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Increasing the maximum Capacity Path in a Network and Its Application for Improving the Connection Between Two Routers

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 753-765页

作者： Adrian m.Deaconu Javad Tayyebi Department of mathematics and Computer Science Transilvania University of BrasovBrasov 500036Romania Department of Industrial engineering Birjand University of TechnologyBirjand 000097Iran

Abstract:This paper addresses the problem of improving the optimal value of the maximum Capacity Path(mCP)through expansion in a flexible network,and minimizing the involved *** only condition applied to the cost functions is to be non-decreasing *** is a non-restrictive condition,reflecting the reality in practice,and is considered for the first time in the ***,the total cost of expansion is a combination of max-type cost(e.g.,for supervision)and sum-type cost(*** building infrastructures,price of materials,price of labor,etc.).For this purpose,two types of strategies are combined:(l)increasing the capacity of the existing arcs,and(l)adding potential new *** different problems are introduced and *** the problems have immediate applications in Internet routing *** first one is to extend the network,so that the capacity of an mcP in the modified network becomes equal to a prescribed value,therefore the cost of modifications is minimized.A strongly polynomial-time algorithm is deduced to solve this *** second problem is a network expansion under a budget constraint,so that the capacity of an mcP is maximized.A weakly polynomial-time algorithm is presented to deal with *** the special case when all the costs are linear,a meggido's parametric search technique is used to develop an algorithm for solving the problem in strongly polynomial *** new approach has a time complexity of O(n^(4)),which is better than the time complexity of O(n4 log(n)of the previously known method from literature.

关键词： maximum Capacity Path(mCP) network expansion Internet routing polynomial-time algorithms

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Responses of Annual Variability of Vegetation NPP to Climate Variables Using Satellite Techniques in Gadarif State, Sudan

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第2期16卷 136-147页

作者： Anwar mohamedelhassan Bo Zhang Abdelrahim e. Jahelnabi eman m. elhassan Faculty of Geography and environmental Sciences Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Faculty of Agriculture Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan

Plants play an essential role in matter and energy transformations and are key messengers in the carbon and energy cycle. Net primary productivity (NPP) reflects the capability of plants to transform solar energy into photosynthesis. It is very sensible for factors affecting on vegetation variability such as climate, soils, plant characteristics and human activities. So, it can be used as an indicator of actual and potential trend of vegetation. In this study we used the actual NPP which was derived from mODIS to assess the response of NPP to climate variables in Gadarif State, from 2000 to 2010. The correlations between NPP and climate variables (temperature and precipitation) are calculated using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and ordinary least squares regression. The main results show the following 1) the correlation Coefficient between NPP and mean annual temperature is Somewhat negative for Feshaga, Rahd, Gadarif and Galabat areas and weakly negative in Faw area;2) the correlation Coefficient between NPP and annual total precipitation is weakly negative in Faw, Rahd and Galabat areas and somewhat negative in Galabat and Rahd areas. This study demonstrated that the correlation analysis between NPP and climate variables (precipitation and temperature) gives reliably result of NPP responses to climate variables that is clearly in a very large scale of study area.

关键词： Climate Variables mODIS NPP Climate Change Correlation Coefficient Gadarif State Remote Sensing GIS Applications

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Individual alcohol consumption by the population of Russia versus regional living conditions

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Global Health Journal 2024年第1期8卷 24-31页

作者： Sergey A.maksimov Svetlana A.Shalnova Galina A.muromtseva Yuliya A.Balanova Svetlana e.evstifeeva Anna V.kapustina Oksana m.Drapkina National medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive medicine Moscow 101990Russia

Background:There are substantial regional differences in drinking alcohol in Russia,both at the population and individual ***,the causes of these differences have not been studied ***:The goal of our study was to examine the effect of regional living conditions on individual alcohol consumption by the population of ***:For the analysis,we used data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in *** final analytical sample included 18,130 people aged 25-64 *** conducted the interviews face to face,based on which any drinking in the last year,as well as alcohol abuse,were considered as a *** abuse was recorded when the respondent consumed 5.75 or more grams of pure ethanol per day(75th percentile of average daily alcohol consumption among alcohol drinkers).The assessment of the regional living conditions was accomplished via integral indexing,which was previously performed based on publicly available data for *** were assessed using generalized scoring equations with unchanging standard *** associations were expressed by odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(C).Results:Deterioration of social conditions and increase in demographic depression in the region of residence increased the odds of any drinking(OR 1.51,95%CI:1.33 to 1.72,Pespectively).The odds of alcohol abuse increased with the deterioration of social living conditions and the growth of the industrial development in the region:OR 1.35,95%CI:1.14 to 1.59,Ped assessing the impact of the regional living conditions on individual drinking alcohol in the population of Russia.

