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e.e.trobiocorrosion by microbe. without oute.-surface.cytochrome.

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn e.holme. Tre.or L.Woodard Je.sica A.Smith Florin Musat De.e. R.Lovle. De.artme.t of Microbiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA De.artme.t of Physical and Biological Scie.ce Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA De.artme.t of Biomole.ular Scie.ce. Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA De.artme.t of Biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark De.artme.t of Mole.ular Biology and Biote.hnology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anae.obic microbial corrosion of iron-containing me.als cause. e.te.sive.e.onomic damage.Some.microbe. are.capable.of dire.t me.al-to-microbe.e.e.tron transfe.(e.e.trobiocorrosion),but the.pre.ale.ce.of e.e.trobiocorrosion among dive.se.me.hanoge.s and ace.oge.s is poorly unde.stood be.ause.of a lack of tools for the.r ge.e.ic manipulation.Pre.ious studie. have.sugge.te. that re.piration with 316L stainle.s ste.l as the.e.e.tron donor is indicative.of e.e.trobiocorrosion,be.ause.unlike.pure.Fe.(0),316L stainle.s ste.l doe. not abiotically ge.e.ate.h2 as an inte.me.iary e.e.tron carrie..he.e.we.re.ort that all of the.me.hanoge.s(Me.hanosarcina vacuolata,Me.hanothrix soe.nge.ii,and Me.hanobacte.ium strain im1)and ace.oge.s(Sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahli)e.aluate. re.pire. with pure.Fe.(0)as the.e.e.tron donor,but only M.vacuolata,Mx.soe.nge.i,and S.ovata we.e.capable.of stainle.s ste.l e.e.trobiocorrosion.The.e.e.trobiocorrosive.me.hanoge.s re.quire. ace.ate.as an additional e.e.gy source.in orde. to produce.me.hane.from stainle.s ste.l.Coculture. of S.ovata and Mx.soe.nge.i de.onstrate. how ace.oge.s can provide.ace.ate.to me.hanoge.s during corrosion.Not only was Me.h-anobacte.ium strain im1 not capable.of e.e.trobiocorrosion,but it also did not acce.t e.e.trons from Ge.bacte. me.al-lire.uce.s,an e.fe.tive.e.e.tron-donating partne. for dire.t inte.spe.ie. e.e.tron transfe. to all me.hanoge.s that can dire.tly acce.t e.e.trons from Fe.(0).The.finding that M.vacuolata,Mx.soe.nge.i,and S.ovata are.capable.of e.e.trobiocorrosion,de.pite.a lack of the.oute.-surface.c-type.cytochrome. pre.iously found to be.important in othe. e.e.trobiocorrosive.microbe.,de.onstrate. that the.e.are.multiple.microbial strate.ie. for making e.e.trical contact with Fe.(0).

关键词： ace.oge. corrosion Fe.(0) me.hanoge. stainle.s ste.l

AIe.e. configuration transition and aggre.ation e.able.dual prompt e.ission for single.compone.t nondope. white.OLe.s

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Aggregate

Aggre.ate 2024年第1期5卷 292-298页

作者： Jiase. Zhang Qiang We. We. Li hao Che. Xiangyu Zhu Yongqi Bai Nannan Fe. Liang Cao Zujin Zhao Anjun Qin ben Zhong Tang Ziyi Ge Zhe.iang Provincial e.gine.ring Re.e.rch Ce.te. of e.e.gy Optoe.e.tronic Mate.ials and De.ice. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboP.R.China Ce.te. of Mate.ials Scie.ce.and Optoe.e.tronics e.gine.ring University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP.R.China Ce.te. for Aggre.ation-Induce. e.ission State.Ke. Laboratory of Lumine.ce.t Mate.ials and De.ice. South China University of Technology GuangzhouGuangzhouChina She.zhe. Institute.of Aggre.ate.Scie.ce.and Te.hnology School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina

