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Surgical intervention combined with weight-bearing walking training promotes recovery in patients with chronic spinal cord injury:a randomized controlled study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2773-2784页

作者： Hui Zhu James D.Guest Sarah dunlop Jia-Xin Xie Sujuan Gao Zhuojing Luo Joe E.Springer Wutian Wu Wise Young Wai Sang Poon Song Liu Hongkun Gao Tao Yu Dianchun Wang Libing Zhou Shengping Wu Lei Zhong Fang Niu Xiaomei Wang Yansheng Liu kwok-Fai So Xiao-Ming Xu kunming Tongren Hospital KunmingYunnan ProvinceChina Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure ParalysisMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia Minderoo Foundation PerthWAAustralia Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military CommandKunmingYunnan ProvinceChina Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Orthopedic Spinal Surgery Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKYUSA Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina W.M.keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Neurosurgery Department Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalHong Kong Special Administration RegionChina Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

For patients with chronic spinal cord injury,the co nventional treatment is rehabilitation and treatment of spinal cord injury complications such as urinary tract infection,pressure sores,osteoporosis,and deep vein *** is rarely perfo rmed on spinal co rd injury in the chronic phase,and few treatments have been proven effective in chronic spinal cord injury *** of effective therapies fo r chronic spinal co rd injury patients is *** conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal co rd injury to compare intensive rehabilitation(weight-bearing walking training)alone with surgical intervention plus intensive *** clinical trial was registered at ***(NCT02663310).The goal of surgical intervention was spinal cord detethering,restoration of cerebrospinal fluid flow,and elimination of residual spinal cord *** found that surgical intervention plus weight-bearing walking training was associated with a higher incidence of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement,reduced spasticity,and more rapid bowel and bladder functional recovery than weight-bearing walking training ***,the surgical procedures and intensive rehabilitation were *** Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement was more common in T7-T11 injuries than in T2-T6 *** combined with rehabilitation appears to have a role in treatment of chronic spinal cord injury patients.

关键词： chronic spinal cord injury intensive rehabilitation locomotor training neurological recovery surgical intervention weightbearing walking training

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.dunlop C.Forsyth k.Ok.a.ik E.Donovon A.kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor k.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.k.James L.Juusola k.kauristie E.A.kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick k.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

Relationship between FAC at plasma sheet boundary layers and AE index during storms from August to October,2001

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第7期51卷 842-848页

作者： dunlop M Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK

Unlike the previous single (dual) satellite observation, the four Clusterll satellites make it possible to directly compute the continuous field-aligned current (FAC) density according to the magnetic data from them and to enable the investigation of the relationship between the FAC and geomagnetic activity. This paper analyzes the observation data when the Cluster satellites crossed the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) in the magnetotail during the two magnetic storms in August to October 2001. According to the data, during the magnetic storms the relationship between the variations of FAC and AE index turned out to be: 1) FAC was obviously increasing during the storms; 2) FAC density was approximately negatively correlated with AE index from the sudden commencement to the early main phase of the storm; 3) they were approximately positively correlated during the late main phase and early recovery phase; 4) they were no apparent correlation during the late recovery phase.

关键词： ionosphere-magnetosphere storm cases FAC AE index

Coordinated Cluster/Double Star observations of dayside flux transfer events on 6 April 2004

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1611-1619页

作者： Malcom W. dunlop Space Science and Technology Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxfordshire OX 11 0QX UK

With the Double Star Program TC1 in the equatorial orbit and Cluster tetrahedron in the high latitude polar orbit, a conjunct observation of FTEs on the dayside magnetopause (MP) on April 6, 2004 is presented in this study. The FTEs observed by TC1 at low latitudes are characterized to be generated in the subsolar region and the obtained flux tube axes orientate along the predicted low latitude component magnetic reconnection X-line, indicating that these FTEs were more likely to be generated through multiple X-line reconnection or single X-line bursty reconnec-tion. During the same period, Cluster also encountered a series of magnetosheath FTEs with their axes pointing roughly along the interplanetary magnetic field. At last, the global FTE configuration is obtained from observations in different loca-tions, which is in good agreement with the "elbow shape" model.

关键词： magnetopause magnetic reconnection FTEs generation mechanism global configuration

A new processing method for the AE index

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1713-1720页

作者： W. BAUMJOHANN M. dunlop Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria Space Sciences Division Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot United Kingdom

In this paper, we introduce an effective processing method to acquire the time de-rivative of the AE index as a coefficient. Using this coefficient, the AE index can be divided into the four stages: quiet, ascending, descending and active stages. The statistical results show that the ascending and descending stages of the AE index are dominant and occupy two thirds of the whole period. An analysis of the rela-tionship between the occurrence frequencies of the Dst index and AE index in solar cycle 23 shows that the monthly variation of the occurrence frequencies of the ascending stage of AE is closely related to the decrease of the Dst index.

关键词： AE index Dst index FIR filter substorm

Heading control strategy assessment for coaxial compound helicopters

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第9期32卷 2037-2046页

作者： Ye YUAN Douglas THOMSON Renliang CHEN Richard dunlop National key Laboratory of Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Nanjing University of Aeronautics&AstronauticsNanjing 210016China University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQUnited Kingdom

The coaxial compound helicopter has two possible strategies for heading control: collective differential and rudder deflection. A flight dynamics model is developed to assess the effect of different heading control strategies. This includes the trim characteristics, steady flight performance,controllability, and manoeuvrability. The trim study demonstrates that heading control strategies are less influential on trim results, and the steady flight performance is also not significantly affected by the heading control strategy adopted. The controllability analysis shows although heading bandwidth and phase delay results at various speeds with different heading control strategies are all satisfied, the control derivative of the collective differential decreases as speed increases, and its heading aggressive agility is degraded into Level 3 in high-speed flight. In addition, using collective differential would lead to severe heading-rolling coupling as forward speed increases. On the contrary, the control derivative and aggressive agility of the rudder deflection is improved with forward speed, and there is no evidence of heading-rolling coupling. Finally, the transient turn MissionTask-Element(MTE) is utilized to investigate the heading manoeuvre characteristics in different heading control strategies, which indicates that the collective differential would add the amplitude of control input and the power consumption during this MTE.

