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Review of Networked microgrid Protection:Architectures,challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

cSee Journal of Power and energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la cruz Ying Wu John e.candelo-Becerra Juan c.Vasquez Josep m.Guerrero center for Research on microgrids(cROm) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. center for Research on microgrids at UPc(UPc cROm) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain IcReA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain center for Research on microgrids at AAU(AAU cROm) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections.Nevertheless,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems.Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation.This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their development.First,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review papers.Second,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these systems.Finally,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.IndexTerms—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid

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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia e.canick James c.campbell charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa m.collins Duke University School of medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is lacking.Residency is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female otolaryngologists.This study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident physicians.methods:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of residents.For programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were recorded.Location and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident representation.Programs were compared using Pearson chi‐squared univariate tests.Results:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 programs.The median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident representation.Programs with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident representation.Higher female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident representation.conclusions:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total faculty.It was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident representation.The proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

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The multi-impurity system in cdSe nanoplatelets:electronic structure and thermodynamic properties

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communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 165-173页

作者： D A Baghdasaryan V A Harutynyan e m Kazaryan H A Sarkisyan Russian-Armenian University H Emin 1230051YerevanArmenia Institute of Applied Problems of Physics 25 Nersisyan St0014YerevanArmenia

This paper theoretically studies the impurity states and the effects of impurity concentration and configuration on the optical,electrical,and statistical properties of cdSe nanoplatelets(NPLs).An image charge-based model of electron-impurity interaction is proposed.The charge-carrier energy spectra and corresponding wave functions depending on the impurity number and configuration are calculated.The electron binding energies are calculated for different NPL thicknesses.It is shown that the image charge-based interaction potential that arises due to the dielectric constants mismatch is much stronger than the interaction potential that does not take such a mismatch into account.Also,it is demonstrated that the binding energies are increasing with the number of impurities.We calculate the canonical partition function using the energy levels of the electron,which in turn is used to obtain the mean energy,heat capacity,and entropy of the non-interacting electron gas.The thermodynamic properties of the non-interacting electron gas that depend on the geometric parameters of the NPL,impurity number,configuration,and temperature are studied.

关键词： nanoplateletes thermodynamic properties impurity states

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comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： melissa A.Stephen chris R.Burke Jennie e.Pryce Nicole m.Steele Peter R.Amer Susanne meier claire V.c.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae centre for Genetics and Breeding-massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure precisely.examples include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or lifespan.Incomplete measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound respectively.Here we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGeP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example trait.methods We produced AGeP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New Zealand.We used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three visits.Three methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation approach.Results credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was reduced.For sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(eBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to 0.95.The estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring increased.conclusion Our results indicate that using some methods,phenotypes derived from one observ

关键词： cattle Gibbs sampler markov-chain monte carlo(mcmc) Puberty

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Sensory quality of meat from eight different types of cattle in relation with their biochemical characteristics

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1550-1563页

作者： m Gagaoua e m c terlouw D micol J-F Hocquette A P moloney K Nuernberg D Bauchart A Boudjellal N D Scollan R I Richardson B Picard INRA UMRH 1213Unite de Recherches sur les HerbivoresTheix63122 Saint Genes ChampanelleFrance VetAgro Sup UMRH 1213Unite de Recherches surles HerbivoresTheix63122 Saint Genes ChampanelleFrance equipe maquav INA TAAUniversite Freres Mentouri ConstantineRoute de Ain El-Bey25000 ConstantineAlgeria Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreGrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland FBN Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology W-StahI-Allee 218196 DummerstorfGermany Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences(IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddanAberystwyth SY23 3EBUnited Kingdom Division of Farm Animal Science University of BristolLangford HouseBristol BS40 5DUUnited Kingdom

The present study compared eight breeds of cattle differing in gender （heifers, buls and steers） to determine associations between muscle characteristics and meat sensory qualities of theLongissimus thoracis muscle. Animal types differed in al the muscle characteristics and sensory qualities. many correlations among muscle characteristics and among sensory qualities were consistent for most animal types. Isocitrate dehydrogenase （IcDH） activities alowed discrimination of muscles with respect to myosin heavy chain （myHc）-I proportions for al animal types. Lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and phos-phofructokinase （PFK） activities were positively correlated for most animal types. Overal liking was correlated with beef lfavour and abnormal lfavour in al animal types and with global tenderness for al animal types except for charolais cross breed steers. For al animal types except for Angus×Friesian heifers, beef lfavour and abnormal lfavour were negatively correlated. Overal liking was not correlated with juiciness. PFK, IcDH and citrate synthase （cS） activities were strongly associated with tenderness, beef lfavour and overal liking when average values for al animal types were used. However, associations between muscle characteristics and sensory qualities within animal types were weak and inconsistent.

