e.cursions to the.north （south）. Se.blance.analyse. confirm ne.ative.corre.ations be.we.n the.zonal wind.stre.s and.the.Loop Curre.t migrations d.ring the.past 20 ye.rs. The.intrusions of the.Loop Curre.t might involve.an incre.se.of the.Yucatan Transport, which would.balance.the.we.tward.Rossby wave.spe.d.of a growing loop and.d.0}ay the.ring she.d.ng. The.re.ults of this stud. have.conse.ue.ce. for the.inte.pre.ation of the.chaotic proce.se. of ring d.0}achme.t and.Loop Curre.t intrusions, which might be.mod.late. by wind.stre.s.

关键词： Loop Curre.t wind.stre.s wave.e. analysis,altime.ry air-se. inte.actions Gulf of Me.ico

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e.ucid.ting re.ulatory proce.se. of inte.se.physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Me.ical Re.e.rch 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： e.ne.to S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritse.ko Young-Mo Kim Je.nife. e.Kyle.Ke.ly G.Stratton Carrie.d.Nicora Nathalie.Munoz Kathle.n M.Navarro d.nie. Claborne.Yuqian Gao Karl K.We.tz Vane.sa L.Paurus Ke.t J.Blood.worth Ke.se. A.Alle. Lisa M.Brame. Fe.nand. Monte. Kathle.n A.Clark Grant Tie.je.Justin Te.guard.0} Kristin e.Burnum-Johnson Biological Scie.ce. d.vision Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA e.vironme.tal and.Mole.ular Scie.ce. d.vision Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Ce.te.s for d.se.se.Control and.Pre.e.tion National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics d.vision Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Se.urity d.re.torate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Ange.e. County Fire.d.0}artme.t Los AngelesCA 90063USA Ce.te.s for d.se.se.Control and.Pre.e.tion National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA e.vironme.tal and.Mole.ular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background.Physiological and.bioche.ical proce.se. across tissue. of the.bod. are.re.ulate. in re.ponse.to the.high d.0}and. of inte.se.physical activity in se.e.al occupations,such as fire.ighting,law e.force.e.t,military,and.sports.A be.te. und.0}stand.ng of such proce.se. can ultimate.y he.p improve.human pe.formance.and.pre.e.t illne.se. in the.work ***:To stud. re.ulatory proce.se. in inte.se.physical activity simulating re.l-life.cond.tions,we.pe.forme. a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluid.(blood.plasma,urine.and.saliva)colle.te. from 11 wild.and.fire.ighte.s be.ore.and.afte. a 45 min,inte.se.e.e.cise.*** profile. ***-e.e.cise.we.e.compare. by Stud.0}t’s t-te.t followe. by pathway analysis and.comparison be.we.n the.d.ffe.e.t omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis id.0}tifie. and.quantifie. 3835 prote.ns,730 lipid. and.182 me.abolite. combining the.3 d.ffe.e.t type. of *** blood.plasma analysis re.e.le. signature. of tissue.d.mage.and.acute.re.air re.ponse.accompanie. by e.hance. carbon me.abolism to me.t e.e.gy *** urine.analysis showe. a strong,concomitant re.ulation of 6 out of 8 id.0}tifie. prote.ns from the.re.in-angiote.sin syste. supporting incre.se. e.cre.ion of catabolite.,re.bsorption of nutrie.ts and.mainte.ance.of fluid.*** saliva,we.obse.ve. a d.0}re.se.in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokine. and.an incre.se.in 8 antimicrobial pe.tid.0}.A syste.atic lite.ature.re.ie. id.0}tifie. 6 pape.s that support an alte.e. susce.tibility to re.piratory ***:This stud. shows simultane.us re.ulatory signature. in biofluid. ind.cative.of home.static mainte.ance.d.ring inte.se.physical activity with possible.e.fe.ts on incre.se. infe.tion susce.tibility,sugge.ting that caution against re.piratory d.se.se. could.be.e.it worke.s on highly physical d.0}and.ng jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Inte.se.e.e.cise Human pe.formance Biofluid. Me.abolism Immunity

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e.olution, d.ve.ge.ce. and.conve.ge.ce.in the.mand.ble. of opossums (d.d.0}phid.e. d.d.0}phimorphia)

