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The.Implica.ion of Unre.ia.le.Urba. Wa.e. Supply Se.vice. The.Ca.e.of Ve.dor Wa.e. Cost in La.ga.a.Sub County, Na.robi City, Ke.ya

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Journa. of Wa.e. Re.ource.a.d Prote.tion 2019年第7期11卷 896-935页

作者： e. a. ochungo G. O. Ouma.J. P. O. Obie.o N. a. Ode.o Institute.for Clima.e.Cha.ge.a.d a.a.ta.ion (ICCa. University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya De.a.tme.t of Me.e.rology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya e.vironme.ta. a.d Biosyste.s e.gine.ring School of Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya De.a.tme.t of e.e.trica. a.d e.e.tronics e.gine.ring Machakos University Machakos Kenya

Studie. on urba. wa.e. supply se.vice.improve.e.ts continue.to dra. inte.e.t a.ross the.world. The.pre.sure.on fre.hwa.e. re.ource. is incre.sing in e.e.y re.ion in the.fa.e.of a. incre.sing de.a.d a.d clima.e.cha.ge.dyna.ics. La.ga.a.sub County in Na.robi city, Ke.ya.fa.e. drought induce. wa.e. shorta.e.a.d house.olds re.y on wa.e. ve.ding a.d bottle. wa.e. purcha.e. to a.gme.t the.ina.e.ua.e.municipa. wa.e. supplie.. Little.to our knowle.ge.ha. be.n done.to a.se.s the.cost implica.ion of such a.pra.tice.he.e. So the.study use. house.old surve. me.hod to colle.t monthly house.olds’ wa.e. bills comprising;utility compa.y, wa.e. ta.ke. de.ive.y a.d bottle. wa.e. purcha.e.from a.ra.domly sa.ple. 382 house.olds spre.d within the.five.wa.ds;Ka.e., South C, Mugumoini, Na.robi We.t a.d Nya.o Highrise. The.ga.e. communitie. ide.tifie. a.e.57. Simple.stocha.tic a.a.ysis of the.da.a.wa. done.a.te. da.a.cle.ning using MS e.ce.. It wa. found tha. the.municipa. wa.e. se.ve. up to 91.15% of the.tota. a.e.a.e.house.old monthly wa.e. de.a.d with a.cost sha.e.of 27.91%. Wa.e. ta.ke. de.ive.y me.ts 8.61% of the.house.old wa.e. de.a.d with a.cost sha.e.of 50.74%. The.bottle. wa.e. purcha.e. se.ve.0.24% of a.typica. house.old wa.e. de.a.d with a.tota. cost sha.e.of 21.35%. The.wa.e. supply de.icit which is a.me.e.8.85% me. by ta.ke. de.ive.ie. a.d bottle. wa.e. purcha.e. ha. a.tota. a.e.a.e.cost sha.e.of 72.09%. The.compute. cost burde. is 258%. This me.ns tha. the.house.olds pa. more.tha. two a.d a.ha.f time. e.tra.a.ove.the.utility bill pe. month. The.study re.omme.ds a.ne. wa.e. policy tha. will incorpora.e.the.role.of wa.e. ve.dors ope.a.e. on a.coope.a.ive.mode. by the.ga.e. communitie. using sta.da.d guide.ine..

关键词： Wa.e. Ve.ding Cost a.d Burde.

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a. a.se.sme.t of Groundwa.e. Gra. Syndrome.in La.ga.a.Sub County, Na.robi City-Ke.ya

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Journa. of Wa.e. Re.ource.a.d Prote.tion 2019年第5期11卷 651-673页

作者： e. a. ochungo G. O. Ouma.J. P. O. Obie.o N. a. Ode.o Institute.for Clima.e.Cha.ge.a.d a.a.ta.ion (ICCa. University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya De.a.tme.t of Me.e.rology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of e.gine.ring University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya De.a.tme.t of e.e.trica. a.d e.e.tronics e.gine.ring Machakos University Machakos Kenya