关键词： Alcohol Living environment Regional features Russia

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Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics:The Study of muscle,mobility and Aging(SOmmA)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 621-630页

作者： Yujia(Susanna)Qiao Terri L.Blackwell Peggy m.Cawthon Paul m.Coen Steven R.Cummings Giovanna Distefano Samaneh Farsijani Daniel e.Forman Bret H.Goodpaster Stephen B.kritchevsky Theresa mau Frederico G.S.Toledo Anne B.Newman Nancy W.Glynn Department of epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Translational Research Institute AdventHealthOrlandoFL 32804USA Department of medicine(Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburghand GeriatricsResearchEducationand Clinical Center(GRECC)VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Internal medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27109USA Division of endocrinology and metabolism Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Background:Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age,and physical activity(PA)has been shown to offset these declines in older ***,many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise ***,we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported PA and sedentary behavior(SB)with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which PA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle ***:As part of the Study of muscle,mobility and Aging,enrolled older adults(n=879),810(age=76.4±5.0 years old,mean±SD;58%women)had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution re spirometry of permeabilized myofibers(maximal oxidative phosphorylation(maxOXPHOS))and in vivo by ^(31)phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy(maximal adenosine triphosphate(ATP_(max))).Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior,light activity,and moderate-to-vigorous PA(mVPA)were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 ***-reported sedentary behavior,mVPA,and all PA were assessed with the Community Healthy Activities model Program for Seniors(CHAmPS)*** regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and PA with muscle energetics,as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by mVP A and sedentary *** a sensitivity analysis,we also examined activPAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle ***:every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured mVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s×mg)higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mm/s higher ATP_(max)after adjusting for age,site/technician,and sex(ped with maxOXPHOS or ATP_(max).meanwhile,every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s×mg lower maxOXPHOS and0.

关键词： Aging exercise mitochondria

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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： m.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera m.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández m.ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli m.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.molloy D.Raffestin m.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda D.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.mcNamee m.La Cognata S.Palmerini T.Carriere m.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.De Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone D.margarone L.Giuffrida D.Batani P.Nicolai k.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agarwal m.krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly eNeA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CeLIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 energy Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“e.majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly eLI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic eTSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of meV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Philippine retinoblastoma initiative multi-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： Roland Joseph D.Tan Gary John V.mercado Patricia e.Cabrera Paulita Pamela P.Astudillo Rolando enrique D.Domingo Josept mari S.Poblete Charmaine Grace m.Cabebe Adriel Vincent R.Te melissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.Sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatima G.Regala kimberley Amanda k.Comia Josemaria m.Castro mara Augustine S.Galang Aldous Dominic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan e.Aguilar Gabrielle S.evangelista Jo michael maniwan Andrei P.martin Calvin Y.martinez John Alfred H.Lim Rena Ivy Bascuna Rachel m.Ng kevin B.Agsaoay kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao ellaine Rose V.Apostol Beatriz m.Prieto Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIm:To provide a comprehensive and more representative national data on the disease,especially on treatment options and outcomes,and to determine access of retinoblastoma patients from Luzon,Visayas and mindanao to eye care,and determine if access is associated with delay in consultation,staging and ***:Cohort study of retinoblastoma patients seen in eleven institutions located in the three major areas of the Philippines namely Luzon,Vizayas and mindanao from ***:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were ***(57%)were from Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with 71%having unilateral *** delay of consultation remained long at 9(3,17)mo,longest in patients with unilateral disease(Pe from the Visayas(Ped on the International Retinoblastoma Staging System,only 35%of patients had Stage 1 while 47%already had extraocular *** was the most common treatment received by 484 patients while intravenous chemotherapy was received by *** were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with no ***:This study presents the largest cohort of retinoblastoma patients in the Philippines in terms of patients’and participating institutions’number and geographical location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents more comprehensive data on the treatments used and outcomes(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).Delay in consultation was still long among patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival *** increasing capacity to diagnose and manage retinoblastoma in the country,the delay of consultation remains long primarily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in the Visayas and financial *** delay was still significant that overall survival rate remain low.

