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Iron dysregulation in beta-thalassemia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第11期9卷 1013-1021页

作者： Kamonlak Leecharoenkiat Pathrapol Lithanatudom Wannapa Sornjai duncan r.smith Department of Clinical Microscopy Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChulalongkorn University Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Molecular Pathology Laboratory.Institute of Molecular Biosciences Mahidol University

Iron deficiency anemia and iron overload conditions affect more than one billion people *** homeostasis involves the regulation of cells that export iron into the plasma and cells that utilize or store *** cellular iron balance in humans is primarily mediated by the hepcidin-ferroportin *** is the sole cellular iron export protein,and its expression is regulated transcriptionally,post-transcriptionally and ***,a hormone produced by liver cells,post-translationally regulates ferroportin expression on iron exporting cells by binding with ferroportin and promoting its internalization by endocytosis and subsequent degradation by *** of iron homeostasis leading to iron deposition in vital organs is the main cause of death in betathalassemia ***-thalassemia patients show marked hepcidin suppression,ineffective eiythropoiesis,anemia and iron ***-thalassemia is common in the Mediterranean region,Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent,and the focus of this review is to provide an update on the factors mediating hepcidin related iron dysregulation in beta-thalassemia *** this process may pave the way for new treatments to ameliorate iron overloading and improve the long term prognosis of these patients.

关键词： Beta-thalassemia Hepcidin Iron overload Ferroportin

Immunological evidence of Zika virus transmission in Thailand

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第2期9卷 136-139页

作者： Nitwara Wikan Yupin Suputtamongkol Sutee Yoksan duncan r.smith Prasert Auewarakul Institute of Molecular Biosciences Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University

Objective: To identify immunological evidence of Zika virus transmission in Thailand. Methods: To undertake a preliminary serosurvey of possible exposure to Zika virus, 21 serum samples from cohort of acute undifferentiated fever patients were examined for immunoreactivity to Zika, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Chikungunya envelope antigens by Western blot analysis. results: Twenty of the 21 serum samples showed immunoreactivity to at least one of the antigens, with seven samples showing immunoreactivity to all antigens. Of particular note, two serum samples showed immunoreactivity only to Zika envelope antigen, with no immunoreactivity to other envelope antigens. Conclusions: This study presents the first evidence of Zika virus transmission in Thailand, although as yet the relationship between transmission and possible cases of Zika fever in Thailand requires further investigation.

关键词： Emerging infectious diseases Serosurvey Thailand Zika virus

Endogamous marriage and the prevalence of hemoglobin E in ethnic groups of northern Thailand

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第4期10卷 392-395页

作者： Praphat ruengthanoo Pathrapol Lithanatudom Pitsinee Inthi Janjira Termphiriyakit Phaivit Laphyai Daoroong Kangwanpong duncan r.smith Jatupol Kampuansai Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Molecular Pathology Laboratory Institute of Molecular BiosciencesMahidol University

Objective:To investigate the impact of the endogamous marriage culture on the prevalence of the hemoglobin E(HbE) recessive ***:The prevalence of the hemoglobin E(HbE)recessive variant was determined by dot-blot hybridization in 4 endogamous villages(1 Mlabri and 3 Htin ethnic groups) in comparison with 9 other nearby non-endogamous ***:Although the overall HbE prevalence in the population studied(8.44%,33/391)was not significantly different from that of the general southeast Asian population,a high prevalence and individuals with homozygous HbE were observed in two villages,the Mlabri from Wiang Sa district and the Htin from Thung Chang district of Nan province(26.3%and26.9%,respectively).The low HbE allelic frequency noticed in some endogamous populations suggests that not only endogamy but also other evolutionary forces,such as founder effect and HbE/β-thalassemia negative selection may have an effect on the distribution of the HbE ***:Our study strongly documents that cultural impact has to be considered in the extensive prevalence studies for genetic disorders in the ethnic groups of northern Thailand.

关键词： Endogamous marriage Hemoglobin E Ethnic group Northern Thailand

Nevirapine induces apoptosis in liver(HepG2) cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第6期9卷 531-536页

作者： Jeerang Wongtrakul Atchara Paemanee Phitchayapak Wintachai Chutima Thepparit Sittiruk roytrakul Thananya Thongtan Kanokwan Janphen Khuanchai Supparatpinyo duncan r.smith research Institute for Health Sciences Chiang Mai University Molecular Pathology Laboratory Institute of Molecular Biosciences Mahidol University Proteomics research Laboratory Genome Institute National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University

Objective: To generate insights into the mechanism of NVP induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Liver(HepG2) cells were cultured with various concentrations of NVP. This cell line was chosen because it has low expression of cytochrome P450, allowing evaluation of the effects of NVP rather than specific metabolites. Cytotoxicity was determined using a proliferation assay and cell numbers were monitored using trypan blue exclusion assay for long term culture experiments and apoptosis induction was determined by morphological and biochemical investigation. results: HepG2 cells treated with the highest concentration of NVP tested(819 μM) initially showed a rounded morphology and all cells had died by week three of exposure. Nuclear condensation and fragmentation, increased Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and caspase 9 activation all supported the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells in response to NVP treatment. Conclusions: There is a clear induction of apoptosis in response to NVP which suggests that NVP has significant cytotoxicity, over and above any cytotoxicity of metabolites and may contribute directly to patient hepatotoxicity.