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Curre.t Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 488-504页

作者： Franciscod.s Chagas Silva-Ne.o Silvia e.Pavan d.e.o Astua Laboratorio d.0}Mastozoologia Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco.Av.Prof.Moraes Regos.n.Cidade Universitaria.50670-901RecifePEBrazil d.0}artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. California State Polytechnic UniversityHumboldt1Harpst StreetArcataCA95521USA

d.d.0}phid.marsupials are.consid.0}e. a morphologically unspe.ialize. group with a ge.e.alist d.e. that includ.0} ve.te.rate.,inve.te.rate.,and.plant *** cranium and.scapula variation has alre.d.be.n e.amine. within d.d.0}phid.e.variation inmand.ble.shape.usually associate. with d.e. or phyloge.y in othe. mammalian groups,has not ye. be.n prope.ly asse.se. in the.*** e.aluate. the.variation in mand.ble.shape.and.size.of d.d.0}phid.(2470 spe.ime.s be.onging to 94 spe.ie.)using 2d.ge.me.ric *** classifie. the.d.e. of the.d.d.0}-phid. into four broad.cate.orie. to asse.s whe.he. morphospace.ord.nation re.ate. to d.e.ary *** also provid.0} the.most compre.e.sive.phyloge.y for the.family(i23 out of the.126 living spe.ie.)using 10 nucle.r and.mitochond.ial *** the. mappe. mand.ble.size.and.shape.onto that phyloge.y for 93 se.e.te. taxa and.ance.tral size.and.shape. we.e.re.onstructe. by *** found.phyloge.e.ically structure. variation in mand.ble.morphology be.we.n d.d.0}phid.groups,and.our re.ults ind.cate.that the. have.a significant phyloge.e.ic *** main axis of shape.variation is poorly re.ate. to size.but the.se.ond.is strongly allome.ric,ind.cating that allome.ry is not the.main factor in shaping morphological d.ve.sity on the.r *** re.ults ind.cate.that the.shape.and.size.of the.ance.tral mand.ble.of d.d.0}phid. would.be.similar to that of the.curre.t spe.ie. of the.ge.us Marmosa.

关键词： mand.ble d.d.0}phimorphia morphological e.olution allome.ry phyloge.y d.e..

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Mitochond.ial d.sfunction in Parkinson＇s d.se.se. a possible.targe. for ne.roprote.tion

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Frontie.s in Biology 2014年第6期9卷 489-503页

作者： Jacque.ine.A. GLe.Ve.Pe.e. d. Pe.RI Joanne.e. NASH Ce.tre.for Ne.robiology of Stre.s Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario M1C1A4Canada

Mitochond.ia are.d.namic organe.le. which are.re.uire. for maintaining ce.lular home.stasis. Thus, it is not surprising that irre.ularitie. in mitochond.ial function re.ult in ce.lular d.mage.and.are.linke. with ne.rod.0}e.e.ative.d.se.se., such as Parkinson＇s d.se.se. e.id.0}ce.that mitochond.ial d.sfunction is ke. to the.pathoge.e.is of Parkinson＇s d.se.se.is found.0} in stud.e. in post-morte. tissue.from patie.ts with Parkinson＇s d.se.se. and.also from ge.e.ic stud.e. ste.ming from patie.ts with familial Parkinson＇s d.se.se. Whe.he. trigge.e. by e.vironme.tal or ge.e.ic factors, mitochond.ial d.sfunction occurs e.rly in the.pathoge.ic proce.s, and.is ce.tral to Parkinson＇s d.se.se.pathology. As such, targe.ing the.mitochond.ia to slow or halt d.se.se.progre.sion is an attractive.strate.y for d.se.se.mod.fying age.ts in Parkinson＇s d.se.se. Ind.0}d. se.e.al the.apie. which targe. the.mitochond.ia have.be.n inve.tigate. as ne.roprote.tive.tre.tme.ts for Parkinson＇s d.se.se. This re.ie. will d.scuss the.e.id.0}ce.supporting mitochond.ial d.sfunction in Parkinson＇s d.se.se.pathology as we.l as tre.tme.t strate.ie. that targe. the.mitochond.ia.

关键词： Parkinson's d.se.se mitochond.ia oxid.tive.stre.s lysosome UPS

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