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Evaluation of Nitrate Reductase Assay for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 138-141页

作者： Ranjit Kumar Sah dwij raj bhatta Gokarna raj Ghimire Jeevan Bahadur Sherchand Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu Nepal National Tuberculosis Center Bhaktapur Nepal

Emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) urgently demands for simple, rapid and inexpensive methods of its detection for the effective treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, particularly in low-income countries. A total of 113 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were tested for four first line antitubercular drugs by nitrate reductase assay (NRA) and were compared with standard proportion method to evaluate NRA efficacy. Results were available in 7 - 14 days by NRA as compared to proportion method which generally takes 4 - 6 weeks. The sensitivity and specificity of NRA were 98.1% and 100% for isoniazid, 95.1% and 98.6% for rifampicin, 91.4% and 94.9% for streptomycin, and 78.6% and 97.9% for ethambutol, respectively. Agreement between NRA and proportion method were 99.1%, 97.3%, 93.8%, 95.6% for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol, respectively. NRA is easier, inexpensive and reliable method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterum tuberculosis for isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most im- portant drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. The reduction in susceptibility testing time, and higher sensitivity and specificity of NRA method is of fundamental importance in detecting MDR-TB.

关键词： Drug Susceptibility MDR-TB NRA Proportion Method

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Effect of row spacing and direction of sowing on yield and yield attributing characters of wheat cultivated in Western Chitwan, Nepal

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 309-316页

作者： Bisheshwor Prasad Pandey Komal Bahadur Basnet Madan raj bhatta Shrawan Kumar Sah Resham Bahadur Thapa Tanka Prasad Kandel Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Research Centre Foulum Tjele Denmark Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Rampur Nepal National Wheat Research Program (NWRP) Rupendehi Nepal

A field experiment was conducted to study the growth and productivity of wheat as affected by row spacing and direction of sowing at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during the 2007-2008 wheat growing season. The experiment was carried out in 3-factors factorial randomized complete block design comprising two varieties (Gautam and BL-2800), three row spacings (15, 20 and25 cm) and two row directions of sowing (east-west and north-south). The effects of variety and row direction of sowing on grain yield were significant (p < 0.05), but the grain yield was not affected by the row spacing treatment. BL-2800 variety produced higher grain yield (3.53 t·ha-1) as compared to Gautam (3.11 t·ha-1). Both wheat varieties yielded about 11% higher (p < 0.05) grain in the north-south sowing as compared to the eastwest sowing.

关键词： Grain Yield Row Direction Row Spacing Triticum Aestivum Wheat Variety

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《生物多样性公约》、《名古屋议定书》、《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际公约》背景下“相互支持”获取和惠益分享机制的实施

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私法 2020年第1期33卷 508-541页

作者：迈克·赫尔伍德李一丁(译) 余亦竹(译) 付瑶(校) Elsa Andrieux Léontine Crisson Jean Rwihaniza Gapusi John Wasswa Mulumba Edmond Kouablan Koffi Tashi Yagzome Dorji Madan raj bhatta Didier Balma 生物多样性国际政策研究中心贵州大学法学院中国科学院昆明植物研究所不详

目次一、引言511二、两种不同视角:多边惠益分享和单边惠益分享512(一)《粮农公约》获取和惠益分享多边系统512(二)《生物多样公约》、《名古屋议定书》背景下双边获取和惠益分享管制514(三)虽然不同,但是仍应"相互支持"516三、多边系... 详细信息

目次一、引言511二、两种不同视角:多边惠益分享和单边惠益分享512(一)《粮农公约》获取和惠益分享多边系统512(二)《生物多样公约》、《名古屋议定书》背景下双边获取和惠益分享管制514(三)虽然不同,但是仍应"相互支持"516三、多边系统在各国国内层面实施情况516(一)要点一:多边系统实施还有"法律空间"吗?

关键词：惠益分享《生物多样性公约》国际公约《名古屋议定书》粮食和农业植物遗传资源相互支持系统实施

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