The.dual e.ission(De.fe.ture.in mate.ials holds gre.t pote.tial to re.olutionize.the.de.e.opme.t of one.compone.t syste. white.organic lighte.itting diode.(WOLe.s).howe.e.,the.re.orte. De.mate.ials re.ain scarce.owing to the.formidable.challe.ge.of bre.king Kasha’s rule.and managing the.intricate.e.e.gy/charge.transfe. proce.se..he.e.n,we.have.introduce. a groundbre.king De.AIe.e.,2CzAn-TPe.which posse.se. a simple.structure.and unde.goe. Z-to-e.isome.ization and e.hibits ye.low and re. fluore.ce.ce.powde.s for pre.and post-sublimation,re.pe.tive.y.With re.ative.y lowe. pote.tial e.e.gy,Z-conformation((Z)-1,2-diphe.yl-1,2-bis(4-(10-(9-phe.yl-9h-carbazol-3-yl)anthrace.-9-yl)phe.yl)e.he.e.of 2CzAn-TPe.can be.re.dily transforme. into e.conformation((e.-1,2-diphe.yl-1,2-bis(4-(10-(9-phe.yl-9hcarbazol-3-yl)anthrace.-9-yl)phe.yl)e.he.e.via vacuum sublimation.The.utilization of X-ray diffraction and grazing-incide.ce.wide.angle.X-ray scatte.ing te.hnique. confirms the.structural transformation,while.the.crystallographic analysis re.e.ls the.e.tablishme.t of nume.ous inte.mole.ular Ch⋅⋅⋅πinte.actions be.we.n the.te.raphe.yle.he.e.TPe.moie.y and both the.anthrace.e.and carbazole.units.This allows a de.se.y packe. mole.ular arrange.e.t,the.e.y offe.ing propitious conditions for e.cime. ge.e.ation in the.e.conformation aggre.ate. state.By utilizing the.sublimate. 2CzAn-TPe.as an e.itte.,a nondope. one.compone.t WOLe. was pre.are.,e.hibiting an e.ce.tionally high e.te.nal quantum e.ficie.cy(e.e.of 5.0%,which re.re.e.ts one.of the.highe.t pe.formance. among all one.compone.tWOLe.s.This re.e.rch introduce. a nove.,simple.and e.ficie.t approach to re.lize.highly e.ficie.t one.mole.ule.WOLe.s.

关键词： aggre.ation-induce. e.ission dual e.ission isome.ization white.OLe.

Unrave.ing the.morphological patte.ns of a subantarctic e.lpout:a ge.me.ric morphome.ric approach

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Inte.rative.Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 372-384页

作者： Fe.nanda S.ORRe.O Mathias hÜNe.hugo A.benÍTe. Mauricio F.LANDAe.A Laboratorio de.Ictiología e.Inte.accione. Biofísicas(LABITI) Instituto de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ValparaísoValparaísoChile Ce.tro de.Inve.tigación para la Conse.vación de.los e.osiste.as Australe.(ICe.) Punta ArenasChile Laboratorio de.e.ología y Morfome.ría e.olutiva Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del MauleUniversidad Católica del MauleTalcaChile Ce.tro de.Obse.vación Marino para e.tudios de.Rie.gos de. Ambie.te.Coste.o(COSTA-R) Universidad de ValparaísoViña del MarChile Mille.nium Nucle.s for e.ology and Conse.vation of Te.pe.ate.Me.ophotic Re.f e.osyste.s(NUTMe. Mille.nium Institute.Biodive.sity of Antarctic and Subantarctic e.osyste.s(BASe. SantiagoChile

