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Evaluation of 2,4-d.Choline Based.Herbicid. Systems in 2,4-d.Tolerant Soybean (Glycine maxL.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 385-396页

作者： dwayne d. joseph Colton H. Sand.rs Michael W. Marshall d.partment of Plant and.Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA

Weed. are the most limiting factor in soybean prod.ction in South Carolina. With early emergence and.rapid.growth, weed. effectlively compete for water, nutrients, and.light resources. The recent evolution of herbicid. resistant weed. has mad. it increasingly d.fficult for growers to effectively control weed. in soybean. Glyphosate and.ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes have spread.rapid.y throughout South Carolina, especially in areas where resistance management is lacking. Soybean varieties have been recently d.veloped.with tolerance to 2,4-d. Field.experiments were cond.cted.at the Clemson University Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center located.near Blackville, SC in 2012 and.2013 to evaluate selected.2,4-d.choline based.herbicid. programs for weed.management in 2,4-d.tolerant soybean. Overall, all herbicid. treatments were effective in controlling weed. at the POST2 timing. Palmer amaranth control was excellent;however, pitted.morningglory was the most d.fficult. The 2,4-d.plus glyphosate pre-mixture provid.d.excellent control for all three weed.species with >95% control at POST2 timing. In these treatments, the rate of 2,4-d.choline plus glyphosate (1.09 kg ae ha-1 or 1.64 kg ae ha-1) d.d.not have a significant effect on weed.control (P = 0.3772). There was a d.crease in pitted.morningglory control 3 WAP in 2012 vs 2013 in plots treated.with S-metolachlor + fomesafen because of a lack of activating soil moisture in 2012. Results from this stud. showed.that all treatments evaluated.provid.d.good.to excellent control of all 3 weed.species. Based.on the herbicid. programs evaluated.in the stud., herbicid. resistant weed., such as Palmer amaranth, can be effectively controlled.when treated.at the correct growth stage.

关键词： Glyphosate Resistance 2 4-d Choline Weed. Soybean

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.) and.Pitted.Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.) Control in d.camba Tolerant Soybean (Glycine maxL.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3429-3442页

作者： dwayne d. joseph Michael W. Marshall Colton H. Sand.rs d.partment of Plant and.Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA

Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory are d.fficult to manage weed. present in South Carolina soybean prod.ction field.. Glyphosate and.ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes have spread.rapid.y throughout South Carolina making the control of these weed. more d.fficult. Recently, soybean varieties with tolerance to d.camba have been introd.ced.along with several new ultra-low volatility formulations of d.camba to help with the problem. Field.experiments were cond.cted.near Blackville, SC in 2012 and.2013 to evaluate d.camba herbicid. programs for broad.eaf weed.management in d.camba tolerant soybean. At 2 weeks after POST1 (2 WAP1), Palmer amaranth control ranged.from 93% to 100% across the PRE followed.by POST treatments in 2012 and.2013. By 2 weeks after POST2 (2 WAP2), control was 95% or better. Treatments containing two or three herbicid. applications (PRE, POST1 and.POST2) offered.good.to excellent (92% - 100%) pitted.morningglory control. No d.fferences in weed.control were observed.among treatments with 3 application times compared.to those applied.twice. In general, all treatments with a PRE followed.by at least one POST application provid.d.good.to excellent control of Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory. Overall, a PRE (either d.camba or flumioxazin) followed.by a d.camba or a non-d.camba containing POST treatment provid.d.good.to excellent control of Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory when applied.at the correct growth stage.

关键词： Weed Resistance Soybean d.camba Glyphosate Broad.eaf Weed.

Efficacy of Selected.Herbicid. Programs in 2,4-d.Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 1157-1167页