关键词： retinoblastoma Philippines clinical profile

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供词与放逐

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北京文学（中篇小说月报） 2024年第2期 198-206页

作者： [法]e.m.齐奥朗赵苓岑(译) 不详

e.m.齐奥朗(1911-1995),法籍罗马尼亚裔哲学家和文学家,代表作有《在绝望之巅》《苦论》《解体概要》等。在上个世纪群星闪耀、众声宣哗的思想界,齐奥朗选择了离群索居,他一生隐居在巴黎,从不接受采访,在自己创造的孤独中失眠、抑郁、... 详细信息

e.m.齐奥朗(1911-1995),法籍罗马尼亚裔哲学家和文学家,代表作有《在绝望之巅》《苦论》《解体概要》等。在上个世纪群星闪耀、众声宣哗的思想界,齐奥朗选择了离群索居,他一生隐居在巴黎,从不接受采访,在自己创造的孤独中失眠、抑郁、写作、思考苏珊·桑塔格认为:齐奥朗是当今思想最精细、写作最具力量的人之一。诺曼·马内阿说:他是一位杰出的反叛者,也是一位独具怀疑精神的厌世者,一而再再而三地让我们在人类存在的虚无中惊醒过来。齐奥朗后现代主义碎片式的文体风格,范诞而又清醒,绝望而又充满温情的精神世界,暗合了当今一些年轻人的心理状态,因而有人将他视为当下流行的“发疯文学”的鼻祖,本期我们选载《供词与放逐》中的部分内容,供大家了解齐奥朗的思想与写作。

关键词：怀疑精神苏珊·桑塔格反叛者齐奥文体风格群星闪耀心理状态碎片式

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Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek katerina Frantálová michal krupka Zuzana kuglerová Sushil kumar Singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín michalŠmíd Pablo Perez-martin marion kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt matthias Dreimann Dennis eckermann Felix Rosenthal Sam m.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell Shenyuan Ren YuanFeng Shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston mikako makita motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander köhler marion Harmand Sven Toleikis katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DeSY Photon Science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA european XFeL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FeL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FeL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

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New indices to balanceα-diversity against tree size inequality

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 229-237页

作者： Li Zhang Brady k.Quinn Cang Hui meng Lian Johan Gielis Jie Gao Peijian Shi College of ecology and environment Bamboo Research InstituteNanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Fisheries and Oceans Canada Andrews Biological Station125 Marine Science DriveSt.AndrewsNB E5B 0E4Canada Department of mathematical Sciences Centre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland 7602South Africa mathematical and Physical Biosciences African Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape Town 7945South Africa Department of Biosciences engineering University of AntwerpB-2020 AntwerpBelgium College of Life Science Xinjiang Normal University102 Xinyi RoadUrumqi 830054People’s Republic of China

The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large variations in tree size among species and individu-als of the same species,which result in differences in eco-logical processes and ecosystem ***,tree size inequality(TSI)has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity *** TSI in the diameter at breast height(DBH)data for each of 99920 m×20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index(GI),a measure of the inequality of size *** generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per *** also examined the relationships ofα-diversity indices with the GI using correlation *** generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions,with most root-mean-square errors(990 out of 999 quadrats)beingere significant positive correlations between each of threeα-diversity indices(i.e.,R,D,and H’)and the ***,the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the *** means that the TSI increased with increasing spe-cies ***,two new indices are proposed that can balanceα-diversity against the extent of TSI in the com-munity:(1−GI)×D,and(1−GI)×H’.These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and H΄,and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of *** study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities,especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.

关键词： Diameter at breast height(DBH) Gini index Shannon-Wiener index Simpson’s index Quadrat Tree size

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The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang David mota-Sanchez Yonggyun kim Subba Reddy Palli Silvia I.Rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes michael S.Crossley William e.Snyder Angharad m.R.Gatehouse myron P.Zalucki Bruce e.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Department of entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA Department of Plant medicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea Department of entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA Department of entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA Department of entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of entomology and Wildlife ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA Department of entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong engineering Research Center for environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Department of entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

关键词： crops damage pest

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