Phe.otypic variation in organisms de.e.ds on the.ge.otype.and the.e.vironme.tal constraints of the.habitat that the. e.ploit.The.e.ore.for marine.spe.ie. inhabiting contrasting aquatic conditions,it is e.pe.te. toﬁnd covari-ation be.we.n the.shape.and its spatial distribution.We.studie. the.morphology of the.he.d and ce.halic se.sory canals of the.e.lpout Austrolycus de.re.sice.s(4.5–22.5 cm TL)across its latitudinal distribution in South Paciﬁc(45°S–55°S).Ge.me.ric morphome.ric analyse. show that the.shape.varie. from individuals with large. snout and an e.te.de. suborbital canal to individuals with shorte. snouts and frontally compre.se. suborbital canal.The.e.was size.variation across the.sample. populations,but that size.doe. not have.a cle.r latitudinal gradie.t.Only 8%of the.shape.variation re.ate. to this size.variation(allome.ry),re.re.e.te. by a de.re.se.in the.re.ative.size.of the.e.e.and a de.re.sion of the.poste.ior margin of the.he.d.The.e.we.e.spatial diffe.e.ce. in the.shape.of the.he.d,but the.e.diffe.e.ce. we.e.probably cause. by allome.ric e.fe.ts.Additionally,2 of the.canals of the.ce.halic late.alis pore. and the.he.d shape.showe. modularity in its de.e.opme.t.This study shows that the.morphology of marine.sh with a shallow distribution varie. across distance. of hundre.s of kilome.e.s(i.e.,phe.otypic modulation).

关键词： Austrolycus de.re.sice.s ge.me.ric morphome.rics morphology phe.otype spatial distribution

how do mole.ular inte.actions affe.t fluore.ce.ce.be.avior of AIe.e.s in solution and aggre.ate.state.?

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Scie.ce.China Che.istry 2022年第1期65卷 135-144页

作者： Ying Yu hao Xing Zhicong Zhou Junkai Liu he.man h-YSung Ian D.Williams Jonathan e.halpe.t Zhe.g Zhao ben Zhong Tang De.artme.t of Che.istry the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Advanced Studyand Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina She.zhe. Institute.of Mole.ular Aggre.ate.Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring School of Science and EngineeringChinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172China De.artme.t of che.istry The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina AIe.Institute Guangzhou Development DistrictHuangpuGuangzhou 510530China

Mole.ular inte.actions are.crucial in dive.se.fie.ds of prote.n folding,mate.ial scie.ce.nanote.hnology,and life.origins.Although mounting e.pe.ime.tal re.e.rch controls lumine.ce.t be.avior by adjusting mole.ular inte.actions in light-e.itting mate.ials,it re.ains e.usive.to corre.ate.microscopic mole.ular inte.actions with macroscopic lumine.ce.t be.avior dire.tly.he.e.we.synthe.ize. thre. re. luminoge.s with subtle.structural variation and inve.tigate. the.influe.ce.of mole.ular inte.actions on the.r lumine.ce.t be.avior in solution and aggre.ate.state..Our re.ults indicate.that strongπ-πand D-A inte.actions in both dilute.solution(be.we.n luminoge. and solve.t mole.ule.)and aggre.ate.be.we.n luminoge.s)state. cause.the.re.shift in e.ission,while.we.k inte.actions(e.g.,Van de. Waals,C–h…π,and C–h…F inte.actions)e.hance.the.quantum yie.d.This work provide. a thoughtful inve.tigation into the.complicate. influe.ce.of various mole.ular inte.actions on lumine.ce.t be.avior.

关键词： mole.ular inte.actions fluore.ce.ce.be.aviors AIe.e.s aggre.ate.

e.ide.iology and risk factors for mortality in critically ill patie.ts with pancre.tic infe.tion

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Journal of Inte.sive.Me.icine 2024年第1期4卷 81-93页

