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In-situ loading ne.tron-diffrac.ion studie. of a c.balt-base. supe.alloy

中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2006年第A2期16卷 144-148页

作者： M. L. Be.SON P. K LIAW H. c.OO T. A. SALe. D. W. BROWN M. R. DAYMOND X. L. WANG A. D. STOIc. e. c. oliver D. L. KLARSTROM De.artme.t of Mate.ials Sc.e.c.0}and e.gine.ring University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Me.als and c.0}amic. Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Los Alamos Ne.tron Sc.e.c.0}c.0}te. Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA De.artme.t of Me.hanic.l and Mate.ials e.gine.ring Queen＇s University Kingston ON K7L3N6 Canada Spallation Ne.tron Sourc. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA ISIS Pulse. Ne.tron and Muon Sourc. Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot OX 11 0QX UK Hayne. Inte.national Inc Kokomo IN 46904 USA

ULTIMe.® alloy is a c.balt-base. supe.alloy that unde.goe. a de.ormation-induc.0} phase.transformation from a fac.0}c.0}te.e.-c.bic.(fc.) phase.to a he.agonal-c.ose.pac.e. (hc.) phase. The.transformation was studie. during monotonic.loading, stre.s-c.ntrolle. high-c.c.e.fatigue.(Hc.) and strain-c.ntrolle. low-c.c.e.fatigue.(Lc.). The.Hc. was pe.forme. at a maximum stre.s of σmax=840 MPa and a minimum stre.s of σmin=84 MPa, while.the.te.sile.e.pe.ime.t was te.minate. afte. re.c.ing σmax=890 MPa. The.Lc. was pe.forme. at a maximum strain of σmax=1.25% and a minimum strain of σmin=-1.25%. The.monotonic.loading e.pe.ime.t re.ults re.e.l that the.hc. phase.forms afte. re.c.ing the.yie.d stre.s. During Hc., the.he.agonal phase.forms imme.iate.y upon the.first fatigue.c.c.e. with no furthe. c.ange.in struc.ure.upon subse.ue.t de.ormation. In c.ntrast to Hc., the.hc. phase.forms gradually during Lc.. In fac., fatigue.c.c.e.12 is re.c.e. be.ore.the.hc. phase.is re.olve. by ne.tron diffrac.ion. Diffrac.ion patte.ns from subse.ue.t fatigue.c.c.e. re.e.l that the.hc. phase.c.ntinue. to ac.umulate.as Lc. progre.se.. The.e.obse.vations c.n be.re.ate. to the.input of me.hanic.l e.e.gy during diffe.e.t loading mode..

关键词：钴基高温合金现场加载中子衍射 fc. hc. 相变

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On Quasi-Re.uc.0} Quadratic.Forms

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Ac.a Mathe.atic. Sinic.,e.glish Se.ie. 2010年第8期26卷 1425-1448页

作者： e. DUBOIS c. Le.e.QUe e.ge.e.Dubois UMR 6138 CNRS Dep. de mathematiques et mecanique BP 5186 U. de Caen Basse-Normandie 14032 Caen France c.aude.Le.e.que CICMA et Departement de mathematiques et de statistique U. Laval Quebec P. Qudbec Canada G1K 7P4

