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Modeling neurodegenerative disorders in adult somatic cells： A critical review

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第3期11卷 232-245页

作者： An Truong Emily Si Thomas duncan Michael Valenzuela Regenerative Neuroscience Group Brain and Mind Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Development of new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders has been hampered by a reliance onpost mortem tissue that is representative of end-stage disease, or on animal models that fail to provide faithful analogs. However, rapid advances in cellular genetic reprogramming, in particular the induction of somatic cells into stem cells, or directly into neurons, has led to intense interest in modeling of human neurodegeneration in vitro. Here, we critically review current methods and recent progress in cellular models of Alzheimer＇s disease, Parkinson＇s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Several challenges are identified, including technical variability, lack of degenerative phenotypes, neurodevelopmental age and establishing ground truths for models of sporadic disease. Recommendations for evaluating neurodegenerative cellular models are proposed along with suggestions for future research.

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国际城市住房系统减碳经验及其中国镜鉴

城市观察 2024年第4期92卷 147-158,164页

作者：龙金桥庄立圆麦克莱兰·邓肯华东师范大学地理科学学院英国格拉斯哥大学社会与政治科学学院不详

住房系统与气候变化密切相关。住房政策通常关注住房社会目标的实现,忽略了住房系统所带来的环境影响。以国际视角为基础,本文对住房与碳排放之间的关系进行了研究,构建了二者之间的理论框架,阐述了住房对碳排放的影响及其机理,同时说... 详细信息

住房系统与气候变化密切相关。住房政策通常关注住房社会目标的实现,忽略了住房系统所带来的环境影响。以国际视角为基础,本文对住房与碳排放之间的关系进行了研究,构建了二者之间的理论框架,阐述了住房对碳排放的影响及其机理,同时说明了碳排放引起的气候变化对住房系统的影响。本文认为,在建设、维护、改善和使用住房资本时所涉及的活动和属性对碳排放起着主要推动作用,气候变化对住房系统特别是其质量、价格、运行成本及社会分层有重要影响。针对当前住房系统存在的问题,本文提出政策建议:住房、规划、交通和环境部门应加强协同,并在各级政府间和非政府间扩大合作;加强新建住宅技术创新,对存量住房进行节能改造,提升“住房服务”能源效率;注重社会公平和环境正义,确保住房系统分层过程不会导致新的不公平的地理格局产生。

关键词：住房系统碳排放住房活动递归关系碳排放双控

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Segmented sedentary time and physical activity patterns throughout the week from wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers among children 7-12 years old

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 179-188页

作者： Gillian McLellan Rosie Arthur Samantha Donnelly duncan S.Buchan School of Health and Life Sciences The University of the West of ScotlandInstitute of Clinical Exercise and Health ScienceBlantyreG72 OLHScotlandUK

Background:This study examined the volume and patterns of physical activity(PA) and sedentary time(ST) across different segments of the week among boys and ***:A total of 188 children aged 7-12 years wore a wrist-mounted ActiGraph GT3 X+accelerometer for 7 *** spent in PA and ST was calculated using ActiLife *** mean number of minutes of light PA,moderate PA,vigorous PA,moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),and ST were calculated per weekday(before school,during school,and after school) and per weekend day(morning and afternoon-evening).Results:After school represented the greatest accumulation of ST compared with before school and during school *** engaged in225.4 min/day of ST(95% confidence interval(CI):216-235),and girls engaged in 222.2 min/day of ST(95%CI:213-231).During school,boys engaged in significantly more MVPA than girls(46.1 min/day(95%CI:44-48) vs.40.7 min/day(95%CI:39-43)).Across the whole weekday,boys participated in significantly more MVPA than girls(103.9 min/day(95%CI:99-109) vs.95.7 min/day(95%CI:90-101)).The weekend afternoon—evening segment represented the larger accumulation of ST,where boys were significantly more sedentary than girls(367.5 min/day(95%CI:353-382) vs.339.8 min/day(95%CI:325-355),respectively).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that children are highly sedentary and spend little of their time in school in MVPA,especially *** breaks in school elicit increases in light PA and *** work should consider the use of more active breaks within school time to encourage PA and reduce ST.

关键词： Accelerometry School Segments Weekday Youth

Modeling the dose-response rate/associations between VO2max and self-reported Physical Activity Questionnaire in children and adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 90-95页

作者： Alan M.Nevill Michael J.duncan Gavin Sandercock Faculty of Education Health and WellbeingUniversity of WolverhamptonWalsall CampusWalsallWS13BDUK Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Coventry UniversityCoventryCV15FBUK School of Biological Sciences University of EssexColchesterCO43SQUK