关键词： Coaxial compound helicopter Control strategy Handling qualities Helicopter flight dynamics Helicopter performance

The response of plasma parameters and energy transport in the plasma sheet to interplanetary magnetic field B_z

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第7期64卷 1528-1534页

作者： REN GanMing CAO JinBin YANG Jian dunlop Malcolm Wray School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing of MIIT Beijing102206China

We use 9 years data of Cluster to study the dependencies of plasma parameters and energy transport in the plasma sheet on the lasting time of northward/southward interplanetary magnetic field(IMF). The plasma parameters and energy transport in the plasma sheet always respond to the change of IMF direction by more or less time. The ion density starts to increase/decrease remarkably at 80 min after northward/southward IMF turning. The ion temperature starts to decrease at 25 min after northward IMF turning, whereas it starts to increase at 80 min after southward IMF turning. The earthward convection velocity within15 min after northward IMF turning almost equals to that within 15 min period after southward IMF turning. However at time greater than 15 min after southward IMF turning, the earthward convection velocity under southward IMF starts to remarkably increase. The response time(15 min) of magnetospheric convection velocity is well consistent with the response times of nightside ionospheric convection to southward IMF turning. The enthalpy flux is larger than kinetic flux by about three orders of magnitudes, and thus the enthalpy flux plays a dominant role in the plasma sheet energy transport. The enthalpy flux does not weaken immediately after northward IMF turning. The enthalpy flux within 15 min after northward IMF turning is comparable to or even slightly larger than that within 15 min after southward IMF. The enthalpy flux starts to decrease at times greater than15 min after northward IMF turning, whereas it starts to increase at times greater than 15 min after southward IMF turning. The result that the enhanced energy transport during the 15 min period after northward IMF turning may explain previous observation that substorms frequently occur shortly after northward IMF turning.

关键词： plasma sheet energy transport enthalpy flux response time

The radial evolution of earthward BBFs during substorm

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1542-1551页

作者： REME H DANDOURAS I LUCEk E dunlop M Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

We here study the occurrence rate,probability function of velocity and duration of earthward bursty bulk flows(BBFs) in the Inner Plasma Sheet(IPS,β>0.5) using the data of Cluster in 2001 and *** occurrence rate of earthward BBFs increases with distance from the Earth up to ?19 RE,which is in agreement with the previous observations of the radial evolution of *** 54% of earthward BBFs in expansion phase have a velocity larger than 600 km/s,whereas only 38% of earthward BBFs in growth and recovery phases have a velocity larger than 600 km/*** average velocity of earthward BBFs in expansion phase is 732 km/s,larger than those in growth phase(631 km/s) and recovery phase(617 km/s).The durations of earthward BBFs decrease with the decrease of downtail distance from Earth due to the braking of earthward *** duration of earthward BBFs in expansion phase is larger than that in growth and recovery *** average durations in growth,expansion,and recovery phases are respectively 49.3,71.5,and 47.6 ***,the ratios of transports of energy of earthward BBFs in growth,expansion,and recovery phases can be estimated to be 0.51:1:***,the earthward BBFs in the expansion phase have the largest capability of the transport of energy and can produce the largest braking effects,such as inertial currents and auroral activities.

关键词： substorm growth expansion recovery duration energy transport

Induction of Root Hair Growth in a Phosphorus-Buffered Culture Solution

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第5期5卷 370-376页

作者： LIU Guo-dong James dunlop Thai Phung Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China AgResearch Grasslands Research Center Private Bag 11008 Palmerston North New Zealand

A system to control the release of phosphate in water was successfully established, based on solubility product of [Ca^2＋] and [PO4^3-] using tricalcium phosphate as P source in the hydroponic solution, and adding CaCl2 for supplementing extra Ca^2＋. The system, similar to soil solutions, was a P nutrient buffer solution with very low bioavailable P. The buffer solution induced the roots of both monocotyledon and dicotyledon species to grow abundant root hairs, 3 mm in maximum length. The monocotyledons were corn （Zea mays L.）（var. Yellow Rose）, wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）（var. Yanzhong 144）, Triticale secale L. （vat. Jingsong 5）, and ryegrass （Lolium rigidum L.）（var. Ruanni）, and the dicotyledons were Arabidopsis thaliana L. （var. Columbia）, white clover （Trifolium repens）（var. kopu）, Lotus （Lotus peduncucatus Cav. Luliginosus Schkuhr）（var. Grasslands Maku）. For these species we proved that the root environment controls the induction of root hair formation. However, the hydroponic buffer solution failed to induce root hairs on the roots of onion （Allium cepa L.）. Other investigators have concluded that corn does not form root hairs in hydroponics, but abundant long root hairs on corn were induced by this buffer system. The roots with abundant long root hairs are called ＂hedgehog roots＂ because they have hairs everywhere just like a hedgehog.

关键词： low-P stress root hairs Arabidopsis thaliana Zea mays Triticum aestivum