With the.he.p of c.ntinue. frac.ions, we.plan to list all the.e.e.e.ts of the.se. Q△ = {aX2 ＋ bXY ＋ c.2 ： a,b, c.∈Z, b2 - 4ac.= △ with 0 ≤ b 〈 √△}of quasi-re.uc.0} quadratic.forms of fundame.tal disc.iminant △. As a matte. of fac., we.show that for e.c. re.uc.0} quadratic.form f = aX2 ＋ bXY ＋ c.2 = （a, b, c. of disc.iminant △〉0（and of sign σ（f） e.ual to the.sign of a）, the.quadratic.forms assoc.ate. with f and de.ine. by {〈a＋bu＋c.2,b＋2c..c.},with 1≤σ（f）u≤b/2｜c. （whe.e.e. the. e.ist）, 〈c.-b-2c.,a＋bu＋c.2〉 with b/2｜c.≤σ（f）u≤[w（f）]=[b＋√△/2｜c.], are.all diffe.e.t from one.anothe. and build a se. I（f） whose.c.rdinality is #I（f）={1＋[ω（f）],whe.（2c.｜b,[ω（f）],whe. （2c.｜b. If f and g are.two diffe.e.t re.uc.0} quadratic.forms, we.show that I（f） ∩ I（g） = Ф. Our main re.ult is that the.se. Q△ is give. by the.disjoint union of all I（f） with f running through the.se. of re.uc.0} quadratic.forms of disc.iminant △〉0. This allows us to de.uc.0}a formula for #（Q△） involving sums of partial quotie.ts of c.0}tain c.ntinue. frac.ions.

关键词： Quadratic.forms re.uc.0} forms e.uivale.c.0}of forms c.ass numbe.s quadratic.fie.ds,c.ntinue. frac.ions

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Asse.sing Nitroge. Fe.tilization Strate.ie. in Winte. Whe.t and c.tton c.ops in Northe.n Gre.c.

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Pe.osphe.e 2012年第5期22卷 689-697页

作者： e. POLYc.RONAKI c. DOUMA c. GIOURGA A. LOUMOU De.artme.t of e.vironme.t University of the Aegean University Hill Xenia A 81100 Mytilene Lesvos (Greece) De.artme.t of Food Te.hnology Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata Antikalamos 24100 Kalamata (Greece)

The.manage.e.t of fe.tilize. applic.tion is c.uc.al for agric.ltural produc.ion and e.vironme.tal safe.y. The.obje.tive.of this study was to asse.s the.e.fic.e.c. of diffe.e.t fe.tilization strate.ie., applying fe.tilize.s with and without nitrific.tion inhibitors （NIs） in split applic.tion, in Gre.c.0} The.asse.sme.t c.ite.ia use. we.e.base. on c.op yie.d, soil nitroge. （N） c.nc.0}trations and e.onomic.e.fic.e.c.. For this purpose.two c.ops （winte. whe.t and c.tton） we.e.se.e.te. in orde. to e.plore.the.optimum fe.tilization strate.y for e.c. c.op. Thre. tre.tme.ts c.mbining fe.tilize.s with NIs we.e.te.te. c.mpare. with c.nve.tional fe.tilization （c.）. Slight diffe.e.c.0} in the.quantity and the.c.mbination of fe.tilize.s with NIs applie. re.ulte. in variable.e.fe.ts on c.op yie.d, soil N and e.onomic.re.urn. Split N applic.tion of 102 kg ha^（-1）, with half of the.total amount applie. at se.ding, re.ulte. in highe. grain yie.d of winte. whe.t, lowe. NO3-N in soil and highe. e.onomic.re.urn. This re.ult re.e.ls the.importanc.0}of N applic.tion at se.ding in whe.t c.op. Fe.tilization strate.y with 109.5 kg N ha^（-1） and split P applic.tion re.ulte. in highe. c.tton yie.d and highe. e.onomic.profit. Split P applic.tion se.me. to inc.e.se.yie.d, e.e. though it is not a c.mmon prac.ise.in the.are..

关键词： Me.ite.rane.n nitrific.tion inhibitors split applic.tion

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Dispe.sal be.avior c.rre.ate. with pe.sonality of a North Ame.ic.n fish

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c.rre.t Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 260-270页

作者： Josh e. RASMUSSe. Mark c. Be.K U.S. Fish and Wildlife.Se.vic. Klamath Falls OR 97603 USA De.artme.t of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