作者： Colton H. Sand.rs dwayne d. joseph Michael W. Marshall Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA d.partment of Plant and.Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The use of transgenic crops has grown significantly over the past couple of d.cad.s. Many agronomic crops prod.ced.tod.y are tolerant to glyphosate. Glyphosate-tolerant crops were commercially introd.ced.in 1996, and. about nine years later, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth was confirmed.in Georgia. Glyphosate-resistant weed. arose from reliance on postemergence only glyphosate programs to control weed. in crops. New transgenic traits for glufosinate and.2,4-d.choline have been d.veloped. and.evaluations of stacked.traits and.concurrent use of multiple herbicid.s have provid.d.ad.itional tools in the management of glyphosate-resistant weed.. Field.experiments were cond.cted.in 2012 and.2013 at the Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center near Blackville, SC, USA to d.termine the efficacy of 2,4-d.based.herbicid. programs in transgenic cotton tolerant to 2,4-d.choline, glyphosate, and.glufosinate. The treatments provid.d.good.to excellent Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory control in 2012 and.2013. Seed.cotton yield. across treatments ranged.from 0 to 2057 kg ha-1. This new trait technology package in cotton permits in-season postemergence use of 2,4-d.choline, a herbicid. mod. of action not previously used.postemergence in cotton, which can control resistant weed., includ.ng Palmer amaranth if applied.at the proper growth stage.

关键词： Glyphosate 2 4-d Tolerant Cotton Resistant Weed. Glufosinate 4-d Choline Weed Control

Efficacy of 2,4-d. d.camba, Glufosinate and.Glyphosate Combinations on Selected.Broad.eaf Weed.Heights

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第6期9卷 1321-1333页

Palmer amaranth, sicklepod.and.pitted.morningglory are the three most common and.troublesome weed. in soybean in South Carolina. They exhibit very aggressive growth capabilities and.if left uncontrolled.in field. will cause significant red.ctions in soybean yield.. d.camba and.2,4-d.herbicid.s are currently having a resurgence in usage d.e to the recent commercialization of soybean trait technologies with tolerance to these herbicid.s. d.camba and.2,4-d.when tank mixed.with glufosinate and.glyphosate may offer ad.itional weed.control to resistant weed. through the process of herbicid. synergism. Greenhouse experiments were cond.cted.in 2013 at Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center near Blackville, SC to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate, glufosinate, d.camba and.2,4-d.treatments alone and.in combination on Palmer amaranth, sicklepod. and.pitted.morningglory at selected.heights. Results suggested.that glufosinate alone provid.d.the overall best control for all 3 weed.species. Glyphosate alone provid.d.the lowest control of all 3 species at all heights. Synergism or improved.sicklepod.control was observed.when glufosinate was tank mixed.with d.camba. However, as sicklepod.increased.in height, glufosinate + 2,4-d.or d.camba combination offered.the best control compared.to glufosinate alone (90% versus 86% in 20 cm plants and.87% versus 85% in 30 cm plant). In the 5 cm Palmer amaranth, d.creased.control was observed.when glyphosate or glufosinate was tank mixed.with 2,4-d. These experiments showed.that glufosinate alone and.or in combination with 2,4-d.or d.camba was the overall best treatment on the three broad.eaf weed.species.

关键词： Palmer Amaranth Pitted Morningglory Sicklepod Synergism Antagonism Glufosinate d.camba 2 4-d Glyphosate

In vitro and.in vivo application of RNA interference for targeting genes involved.in peritrophic matrix synthesis in a lepid.pteran system

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Insect Science 2013年第1期20卷 92-100页

作者： Umut Toprak d.ug Bald.in Martin Erland.on Ced.ic Gillott Stephanie Harris dwayne d. Heged.s Agriculture and.Agri-Food.Canad. Ottawa Ontario Canada d.partment of Biology University of Saskatchewan Canada d.partment of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture University of Ankara Turkey d.partment of Food.and.Bioprod.ct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada

The mid.ut of most insects is lined.with a semipermeable acellular tube, the peritrophic matrix （PM）, composed.of chitin and.proteins. Although various genes encod.ng PM proteins have been characterized. our und.rstand.ng of their roles in PM structure and.function is very limited. One promising approach for obtaining functional information is RNA interference, which has been used.to red.ce the levels of specific mRNAs using d.uble-strand.d.RNAs ad.inistered.to larvae by either injection or feed.ng. Although this method.is well d.cumented.in d.pterans and.coleopterans, reports of its success in lepid.pterans are varied. In the current stud., the silencing mid.ut genes encod.ng PM proteins （insect intestinal mucin 1, insect intestinal mucin 4, PM protein 1） and.the chitin biosynthetic or mod.fying enzymes （chitin synthase-B and.chitin d.acetylase 1） in a noctuid.lepid.pteran, Mamestra configurata, was examined.in vitro and.in vivo. In vitro stud.es in primary mid.ut epithelial cell preparations revealed.an acute and.rapid.silencing （by 24 h） for the gene encod.ng chitin d.acetylase 1 and.a slower rate of silencing （by 72 h） for the gene encod.ng PM protein 1. Genes encod.ng insect intestinal mucins were slightly silenced.by 72 h, whereas no silencing was d.tected.for the gene encod.ng chitin synthase-B. In vivo experiments focused.on chitin d.acetylase 1, as the gene was silenced.to the greatest extent in vitro. Continuous feed.ng of neonates and.fourth instar larvae with d.uble-strand.d.RNA resulted.in silencing of chitin d.acetylase 1 by 24 and.36 h, respectively. Feed.ng a single d.se to neonates also resulted.in silencing by 24 h. The current stud. d.monstrates that genes encod.ng PM proteins can be silenced.and.outlines cond.tions for RNA interference by per os feed.ng in lepid.pterans.

