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Emerging vaccine nanotechnology: From defense against infection to sniping cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第5期12卷 2206-2223页

作者： Chan Feng Yongjiang Li Bijan Emiliano Ferdows dylan neal patel Jiang Ouyang Zhongmin Tang Na Kong Enguo Chen Wei Tao Department of Respiratory Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016China Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Cancer Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Pharmacy the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410011China

Looking retrospectively at the development of humanity, vaccination is an unprecedented medical landmark that saves lives by harnessing the human immune system. During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination is still the most effective defense modality. The successful clinical application of the lipid nanoparticle-based Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines highlights promising future of nanotechnology in vaccine development. Compared with conventional vaccines, nanovaccines are supposed to have advantages in lymph node accumulation,antigen assembly, and antigen presentation;they also have, unique pathogen biomimicry properties because of well-organized combination of multiple immune factors. Beyond infectious diseases, vaccine nanotechnology also exhibits considerable potential for cancer treatment. The ultimate goal of cancer vaccines is to fully mobilize the potency of the immune system as a living therapeutic to recognize tumor antigens and eliminate tumor cells, and nanotechnologies have the requisite properties to realize this *** this review, we summarize the recent advances in vaccine nanotechnology from infectious disease prevention to cancer immunotherapy and highlight the different types of materials, mechanisms, administration methods, as well as future perspectives.

关键词： Vaccine Nanotechnology Infection Cancer Nanovaccines Vaccination Diseases prevention Immunotherapy

Prevention of erectile dysfunction after radiotherapy for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第6期16卷 805-806页

作者： Izak Faiena neal patel Allen D Seftel Division of Urology Rutgers Robert Wood JohnsonMedical School N J USA 2Division of Urology Cooper Medical School of Rowan University CamdenN J USA.

With increasing scrutiny of prostate cancer （PCa） diagnosis and treatment, much attention has been given to the morbidity caused by radical prostatectomy （RP） and/or radiotherapy （RT）. One of the most common side-effects of either treatment is erectile dysfunction （ED）.1 Approximately, 40% of patients will experience ED after RT for PCa. The post-RT ED causes significant patient dissatisfaction with cancer treatment as well as decrease in patient and partner psychosocial function,z To address this issue in patients undergoing RT, Pisansky et al.3 conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a phosphodiesterase enzyme-5 inhibitor （PDE5i）, tadalafil, as a preventive measure for patients undergoing RT for PCa and found no difference in erectile function between the control and treatment groups.

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Re-re-treatment of hepatitis C virus: Eight patients who relapsed twice after direct-acting-antiviral drugs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第43期21卷 12430-12438页

作者： Joshua Hartman Kian Bichoupan neal patel Sweta Chekuri Alyson Harty Douglas Dieterich Ponni Perumalswami Andrea D Branch Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Medical Center Division of Liver Disease Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Medical Center

AIM: To determine risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV) treatment failure after direct acting antivirals in patients with complex treatment ***: All HCV mono-infected patients who received treatment at our institution were *** was restricted to patients who previously failed treatment with boceprevir(BOC) or telaprevir(TVR) and started simeprevir(SMV) and sofosbuvir(SOF) ± ribavirin(RBV) between December 2013 and June 2014. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/HCV co-infection or patients who received a liver transplant in the past were excluded. Viral loads were recorded while on treatment and after treatment. Data collection continued until December,31 st 2014 when data analysis was initiated. Patients missing virologic outcomes data were not included in the analysis. Analysis of 35 patients who had virologic outcome data available resulted in eight patients who were viral load negative at the end of treatment with SMF/SOF but later relapsed. Data related to patient demographics,HCV infection,and treatment history was collected in order to identify risk factors shared among patients who failed treatment with SMF/***: Eight patients who were treated with the first generation HCV protease inhibitors BOC or TVR in combination with pegylated-interferon(PEG) and RBV who failed this triple therapy were subsequently retreated with an off-label all-oral regimen of SMV and SOF for 12 wk,with RBV in seven cases. Treatment was initiated before the Food and Drug Administration approved a 24-wk SMV/SOF regimen for patients with liver cirrhosis. All eight patients had an end of treatment response,but later relapsed. Eight(100%) patients were male. Mean age was 56(range,49-64). Eight(100%) patients had previously failed PEG/RBV dual therapy at least once in addition to prior failure with triple therapy. Total number of times treated ranged from 3-6(mean 3.8). Eight(100%) patients were male had liver cirrhosis as determi

关键词： Hepatitis C Protease inhibitor Relapse Simeprevir

SYNTHESIS OF NEW HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND REACTIVE LADDERLIKE POLYSILSESQUIOXANES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第5期18卷 459-463页

作者： neal Tai-sheng Chung Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Singapore 117602 Singapore

Ladderlike polychloropropylsilsesquioxane (CP-T) was first synthesized by 'stepwise coupling polymerization'. The molecular weight of CP-T is as high as 1.7 x 10(5). It is a tough, elastic reactive ladderlike polymer and has good heat-resistant and adhesive properties. CP-T can further react with many nucleophilic reagents to generate new ladderlike reactive polysilsesquioxanes, which can be used as potential precursors in the synthesis of functional ladderlike polymers.