The.proc.0}s of dispe.sal is de.e.mine. by the.inte.ac.ion of individual （intrinsic. traits and e.vironme.tal （e.trinsic. fac.ors. Although many studie. addre.s and quantify dispe.sal, fe. e.aluate.both intrinsic.and e.trinsic.fac.ors jointly. We.te.t the.re.ative.importanc.0}of intrinsic.traits （e.ploration te.de.c. and size. and e.trinsic.fac.ors （population de.sity and habitat quality） on dispe.sal of a me.ium-size. we.te.n Unite. State. minnow, southe.n le.the.side.c.ub Le.idome.a alic.ae. A ge.e.alize. line.r mode. with a binomial re.ponse.was use. to de.e.mine.the.probability of individuals dispe.sing one.ye.r afte. tagging. Me.ium-size. individuals that we.e.more.prone.to e.plore.nove. e.vironme.ts we.e.10.7 time. more.like.y to be.re.apture. outside.of the.r original c.pture.are. afte. a ye.r （dispe.sal） c.mpare. to non-e.plore. individuals of the.same.size.c.ass. Diffe.e.c.0} be. twe.n e.plore. c.assific.tions within the.small and large.size.c.asse. we.e.ne.ligible. Ope. habitat within 50 m upstre.m also in- c.e.se. the.probability of dispe.sal re.ative.to c.ntrols. Re.ative.loc.tion within the.study re.c., and population de.sity we.e.not signific.ntly re.ate. to dispe.sal probabilitie. of individuals. Our re.ults indic.te.that unde.standing of pe.sonality may illuminate.patte.ns of dispe.sal within and among populations

关键词： Te.pe.ame.t Be.avioral phe.otype e.ploration Le.idome.a Pe.sonality-de.e.de.t

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Strong Suppre.sion of Syste.ic.Ac.uire. Re.istanc.0}in Arabidopsis by NRR is De.e.de.t on its Ability to Inte.ac. with NPRland its Putative.Re.re.sion Domain

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Mole.ular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 552-559页

作者： Mawshe.g c.e.n Patric. e. c.nlas Pame.a c. Ronald De.artme.t of Plant Pathology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Syste.ic.Ac.uire. Re.istanc.0}（SAR） in plants c.nfe.s lasting broad-spe.trum re.istanc.0}to pathoge.s and re.uire. the.phytohormone.salic.lic.ac.d （SA）. Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 is a ke. re.ulator of the.SAR re.ponse. Studie. atte.pting to re.e.l the.func.ion of NPR1 and how it me.iate. SA signaling have.le. to isolation of two c.asse. of prote.ns that inte.ac. with NPRI＂ the.first c.ass inc.ude. ric.0}NRR, Arabidopsis NIMIN1, NIMIN2, and NIMIN3, and tobac.o NIMIN2-1ike.prote.ns; the.se.ond c.ass be.ongs to TGA transc.iption fac.ors. We.have.pre.iously shown that ove.e.pre.sion of N RR in ric.0}suppre.se. both basal and Xa21-me.iate. re.istanc.0} In orde. to te.t whe.he. NRR affe.ts SA-induc.0}, NPRl-me.iate. SAR, we.have.transforme. Arabidopsis with the.ric.0}NRR ge.e.and te.te. its e.fe.ts on the.de.e.se.re.ponse. e.pre.sion of NRR in Arabidopsis re.ults in suppre.sion of PR ge.e.induc.ion by SAR induc.0} and re.istanc.0}to pathoge.s. The.e.phe.otype. are.e.e. more.se.e.e.than those.of the.nprl-1 mutant. The.ability of NRR to suppre.s PR ge.e.induc.ion and dise.se.re.istanc.0}is c.rre.ate. with its ability to bind to NPR1 be.ause.two point mutations in NRR, whic. re.uc.0}NPR1 binding, fail to suppre.s NPR1. In c.ntrast, wild-type.and a mutant NRR, whic. still binds to NPR1 strongly, re.ain the.ability to suppre.s the.SAR re.ponse. Re.lac.ng the.c.te.minal 79 amino ac.ds of NRR with the.VP16 ac.ivation domain turns the.fusion prote.n into a transc.iptional c.-ac.ivator. The.e.re.ults indic.te.that NRR binds to NPR1 in vivo in a prote.n c.mple. to inhibit transc.iptional ac.ivation of PR ge.e. and that NRR c.ntains a transc.iption re.re.sion domain for ac.ive.re.re.sion.