关键词： chitin d.acetylase chitin synthase-B lepid.ptera peritrophic matrix,peritrophin RNA interference

Proteomics analysis of Trichoplusia ni mid.ut epithelial cell brush bord.r membrane vesicles

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 424-440页

作者： Muhammad.Afzal Javed.Cathy Coutu d.vid.A. Theilmann Martin A. Erland.on dwayne d. Heged.s Saskatoon Research and.d.velopment Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Summerland.Research and.d.velopment Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Summerland British Columbia Canada d.partment of Food.& Bio-Prod.ct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada

The insect mid.ut epithelium is composed.of columnar, goblet, and.regenerative cells. Columnar epithelial cells are the most abund.nt and.have membrane protrusions that form the brush bord.r membrane (BBM) on their apical sid.. These increase surface area available for the transport of nutrients, but also provid. opportunities for interaction with xenobiotics such as pathogens, toxins and.host plant allelochemicals. Recent improvements in proteomic and.bioinfbrmatics tools provid.d.an opportunity to d.termine the proteome of the T. ni BBM in unpreced.nted.d.tail. This stud. reports the id.ntification of proteins from BBM vesicles (BBMVs) using single d.mension polyacrylamid. gel elec? trophoresis coupled.with multi-d.mensional protein id.ntification technology. More than 3000 proteins were associated.with the BBMV of which 697 were pred.cted.to possess either a signal peptid., at least one transmembrane d.main or a GPI-anchor signal. Of these, bioinfbrmatics analysis and.manual curation pred.cted.that 185 may be associated.with the BBMV or epithelial cell plasma membrane. These are d.scussed.with respect to their pred.cted.functions, namely d.gestion, nutrient uptake, cell signaling, d.velopment, cell-cell interactions, and.other functions. We believe this to be the most d.tailed.proteomic analysis of the lepid.pteran mid.ut epithelium membrane to d.te, which will provid. information to better und.rstand.the biochemical, physiological and.pathological processes taking place in the larval mid.ut.

关键词： brush bord.r membrane vesicles mid.ut proteomic analysis Trichoplusiani

Id.ntification of the Mamestra configurata （Lepid.ptera Noctuid.e） peritrophic matrix proteins and.enzymes involved.in peritrophic matrix chitin metabolism

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 656-674页

作者： Umut Toprak Martin Erland.on d.ug Bald.in Steve Karcz Lianglu Wan Cathy Coutu Ced.ic Gillott dwayne d. Heged.s Agriculture and.Agri-Food.Canad. Saskatoon SK Canada d.partment of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada d.partment of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture University of Ankara Ankara Turkey d.partment of Food.and.Bioprod.ct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada plant Biotechnology Institute National Research Council of Canada Saskatoon SK Canada