Inte.e.t on the.inve.tiga.ion of groundwa.e. de.le.ion thre.t is growing globa.ly a.d La.ga.a.sub County in Na.robi, the.ca.ita. city of the.Re.ublic of Ke.ya. is not a. e.ce.tion. Be.a.se.of drought-induce. wa.e. shorta.e. house.olds in La.ga.a.do re.y on bore.ole.wa.e. to a.gme.t the.r inte.mitte.t municipa. wa.e. supply syste.. Conse.ue.tly, the.e.is a. upsurge.of bore.ole.de.e.opme.ts a. drought e.e.ts unfold. Pre.ious studie. he.e.ha.e.focuse. on impa.t of bore.ole.de.ths a.d de.sity ye. little.se.ms to ha.e.be.n done.to compute.the.corre.a.ion coe.ficie.t be.we.n drought e.e.ts da.a.a.d historica. bore.ole.de.e.opme.t re.ords a. a. a.se.sme.t for groundwa.e. “gra.” syndrome. This study use. drought inde. computa.ion me.hod (SPI) a.ongside.othe. sta.istica. me.hods to se.k the.a.swe. to the.proble.. Using 57 ye.rs of monthly ra.nfa.l da.a.a.d 26 ye.rs of bore.ole.de.e.opme.t da.a. the.study e.ta.lishe. tha., the.e.is a.positive.corre.a.ion coe.ficie.t. Simila.ly, a.tre.d a.a.ysis of bore.ole.drilling a.d struck wa.e. le.e. de.ths indica.e. a.positive.pa.a.le. rising tre.d on both. Furthe., whe. the.bore.ole.distribution ma. a.d struck wa.e. le.e. contour ma.s we.e.plotte., a.sign of a.proba.le.we.l inte.fe.e.ce.during pumping wa. de.e.te., which howe.e., re.uire. a.ne. inve.tiga.ion to confirm the.syndrome.of groundwa.e. de.le.ion thre.t. The.study ha. contribute. to the.groundwa.e. de.le.ion re.e.rch by de.loying sta.istica. re.e.rch me.hods for risk de.e.tion. Fina.ly, the.study ha. propose. for a.ne. groundwa.e. ma.a.e.e.t policy tha. will e.coura.e.initia.ion of a.tificia. re.ha.ge.sche.e. for the.study site.a.d be.ond.

关键词： Drought Groundwa.e. De.le.ion a.d Susta.na.ility

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Improve. Re.ponse.to Wa.e. Shorta.e. a.Discre.e.Choice.e.pe.ime.t Study in La.ga.a.Sub County, Na.robi City-Ke.ya

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Journa. of Wa.e. Re.ource.a.d Prote.tion 2019年第9期11卷 1161-1187页

作者： e. a. ochungo G. O. Ouma.J. P. O. Obie.o N. a. Ode.o Institute.for Clima.e.Cha.ge.a.d a.a.ta.ion (ICCa. University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya De.a.tme.t of Me.e.rology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya e.vironme.ta. a.d Biosyte.s e.gine.ring School of Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya De.a.tme.t of e.e.trica. a.d e.e.tronics e.gine.ring Machakos University Machakos Kenya

This study a.me. a. ide.tifying the.most pre.e.re. wa.e. qua.ity tra.king syste. (WQTS) for a.option a.d the.de.e.mining fa.tors for the.sa.e.a.ong the.La.ga.a.sub County house.olds in Na.robi city, Ke.ya. Pe.re.ia. municipa. wa.e. shorta.e.in this ne.ghborhood ha. force. the.re.ide.ts to de.e.d on ve.de. wa.e. supplica.ion but whose.qua.ity is not possible.to ve.ify a. the.mome.t. a.cordingly, a.mobile.phone.qua.ity tra.ing a.plica.ion running on blockcha.n te.hnology pla.form wa. de.e.ope. to fill the.ga. of prove.a.ce.tra.king. a.non-ma.ke. discre.e.choice.e.pe.ime.ts (DCe.) mode. wa. de.loye. in which four-option a.tribute.bundle.;with one.be.ng the.“sta.us quo” choice.we.e.pre.e.te. to e.ch of the.382 ra.domly sa.ple. re.ponde.ts from the.five.wa.ds within the.a.e.. Re.ults indica.e. tha. Option 2;the.communa.ly ma.a.e. WQTS e.e.ge. a. the.most pre.e.re. choice.a. 53.9%. Se.ondly, the.ma.e.fa.tor wa. ide.tifie. a. the.ma.or de.e.mina.t to this de.ision. In conclusion, the.study propose. for the.insta.la.ion of this ne. WQTS which will trigge. a.12% a.justme.t of the.a.e.a.e.house.old’s monthly wa.e. bill. In a.dition, this pa.e. re.omme.ds for a.city-wide.a.se.sme.t of re.ide.ts’ willingne.s to pa. (WTP) for this WQTS, which it de.ms a. a. improve. re.ponse.to wa.e. shorta.e.proble.. Fina.ly, the.study contribute. to the.a.plica.ion of DCe. mode. in te.hnology a.option lite.a.ure.

关键词： Wa.e. a.te.na.ive. Doubt Trust Qua.ity Tra.king Syste. Communa. a.tion

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