关键词： NRR NPR1 SA SAR dise.se.re.istanc.0}

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c.oosing be.we.n a roc. and a hard plac.0} c.mouflage.in the.round-taile. horne. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum

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c.rre.t Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 541-548页

作者： William e. c.OPe., Jr. Wade.c. SHe.BROOKe De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Southwe.te.n Re.e.rc. Station American Museum of Natural History PO Box 16553 Portal AZ 85632 USA

The.round-taile. home. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum is c.yptic.lly c.lore. and re.e.ble. a small stone.whe. it draws le.s c.ose.to its body and e.e.ate. its bac.. We.inve.tigate. e.fe.tive.e.s of c.mouflage.in P. mode.tum and its de.e.de.c.0}on stone. by plac.ng a lizard in one.of two mic.ohabitats （uniform sand or sand with surfac.0}roc.s approximate.y the.same.size.as lizards）. An obse.ve. who kne. whic. mic.ohabitat c.ntaine. the.lizard was aske. to loc.te.the.lizard visually. Late.c. to de.e.- tion was longe. and probability of no de.e.tion within 60 s was highe. for lizards on roc. bac.ground than on bare.sand. In are.as whe.e.lizards c.uld c.oose.to oc.upy roc. or bare.sand, muc. highe. proportions se.e.te. roc.y bac.grounds throughout the.day; at night all lizards sle.t among stone.. A unique.posture.give. P mode.tum a rounde. appe.ranc.0}similar to many natural stone.. Lizards oc.asionally adopte. the.posture. but none.did so in re.ponse.to a ne.rby e.pe.ime.te.. Stimuli that e.ic.t the.posture.are.unknown. That P. mode.tum is be.te. c.mouflage. among roc.s than on bare.sand and pre.e.s to oc.upy roc.y are.s sugge.ts that spe.ial re.e.blanc.0}to roc.s （masque.ade. e.hanc.0} c.mouflage.attributable.to c.loration and immobility.

关键词： Animal de.e.se Bac.ground matc.ing c.mouflage c.ypsis Masque.ade Squamata

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Switc.able.hydrophobic.hydrophilic.laye. obtaine. onto porous alumina by plasma-e.hanc.0} fluorination

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Sc.e.c.0}c.ina(Te.hnologic.l Sc.e.c.0}) 2009年第1期52卷 104-110页

作者： A. TRe.SAUD c. LABRUGèRe.e. DURAND c. BRIGOULe.X H. ANDRIe.Se. Institute.of c.nde.se. Matte. c.e.istry of Borde.ux (Ic.c.-c.RS) University Bordeaux 1 87 Avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer AGFA Ge.Ae.T NV Septestraat 27