关键词： Nevirapine Apoptosis Hepatotoxicity Cytotoxicity

A Composite Index-Based Approach for Mapping Ecosystem Service Production Hotspots and Coldspots for Priority Setting in Integrated Watershed Management Programs

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第4期10卷 49-63页

作者： duncan Kikoyo Srinivasulu Ale Patricia smith Texas A&M University College Station USA

Despite the potential synergism, integrated watershed management and ecosystem services frameworks are rarely used jointly to address the myriad of current water-related issues. The two frameworks are used in this study to spatially identify ecosystem hotspots and coldspots for priority setting in natural resource management programs. Inferred proxies of carbon storage, groundwater supply, surface water supply, and soil retention ecosystem service production potentials were quantified for Texas, U.S., using two complimentary hydro-ecological models, and valued using a non-monetary multi-criteria valuation approach. Maps of individual and composite ecosystem service values showed that several services were co-located and unevenly distributed with most of the high-value hotspots clustered in the eastern part of the state. Individual impacts of land use, climatic and soil properties on the distribution and value of ecosystem services across space were discernable. The study underscored the need for holistic management of landscapes to take advantage of the multiplicity of benefits provided by nature. The approach can readily be incorporated into resource management programs to identify high-value ecosystem service production areas that need conservation, low-value areas that may need restoration, and anthropogenic activities influencing the distribution of ecosystem services.

关键词： HAWQS InVEST Multi-Criteria Analysis Spatial Analysis Sustainability

施氮量和调制环境对白肋烟中TSNA形成的进一步研究

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施氮量和调制环境对白肋烟中TSNA形成的进一步研究

2004年COrESTA会议第58届烟草科学研究会议

作者： duncan G.A CALVErTJ smith D. MIDDLETON D.C. 孙希芳美国肯塔基大学美国农学院美国肯塔基大学美国农学院美国Lorillard烟草公司美国Lorillard烟草公司

＜正＞本报告是对晾房中自肋烟烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）形成连续研究的第三年。不同烟草TSNA的形成仍旧是烟草工业研究的重要课题。白肋烟中TSNA的显著形成发生在调制后的变黄阶段,它是由几种因素决定的,生长期间的肥力水平和调制期

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The effect of Intravenous beta-2 agonist therapy on clinical outcomes in the Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome (BALTI-2):a multicentre,randomised controlled trial

作者： r.·邓肯(r. duncan) M.·威斯登—司密斯(M. Weston-smith)

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The effect of Intravenous beta-2 agonist therapy on clinical...

中国危重病医学大会-2011暨北京医学会重症医学年会

作者： Fang Gao smith Gavin D Perkins Simon Gates duncan Young Daniel F McAuley Bill Tunnicliffe Zahid Khan Sarah E Lamb Warwick Clinical Trials Unit University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK Academic Department of Anaesthesia Critical CarePain and Resuscitation1st FloorMIDRU buildingBirmingham Heartlands HospitalHeart of England NHS Foundation TrustB9 5SSUK MD Warwick Clinical Trials Unit University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK PhD Kadoorie Critical Care research and Education Centre John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordOX3 9DU UK MD Centre for Infection and Immunity Queen's University of BelfastUniversity RoadBelfastBT7 1NNUK UK and regional Intensive Care Unit Royal Victoria HospitalSaintfield RoadBelfastBT8 8BHUK MD Crical Care Unit Queen Elizabethan Hospital EdgbastonBirmingham B15 2WBUK FRCP Kadoorie Critical Care research and Education Centre John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordOX3 9DU UK DPhil

Summary BACKGrOUND:In a previous randomised controlled phaseⅡtrial,intravenous infusion of salbutamol (15μg(kg ideal body weight) hr) for up to seven days in patients with Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome CArDS) reduced extra-vascular lung water and plateau airway *** trial sought to evaluate the effects of this intervention on mortality in patients with ArDS. METHODS:In this multicentre,placebo-controlled parallel-group randomised trial,adult patients with ArDS from 46 Intensive Care Units in the UK were randomly assigned to salbutamol(15μg(kg ideal body weight) hr) or saline placebo infusion for up to seven *** primary outcome was death within 28 days of *** participants,caregivers and investigators were blinded to group *** registration:ISrCTN 38366450;EudraCT 2006-002647-86. FINDINGS:recruitment was stopped after the second interim analysis due to safety concerns.326 patients were randomised(salbutamol 162,placebo 164).Two patients withdrew and 324 were analysed. The risk ratio for primary outcome for salbutamol versus placebo was 1.47(95%confidence interval,1.03 to 2.08;P=003).Salbutamol resulted in a 10.9%(95%CI 1.0%to 20.4%) absolute increase(34.2%vs 23.3%) in 28-day mortality,a mean 2.7 day reduction in ventilator-free days(95%CI difference-4.7 to-0.7 days, Preduction in organ failure-free days(95%CI difference-4.5 to-0.1 days,Pring the first 28 days after *** experienced more side effects in the salbutamol group than the placebo group. INTErPrETATION:Treatment with an intravenous infusion of salbutamol,early in the course of ArDS,was poorly tolerated,is unlikely to be beneficial and may worsen *** use of beta-2 agonist therapy in ventilated patients with ArDS cannot be recommended.

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