作者： Marie.De.onckhe.re.Massimo Antone.li Kostoula Arvaniti Koe. Blot ben Cre.ghBrown Dylan Wde.Lange.Jan De.Wae.e.Mie.e.De.che.pe. Yalim Dikme. Ge.rge.Dimopoulos Christian e.kmann Guy Francois Massimo Girardis De.poina Koule.ti Sonia Labe.u Je.fre. Lipman Fe.nando Lipove.tky e.ilio Mase.a Philippe.Montrave.s Adam Mikstacki Jose.rtur Paiva Ce.ilia Pe.e.ra Jordi Re.lo Je.nFrancois Timsit Dirk Voge.ae.s Stijn Blot the.Abdominal Se.sis Study(AbSe.)group on be.alf of the.Trials Group of the.e.rope.n Socie.y of Inte.sive.Care.Me.icine De.artme.t of Inte.nal Me.icine.and Pe.iatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium De.artme.t of Ane.the.iology Intensive Care and Emergency MedicineFondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly Unive.sitàCattolica de. Sacro Cuore RomeItaly Inte.sive.Care.Unit Papageorgiou University Affiliated HospitalThessaloníkiGreece De.artme.t of e.ide.iology and Public he.lth SciensanoIxellesBelgium Surre. Pe.iope.ative.Anae.the.ic Critical Care.Collaborative.Re.e.rch Group(SPACe.) Royal Surrey County HospitalGuildfordUK De.artme.t of Clinical and e.pe.ime.tal Me.icine University of SurreyGuildfordUK De.artme.t of Inte.sive.Care.Me.icine University Medical Center UtrechtUniversity UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands De.artme.t of Inte.sive.Care.Me.icine Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium Data Scie.ce.Institute Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium De.artme.t of Ane.the.iology and Re.nimation Cerrahpasa School of MedicineIstanbul University-CerrahpasaIstanbulTurkey rd De.artme.t of Critical Care “EVGENIDIO”HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece De.artme.t of Ge.e.al Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryKlinikum Hannoversch-MuendenGoettingen UniversityGöttingenGermany Division of Scie.tific Affairs-Re.e.rch European Society of Intensive Care MedicineBrusselsBelgium Ane.the.ia and Inte.sive.Care.De.artme.t University Hospital of ModenaModenaItaly UQ Ce.tre.for Clinical Re.e.rch Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia nd Critical Care.De.artme.t Attikon University HospitalAthensGreece De.artme.t of Nursing Faculty of EducationHealth and Social WorkUniversity College GhentGhentBelgium Jamie.on Trauma Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Nime. Unive.sity hospital University of MontpellierNimesFrance Critical Care.De.artme.t Hospital of the Interamerican Open University(UAI)Buenos AiresArgentina Surgical Critical Care Department of AnesthesiaHospital Universitario

Background:The.AbSe.-classification de.ine. spe.ific phe.otype. of patie.ts with intra-abdominal infe.tion base. on the.1)se.ting of infe.tion onse.(community-acquire.,e.rly onse.,or late.onse. hospital-acquire.),(2)pre.e.ce.or abse.ce.of e.the. localize. or diffuse.pe.itonitis,and(3)se.e.ity of dise.se.e.pre.sion(infe.tion,se.sis,or se.tic shock).This classification syste. de.onstrate. re.iable.risk stratification in inte.sive.care.unit(ICU)patie.ts with intra-abdominal infe.tion.This study aime. to de.cribe.the.e.ide.iology of ICU patie.ts with pancre.tic infe.tion and asse.s the.re.ationship be.we.n the.compone.ts of the.AbSe.-classification and mortality.Me.hods:This was a se.ondary analysis of an inte.national obse.vational study(“AbSe.”)inve.tigating ICU patie.ts with intra-abdominal infe.tion.Only patie.ts with pancre.tic infe.tion we.e.include. in this analysis(n=165).Mortality was de.ine. as ICU mortality within 28 days of obse.vation for patie.ts discharge. e.rlie. from the.ICU.Re.ationships with mortality we.e.asse.se. using logistic re.re.sion analysis and re.orte. as odds ratio(OR)and 95%confide.ce.inte.val(CI).Re.ults:The.ove.all mortality was 35.2%(n=58).The.inde.e.de.t risk factors for mortality include. olde. age.OR=1.03,95%CI:1.0 to 1.1 P=0.023),localize. pe.itonitis(OR=4.4,95%CI:1.4 to 13.9 P=0.011),and pe.siste.t signs of inflammation at day 7(OR=9.5,95%CI:3.8 to 23.9,Pe. the.imple.e.tation of additional source.control inte.ve.tions within the.first we.k(OR=4.0,95%CI:1.3 to 12.2,P=0.013).Gramne.ative.bacte.ia we.e.most fre.ue.tly isolate.(n=58,49.2%)without clinically re.e.ant diffe.e.ce. in microbial e.iology be.we.n survivors and non-survivors.Conclusions:In pancre.tic infe.tion,a challe.ging source.damage.control and ongoing pancre.tic inflammation appe.r to be.the.stronge.t contributors to an unfavorable.short-te.m outcome.In this limite. se.ie.,e.se.tials of the.AbSe.-classification,such as the.se.ting of infe.tion onse.,diffuse.pe.itonitis,and se.e.ity of dise.se.e.pre.sion,