c.nve.tional lithographic.printing proc.0}se. using porous alumina for offse. applic.tions ge.e.ally use."we." route.. Re.e.tly "dry" proc.0}se. have.be.n de.e.ope. whic. are.base. on a he.t-induc.0} hydrophilic.ole.philic.c.nve.sion of one.or more.laye.s of the.c.ating so that a stronge. affinity to-wards ink or wate. fountain is c.e.te. at the.e.pose. are.s with re.pe.t to the.surfac.0}of the.une.-pose. c.ating. Tre.tme.ts involving rf plasma-e.hanc.0} fluorination (Pe.) c.nstitute.e.c.0}tional tools for modifying the.surfac.0}prope.tie. of mate.ials. Many advantage. of the.e.te.hnique. c.n be.inde.d outline., whe. c.mpare. to more.c.nve.tional me.hods: room-te.pe.ature.re.c.ions, c.e.ic.l modi-fic.tions limite. to surfac.0}only without c.anging the.bulk prope.tie., possible.non-e.uilibrium re.c.tions. The.influe.c.0}of Pe. tre.tme.ts on porous alumina laye. use. in printing plate. has be.n te.te. with various fluorinate. gase. (c.4, c.F8 and c.F8) and c.arac.e.ize. by XPS. The.hydrophobic.prop-e.tie. of the.fluorinate. laye. have.be.n de.uc.0} from c.ntac. angle.me.sure.e.ts. Using c.F8 rf-Pe. tre.tme.t, the.outmost surfac.0}of the.hydrophilic.alumina substrate.use. for lithographic.printing is hydrophobize., or in othe. words, the.hydrophilic.substrate.is c.nve.te. into a support with hydro-phobic.prope.tie.. Onc.0}be.ng hydrophobize., the.surfac.0}laye. may be.re.de.e. hydrophilic.using a he.t pulse. thus giving rise.to switc.able.hydrophobic.hydrophilic.prope.tie. of the.mate.ial.

关键词： porous alumina rf-plasma fluorination offse. applic.tions hydrophobic.hydrophilic switc.able laye. XPS c.ntac. angle

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Quantitative.Variation in Wate.-Use.e.fic.e.c. ac.oss Wate. Re.ime. and Its Re.ationship with c.rc.dian, Ve.e.ative. Re.roduc.ive. and Le.f Gas-e.c.ange.Traits

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Mole.ular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 653-668页

作者： c.ristine.e. e.wards Bre.t e. e.e.s c. Robe.tson Mc.lung Ping Lou c.nthia We.nig De.artme.t of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Pre.e.t addre.s： USAc.0}e.Dc Environmental Laboratory 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg MS 39180 USA Program in e.ology University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA De.artme.t of Biologic.l Sc.e.c.0} Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA

Drought limits light harve.ting, re.ulting in lowe. plant growth and re.roduc.ion. One.trait important for plant drought re.ponse.is wate.-use.e.fic.e.c. （WUe.. We.inve.tigate. （1） how the.joint ge.e.ic.arc.ite.ture.of WUe. re.roduc.ive.c.arac.e.s, and ve.e.ative.traits c.ange. ac.oss drought and we.l-wate.e. c.nditions, （2） whe.he. traits with distinc. de.e.opme.tal base. （e.g. le.f gas e.c.ange.ve.sus re.roduc.ion） diffe.e. in the.e.vironme.tal se.sitivity of the.r ge.e.ic.arc.ite.ture. and （3） whe.he. quantitative.variation in c.rc.dian pe.iod was re.ate. to drought re.ponse.in Brassic. rapa. Ove.all, WUe.inc.e.se. in drought, primarily be.ause.stomatal c.nduc.anc.0} and thus wate. loss, de.line. more.than c.rbon fixation. Ge.otype. with the.highe.t WUe.in drought e.pre.se. the.lowe.t WUe.in we.l-wate.e. c.nditions, and had the.large.t ve.e.ative.and floral organs in both tre.tme.ts. Thus, large.c.ange. in WUe.e.able. some.ge.otype. to approac. ve.e.ative.and re.roduc.ive.trait optima ac.oss e.vironme.ts. The.ge.e.ic.arc.ite.ture.diffe.e. for gas-e.c.ange.and ve.e.ative.traits ac.oss drought and we.l-wate.e. c.nditions, but not for floral traits. c.rre.ations be.we.n c.rc.dian and le.f gas-e.c.ange.traits we.e.signific.nt but did not vary ac.oss tre.tme.ts, indic.ting that c.rc.dian pe.iod affe.ts physiologic.l func.ion re.ardle.s of wate. availability. The.e.re.ults sugge.t that WUe.is important for drought tole.anc.0}in Brassic. rapa and that artific.al se.e.tion for inc.e.se. WUe.in drought will not re.ult in maladaptive.e.pre.sion of othe. traits that are.c.rre.ate. with WUe.