关键词： stepwise coupling polymerization reactive ladderlike polymer nucleophilic substitution

Leadless pacemakers： a contemporary review

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第4期15卷 249-253页

作者： neal Bhatia Mikhael El-Chami Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Section of Electrophysiology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta USA

1 Introduction Over one million cardiac pacemakers are implanted every year worldwide,[11 of which approximately 200,000 are implanted in the United States alone.121 Combined with an aging population and increasing pacing indications, these numbers are expected to grow. Since the first pacemaker implantation in 1950s, cardiac pacemaker technology has rapidly advanced. Reduction in generator size, increased battery longevity, quality of pacemaker leads, algorithmic and rate responsive programming-all have revolutionized and transformed the implantation and management of transvenous cardiac pacemaker （TV-PPM）.

关键词： Leadless pacemakers Micra Nanostim Perforation

Large non-pedunculated colorectal polyp management: The elephant in the room

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3126-3131页

作者： Shirley X Jiang neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 2K5BCCanada

Minimally invasive innovations have transformed *** to colorectal cancer(CRC),there has been a shift towards less invasive surgical techniques and use of endoscopic resection as an alternative for low risk T1 *** role of endoscopic resection is however much more extensive:It is now considered the first line management strategy for most large(≥20 mm)non-pedunculated colorectal polyps,the majority of which are *** is due to the well-established efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic techniques compared to *** endoscopic modalities now exist with distinct risk-benefit profiles and their outcomes are further improved by site-specific technical modifications,auxiliary techniques,and adverse event miti-gation *** capacity continues to evolve with emerging endoscopic techniques and expanding applications,particularly in the confines of a multi-disciplinary setting.

关键词： Cancer Colonoscopy Endoscopy Polyp Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopic submucosal dissection

Geochronology and Significance of Granites Associated with Gold Deposits in the Jidong Area, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第2期74卷 306-310页

作者： neal MCNAUGHTON David GROVES Department of Geology University of West Australia AustraliaDepartment of Geology University of West Australia Australia

The Jidong area is located on the north margin of the North China craton. It is a nucleus composed of the oldest rocks in China. Precambrian metarnorphic rocks with various Phanerozoic granitoids invaded are widespread. Gold deposits here have close spatial relations to granitoids. Some deposits occur within them and others in the outer zone of the contact belt of the intrusion, extending thousands of metres. There have been controversial views in regard to the relations of the deposits to the intrusions although traditional techniques have been used to date the intrusions. In order to solve such a problem, the SHRIMP technique was adopted to date the U-Pb ages of zircon collected from the Yuerya intrusion which hosts the large-sized Yuerya Au deposit and Qingshankou intrusion 2 km away from the Jinchangyu (larger-sized) Au deposit. Analysis shows that the ages of 175±1 Ma and 174±3 Ma for Yuerya intrusion and the age of 199±2 Ma for Qingshankou granite indicate the Early Yanshanian stage of the Mesozoic. The Yuerya intrusion also contains inherited zircon aged at about 2500 Ma, indicating that part of its source materials are Archaean metamorphic rocks. In addition to the SHRIMP data of this study, a great deal of data related to the alteration of Au deposits indicate the formation of the deposits at the Yanshanian stage of the Mesozoic, so the ore formation of Au deposits is inferred to relate to granitic intrusion.

关键词： SHRIMP geochronology granite Yanshanian East China

Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 72-76页

作者： Edward neal Apricot Grove Educational Services Portland 97213the United States of America Xinglin Institute for Early East Asian Medicine Portland 97213the United States of America

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text Archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

关键词： Huang Di Nei Jing Chinese medicine Nei Jing nature-based medicine Classical text research Global health Medical anthropology Classical-Text Archaeology

Aquatic community structure and stream habitat in a karst agricultural landscape

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 155-170页

作者： neal D.Mundahl Erik D.Mundahl Department of Biology and Southeastern Minnesota Water Resources Center Winona State UniversityWinonaMN 55987USA Mundahl Nordic Services Glennallen/McCarthyP.O.Box MXYAlaska 99588USA

Background:Watersheds dominated by agriculture often have significant,negative impacts on local stream habitats and *** study examined stream biota and habitats within an entire stream in a karst agricultural landscape to determine if several decades of watershed conservation and management had reversed the severe degradation caused by poor land use and catastrophic soil erosion during the 1920s and ***:Fish communities and stream habitats were degraded at over half of the 22 stream sites examined,and benthic macroinvertebrate communities were mostly poor throughout the entire *** fish communities were associated with missing or narrow riparian buffers,high percent fine sediments,high embeddedness of coarse sub-strates,and homogeneous run *** communities were dominated by filter-feeding taxa and those adapted to life on or within fine *** sites with wide buffers and influenced by groundwater springs had higher fish community integrity and good to excellent instream ***:Our results suggest that wide riparian buffers and karstic springs may have allowed recovery of some stream reaches,but more extensive buffers and additional soil conservation practices in upland areas likely are necessary to protect most stream segments and their biota from on-going agricultural *** state stream buffer laws instituted after this study resulted in establishment of vegetated buffers at all study sites,which may lead to improved stream habitat and biotic communities in future *** invertebrate community improvement also may require translocation of sensitive taxa from nearby watersheds due to limited dispersal abilities of many species currently absent from the study *** frequency and intensity of storm events and flooding may hinder future recovery of stream habitats and biota.

关键词： Agricultural stream Fish Macroinvertebrates Stream habitats Karst