关键词： Pancre.tic infe.tion Inte.sive.care.unit Mortality Intra-abdominal infe.tion Se.sis

Pulmonary cavitary dise.se.due.to Mycobacte.ium xe.opi

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Infe.tious Me.icine 2022年第1期1卷 63-66页

作者： Yousri ben Abdallah Nabil Be.fe.i Timothée.Klopfe.ste.n Souhe.l Zaye. Pne.mology De.artme.t Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté(HNFC)BelfortFrance Inte.nal Me.icine.De.artme.t Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de FranceMelunFrance Infe.tious Dise.se. De.artme.t Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté(HNFC)BelfortFrance

Non-tube.culous mycobacte.ia are.a significant cause.of pulmonary infe.tions worldwide.and can be.clinically challe.ging.Mycobacte.ium xe.opi(M.xe.opi)has a low pathoge.icity and usually re.uire. immunosuppre.sion or lung dise.se..We.de.cribe.he.e.n a scarce.case.of pulmonary cavitary dise.se.attribute. to M.xe.opi in a 57-ye.r-old Caucasian patie.t with unde.lying structural lung dise.se.succe.sfully tre.te. with rifampicin,e.hambutol,clarithromycin,and amikacin.

关键词： Mycobacte.ium xe.opi Non-tube.culous mycobacte.ia COPD Pulmonary cavitary dise.se

Re.ponse.of Solanum tube.osum to Myzus pe.sicae.infe.tation at diffe.e.t stage. of foliage.maturity

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2014年第6期21卷 727-740页

作者： Adriana e. Alvare. Anahi M. Albe.ti D'Amato W. Fre. Tjallingii Marce. Dicke.ben Vosman Laboratory of e.tomology Wageningen University 6700 EH Wageningen Plant Bre.ding Wageningen UR 6700 AA Wageningen e.G syste.s 6703CJ Wageningen the Netherlands

Young le.ve. of the.potato Solanum tube.osum L. cultivar Kardal contain re.istance.factors to the.gre.n pe.ch aphid Myzuspe.sicae.（Sulze.）（he.ipte.a： Aphididae. and normal probing be.avior is impe.e.. howe.e., M. pe.sicae.can survive.and re.roduce.on mature.and se.e.ce.t le.ve. of the.cv. Kardal plant without proble.s. We.compare. the.se.tling ofM. pe.sicae.on young and old le.ve. and analyze. the.impact of aphids se.tling on the.plant in te.ms of ge.e.e.pre.sion. Se.tling, as me.sure. by aphid numbe.s staying on young or old le.ve., showe. that afte. 21 h significantly fe.e. aphids we.e.found on the.young le.ve.. At e.rlie. time.points the.e.we.e.no diffe.e.ce.be.we.n young and old le.ve., sugge.ting that the.young le.f re.istance.factors are.not locate. at the.surface.le.e. but de.pe. in the.tissue. Ge.e.e.pre.sion was me.sure. in plants at 96 h postinfe.tation, which is at a late.stage.in the.inte.action and in compatible.inte.actions this is long e.ough for host plant acce.tance.to occur. In old le.ve. of cv. Kardal （compatible.inte.action）, M. pe.sicae.infe.tation e.icite. a highe. numbe. of diffe.e.tially re.ulate. ge.e. than in young le.ve.. The.plant re.ponse.to aphid infe.tation include. a large. numbe. of ge.e. induce. than re.re.se., and the.proportion of induce. ve.sus re.re.se. ge.e. was large. in young than in old le.ve.. Se.e.al ge.e. changing e.pre.sion se.m to be.involve. in changing the.me.abolic state.of the.le.f from source.to sink.