关键词： Brassic. rapa drought e.ophysiology floral traits G matrix le.f gas-e.c.ange.traits wate.-use.e.fic.e.c. ve.e.ative.traits

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Influe.c.0}of zone.formation on stability of c.ntinuous fluidize. be. laye.ing granulation with e.te.nal produc. c.assific.tion

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Partic.ology 2015年第6期13卷 1-7页

作者： c. Dre.sc.ultze.c. Ne.ge.aue. S. Palis A. Buc. e. Tsotsas S. He.nric. A. Kie.le Otto yon Gue.ic.e.Unive.sity Universit~tsplatz 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Max Planc. Institute.for Dynamic. of c.mple. Te.hnic.l Syste.s Sandtorstraabe 1 D-39106 Magdeburg Germanyc Hamburg Unive.sity of Te.hnology Denickestrae 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany

c.ntinuous fluidize. be. laye.ing granulation with e.te.nal produc. c.assific.tion and a sie.e.mill c.c.e.c.n show instability in the.form of se.f-sustaine. nonline.r osc.llations of the.partic.e.size.distribution. In the.pre.e.t study, the.stability and bifurc.tion analysis of this proc.0}s is pre.e.te.. The.unde.lying proc.0}s mode.s e.plic.tly ac.ount for c.mpartme.talization of the.fluidize. be. into a granulation and a drying zone. whic. is an important fe.ture.of many te.hnic.l proc.0}se.. Implic.tions for plant ope.ations are.disc.sse. with the.he.p of stability diagrams as a func.ion of zone.size. re.ide.c.0}time.within diffe.e.t zone., the.addition of e.te.nal se.ds and partic.lar prope.tie. of the.sie.e.mill c.c.e.

关键词： Fluidize. be. Granulation Population balanc. Stability Bifurc.tion

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Mic.ofluidic.bac.e.ial traps for simultane.us fluore.c.0}c.0}and atomic.forc.0}mic.osc.py

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Nano Re.e.rc. 2017年第11期10卷 3896-3908页

作者： oliver Pe.ic.Me.anie.Hanne.e.le.Jonathan D. Adams Ge.rg e. Fantne. Laboratory for Bio-and Nano-Instrume.tation Institute of Bioengineering School of Engineering EPFL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

The.atomic.forc.0}mic.osc.pe.has be.ome.an e.tablishe. re.e.rc. tool for imaging mic.oorganisms with unpre.e.e.te. ***,its use.in mic.obiology has be.n limite. by the.diffic.lty of prope. bac.e.ial ***,we.have.de.e.ope. a mic.ofluidic.de.ic.0}that solve. the.issue.of bac.e.ial immobilization for atomic.forc.0}mic.osc.py unde. physiologic.l *** de.ic.0}is able.to rapidly immobilize.bac.e.ia in we.l-de.ine. positions and subse.ue.tly re.e.se.the.c.0}ls for quic. sample.*** de.e.ope. de.ic.0}also allows simultane.us fluore.c.0}c.0}analysis to asse.s the.bac.e.ial viability during atomic.forc.0}mic.osc.pe.*** de.onstrate. the.pote.tial of our approac. for the.immobilization of rod-shape. e.c.e.ic.ia c.li and Bac.llus *** our de.ic.0}we.obse.ve. buffe.-de.e.de.t morphologic.l c.ange. of the.bac.e.ial e.ve.ope.me.iate. by the.antimic.obial pe.tide.*** approac. to bac.e.ial immobilization make. sample.pre.aration muc. simple. and more.re.iable.the.e.y ac.e.e.ating atomic.forc.0}mic.osc.py studie. at the.single.c.0}l le.e..

关键词： atomic.forc.0}mic.osc.pe.(AFM) mic.ofabric.tion mic.ofluidic. mic.obiology c.rre.ative.mic.osc.py physic.l immobilization

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