关键词： cattle muscle characteristics meat sensory qualities gender breed prediction

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Radiative decays D*(s)→ D(s)γ in covariant confined quark model

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chinese Physics c 2024年第2期48卷 45-56页

作者： c.T.Tran m.A.Ivanov P.Santorelli Q.c.Vo Department of Physics HCMC University of Technology and EducationVo Van Ngan 1700000 Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research141980 DubnaRussia Dipartimento di Fisica"e.Pancini" Universitàdi Napoli Federico ⅡComplesso Universitario di Monte S.AngeloVia CintiaEdificio 680126 NapoliItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli80126 NapoliItaly University of Science 700000 Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam

Radiative decays D((s))*→D((s))γare revisited in light of new experimental data from the BaBar and BeSⅢcollaborations.The radiative couplings gD*Dγencoding nonperturbative QcD effects are calculated in the framework of the covariant confined quark model developed by us.We compare our results with other theoretical studies and experimental data.The couplings(in GeV-1)|g(D*+D+γ)|=0.45(9)and|g(D*0D0γ)|=1.72(34)calculated in our model agree with the corresponding experimental data|g(D*+D+γ)|=0.47(7)and|g(D*0D0γ)|=1.77(16).The most interesting case is the decay Ds*→Dsγ,for which a recent prediction based on light-cone sum rules at next-to-leading order|gDs*Dsγ|=0.60(19)deviates from the first(and only to date)lattice QcD result|gDs*Dsγ|=0.11(2)at nearly3σ.Our calculation yields|gDs*Dsγ|=0.29(6),which falls somehow between the two mentioned results,although it is larger than those predicted in other studies using quark models or QcD sum rules.

关键词： covariant quark model radiative decay charmed meson

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effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia e.Silva mariana G.Aguilar Osania e.Ferreira Gleicia m.Paulino Jaqueline c.L.carvalho Lúcia P.S.Pimenta Alan R.T.machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de engenharia Aplicada e Tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de ciencias exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application dose.However,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated.The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean germination.Three types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(ScB300),400℃(ScB400)and 600℃(ScB600).Then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,respectively.The experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were determined.To evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear magnetic Resonance.The Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to control.On the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for ScB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/w.Seven metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of treatments.Taken together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination metabolomics 1H NmR Pyrolysis Sugarcane bagasse

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Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： morten S.Hansen Kaja madsen maria Price Kent Søe Yasunori Omata mario m.Zaiss caroline m.Gorvin morten Frost Alexander Rauch molecular endocrinology Laboratory(KmeB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of clinical Research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark clinical cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of metabolism and Systems Research(ImSR)and centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK centre for membrane Proteins and Receptors(cOmPARe) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of molecular medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Internal medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(DZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Steno Diabetes center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone formation.As novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment targets.This study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation.Osteoclasts were differentiated from cD14+monocytes from eight female donors.RNA sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across donors.These patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density SNPs.Network analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional networks.The donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLR1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts.The expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and activity.The regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(c5AR1),somatostatin receptor 2(SSTR2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAR4/GPR120).Activating c5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts.In conclusion,we report the occurrence of transcriptional

关键词： osteoclast programming identif

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Ground-based and additional science support for SmILe

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.carter m.Dunlop c.Forsyth K.Oksavik e.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.e.milan T.Sergienko R.c.Fear D.G.Sibeck m.connors T.Yeoman X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.mcWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.chisham A.Dimmock m.P.Freeman D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie e.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.manuel J.matzka I.mccrea Y.miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes e.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh c.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space environment monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada eSTec European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of china Shanghai 200136China Finnish meteorological Institute(FmI) Finland Department of earth and environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint european Space Agency and chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link explorer(SmILe)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SmILe mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SmILe,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SmILe can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SmILe Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SmILe mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SmILe conjunctions missions

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2024 Adult compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann erik A.Willis Barbara e.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira mary Hastert chelsea L.Kracht John m.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui cai minghui Quan catrine Tudor-Locke melicia c.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas center for metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA college of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA college of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of epidemiology and community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(meT)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated meTs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing meT values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of meTs for older adults.We added a major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 major Headings.conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults energy expenditure exercise meT Physical Activities

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