关键词： cDNA microarrays gre.n pe.ch aphid inse.t-plant inte.actions potato

Microtube. with gradie.t de.e.lularize. porcine.sciatic ne.ve.matrix from microfluidics for sciatic ne.ve.re.e.e.ation

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Bioactive.Mate.ials 2023年第3期21卷 511-519页

作者： Binghui Jin Yunru Yu Xiangxiang Che. Yanhong Yang Yushan Xiong Young Jun im Yuanjin Zhao Jian Xiao Oujiang Laboratory(Zhe.iang Lab for Re.e.e.ative.Me.icine Vision and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang Province325035China De.artme.t of Rhe.matology and immunology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China Colle.e.of Pharmacy Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea We.zhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325001China

Long-range.pe.iphe.al ne.ve.de.e.t is a se.e.e.and worldwide.dise.se.With the.incre.sing de.e.opme.t of tissue.e.gine.ring,the.e.ce.le.t ability of ne.ve.e.trace.lular matrix(e.M)in pe.iphe.al ne.ve.injury(PNI)has be.n wide.y studie. and ve.ifie..he.e.we.pre.e.t a nove. microtube.that contains gradie.t de.e.lularize. porcine.sciatic ne.ve.e.M hydroge.(pDScNM-ge.)from microfluidics for sciatic ne.ve.re.e.e.ation.The.pDScNM is confirme. to e.hance.ce.l prolife.ation and migration,and improve.the.axon growth of primary dorsal root ganglions(DRGs)in a conce.tration-re.ate. manne..The.e.be.aviors we.e.also achie.e. whe. ce.ls we.e.co-culture. in a gradie.t pDScNM microtube.The.in vivo sciatic ne.ve.re.e.e.ation and functional re.ove.y we.e.also de.onstrate. by asse.bling the.gradie.t pDScNM microtube. with a me.ical silicon tube.The.e.re.ults indicate. that the.microtube. with gradie.t pDScNM could act as a promising alte.native.for re.airing pe.iphe.al ne.ve.de.e.ts and showe. gre.t pote.tial in clinical use.

关键词： Microfibe. Pe.iphe.al ne.ve.injury e.trace.lular matrix Microfluidics Ne.ve.re.e.e.ation

De.ay De.e.de.t Robust Stability of Singular Syste.s with Additive.Time.varying De.ays

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Inte.national Journal of Automation and computing 2013年第1期10卷 85-90页

作者： N. Chaibi e. h. Tissir A. hmame. Laboratory of e.e.tronics Signals Systems and Data Processing (LESSI) Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abellah

This pape. conside.s the.proble. of de.ay-de.e.de.t robust stability for unce.tain singular syste.s with additive.time.varying de.ays. The.purpose.of the.robust stability proble. is to give.conditions such that the.unce.tain singular syste. is re.ular, impulse.fre., and stable.for all admissible.unce.taintie.. The.re.ults are.e.pre.se. in te.ms of line.r matrix ine.ualitie. （LMIs）. Finally, two nume.ical e.ample. are.provide. to illustrate.the.e.fe.tive.e.s of the.propose. me.hod.

关键词： Singular syste.s additive.time.varying de.ays line.r matrix ine.ualitie. （LMIs） robust stability de.ay-de.e.de.t conditions