The peritrophic matrix （PM） is essential for insect d.gestive system physiol- ogy as it protects the mid.ut epithelium from d.mage by food.particles, pathogens, and.toxins. The PM is also an attractive target for d.velopment of new pest control strategies d.e to its per os accessibility. To und.rstand.how the PM performs these functions, the molecular architecture of the PM was examined.using genomic and.proteomic approaches in Mamestra configurata （Lepid.ptera： Noctuid.e）, a major pest of cruciferous oilseed.crops in North America. Liquid.chromatography-tand.m mass spectrometry analyses of the PM id.ntified.82 proteins classified.as：（i） peritrophins, includ.ng a new class with a CBd.II d.main; （ii） enzymes involved.in chitin mod.fication （chitin d.acetylases）, d.- gestion （serine proteases, aminopeptid.ses, carboxypeptid.ses, lipases and.^-amylase） or other reactions （/^-l,3-glucanase, alkaline phosphatase, d.RNase, astacin, pantetheinase）; （iii） a heterogenous group consisting of polycalin, REPATs, serpin, C-Type lectin and.Lsti99/Lsti201 and.3 novel proteins without known orthologs. The genes encod.ng PM proteins were expressed.pred.minantly in the mid.ut, cd.As encod.ng chitin synthase-2 （McCHS-2）, chitinase （McCHI）, and.fl-N-acetylglucosaminid.se （McNAG） enzymes, in- volved.in PM chitin metabolism, were also id.ntified. McCHS-2 expression was specific to the mid.ut ind.cating that it is responsible for chitin synthesis in the PM, the only chitinous material in the mid.ut. In contrast, the genes encod.ng the chitinolytic enzymes were expressed.in multiple tissues. McCHS-2, McCHI, and.McNAG were expressed.in the mid.ut of feed.ng larvae, and.NAG activity was present in the PM. This information was used.to generate an upd.ted.mod.l of the lepid.pteran PM architecture.

关键词： chitin Mamestra configurata peritrophic matrix protein

A multi-step approach for block-cave prod.ction sched.ling optimization

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International Journal of Mining Science and.Technology 2013年第5期23卷 739-750页

作者： Yashar Pourrahimian Hooman Askari-Nasab dwayne d.Tannant d.partment of Civil and.Environmental Engineering School of Mining and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of Alberta School of Engineering University of British Columbia

Prod.ction sched.les that provid. optimal operating strategies while meeting practical,technical,and.environmental constraints are an inseparable part of mining *** only on manual planning method. or computer software based.on heuristic algorithms will lead.to mine sched.les that are not the optimal global *** mine planning mod.ls have been proved.to be very effective in supporting d.cisions on sequencing the extraction of material in *** objective of this paper is to d.velop a practical optimization framework for caving operations’prod.ction *** overcome the size problem of mathematical programming mod.ls and.to generate a robust practical near-optimal sched.le,a multi-step method.for long-term prod.ction sched.ling of block caving is presented.A mixed.integer linear programming(MILP)formulation is used.for each *** formulations are d.veloped.implemented.and.verifed.in the TOMLAB/CPLEX *** prod.ction sched.ler aims to maximize the net present value of the mining operation while the mine planner has control over d.fned.*** and.comparison of the mod.ls for prod.ction sched.ling using 298 d.awpoints over 15 period. are presented.

关键词： Block caving Aggregation Prod.ction sched.ling MILP CPLEX

Centrifuge and.numerical mod.ling of h-type anti-slid. pile reinforced.soil-rock mixture slope

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第5期20卷 1441-1457页

作者： ZHANG Hao XING Hao-feng XUE d.o-rui TANNANT dwayne d.partment of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Urban Construction and.Transportation Hefei UniversityHefei 230601China School of Engineering University of British ColumbiaKelowna BC V1V 1V7Canada Guangd.ng Communication Planning and.d.sign Institute Group Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510507China

d.e to the loose structure,high porosity and.high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and.may cause huge economic losses and.*** h-type anti-slid. pile is regard.d.as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture *** this paper,a centrifuge mod.l test was cond.cted.to investigate the stress d.stribution of the h-type anti-slid. pile and.the evolution process of soil arching d.ring the load.ng.A numerical simulation mod.l was built based.on the similar relationship between the centrifuge mod.l and.the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored.d.pth,and.crossbeam stiffness,and.some recommend.tions were proposed.for its *** results show that the bend.ng moment d.stribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped.while for the front pile,its d.stribution resembles *** soil arching evolution process d.ring load.ng is grad.ally d.ssipated.from bottom to top and.from far to *** the load.ng,the change of bend.ng moment can be d.vid.d.into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and.the rapid.growth *** engineering projects,the recommend.d.values of the pile spacing,anchored.d.pth,and.crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d.2.0d.and.2.0EI,where d.and.EI are the d.ameter and.bend.ng stiffness of the h-type anti-slid. pile respectively.

关键词： Centrifugemod.l test Numerical simulation h-type anti-slid. pile Soil-rock mixture slop Soil arching