Background'. This study sought to explore the dose—response rate/association between aerobic fitness (VC)2max) and self-reported physical activity(PA) and to assess whether this association varies by sex, age, and weight ***. VO2max was assessed using the 20・m shuttle・run test. PA was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) for Adolescents(aged > 11 years, PAQ-A) or for Children (aged <11 years, PAQ-C). The associations between V02raax and PAQ were analyzed using analysisof covariance (ANCOVA), adopting PAQ and PAQ2 as covariates but allowing the intercepts and slope parameters of PAQ and PAQ2 tovary with the categorical variables sex, age group, and weight ***: ANCOVA identified a curvilinear association between VO2max and PAQ, with positive linear PAQ terms that varied for both sex andweight status but with a negative PAQ2 term of —0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): —0.57 to —0.21) that was common for all groups in regardto age, sex, and weight status. These curvilinear (inverted U) associations suggest that the benefits of increasing PA (same dose) on VO2max isgreater when children report lower levels of PA compared to children who report higher levels of PA. These dose-response rates were alsosteeper for boys and were steeper for lean children compared to overweight/obese ***'. Health practitioners should be aware that encouraging greater PA (same dose) in inactive and underweight children will result ingreater gains in V02max (response) compared with their active and overweight/obese counterparts.

关键词： Aerobic fitness Curvilinear association Sex Slope parameters Weight status

Further ideal multipartite access structures from integer polymatroids

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第7期58卷 159-171页

作者： WANG YuJue WU QianHong WONG duncan S. QIN Bo MU Yi LIU JianWei School of Computer Science Wuhan University School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Wollongong School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beihang University School of Information Renmin University of China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong

Ideal access structures admit ideal secret sharing schemes where the shares have the minimal *** multipartite access structures can well mirror the real social organizations, of which the participants are partitioned into disjoint groups according to their properties, it is desirable to find expressive ideal multipartite access structures. Integer polymatroids, due to their close relationship with ideal multipartite access structures,have been shown as a powerful tool to study the ideality of some multipartite access structures. In this paper, to cater for flexible applications, we consider several ideal multipartite access structures that further extend some known results. We first explore a type of compartmented access structures with strictly lower bounds, which provide fairness among all the participant groups when recovering the secret. Then, we investigate ideal bench access structures where the participant set is divided into two parts, that is, line-up section and bench *** participants in line-up section can delegate their capabilities to the participants in bench section in such a way that the participants in bench section can take over the role of their delegators in line-up section, which is applicable to emergency situations when there are no enough participants in line-up section for recovering the secret. Finally, we propose two types of ideal partially hierarchical access structures which are suitable to more realistic hierarchical social organizations than existing results.

关键词： secret sharing access structure multipartite secret sharing polymatroids matroids linear programming

Aneuploidy in pluripotent stem cells and implications for cancerous transformation

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Protein & Cell 2014年第8期5卷 569-579页

作者： Jie Na duncan Baker Jing Zhang Peter W. Andrews Ivana Barbaric School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Sheffield Diagnostic Genetic Services Sheffield Children's Hospital Sheffield S10 2TH UK Centre for Stem Cell Biology Department of Biomedical Science The University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN UK

Owing to a unique set of attributes, human pluripotent stem cells （hPSCs） have emerged as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. Assurance of genetic stability over long term maintenance of hPSCs is pivotal in this endeavor, but hPSCs can adapt to life in culture by acquiring non-random genetic changes that render them more robust and easier to grow. In separate studies between 12.5% and 34% of hPSC lines were found to acquire chromosome abnormalities over time, with the incidence increasing with passage number. The predominant genetic changes found in hPSC lines involve changes in chromosome number and structure （particularly of chromosomes 1, 12, 17 and 20）, remi- niscent of the changes observed in cancer cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the causes and consequences of aneuploidy in hPSCs and highlight the potential links with genetic changes observed in human cancers and early embryos. We point to the need for comprehensive characterization of mechanisms underpinning both the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities and selection pressures, which allow mutations to persist in hPSC cultures. Elucidation of these mechanisms will help to design culture conditions that minimize the appearance of aneuploid hPSCs. Moreover, aneuploidy in hPSCs may provide a unique platform to analyse the driving for- ces behind the genome evolution that may eventually lead to cancerous transformation.

关键词： human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs),culture adaptation aneuploidy cancer genetic changes

Iron dysregulation in beta-thalassemia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第11期9卷 1013-1021页

作者： Kamonlak Leecharoenkiat Pathrapol Lithanatudom Wannapa Sornjai duncan R.Smith Department of Clinical Microscopy Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChulalongkorn University Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Molecular Pathology Laboratory.Institute of Molecular Biosciences Mahidol University

Iron deficiency anemia and iron overload conditions affect more than one billion people *** homeostasis involves the regulation of cells that export iron into the plasma and cells that utilize or store *** cellular iron balance in humans is primarily mediated by the hepcidin-ferroportin *** is the sole cellular iron export protein,and its expression is regulated transcriptionally,post-transcriptionally and ***,a hormone produced by liver cells,post-translationally regulates ferroportin expression on iron exporting cells by binding with ferroportin and promoting its internalization by endocytosis and subsequent degradation by *** of iron homeostasis leading to iron deposition in vital organs is the main cause of death in betathalassemia ***-thalassemia patients show marked hepcidin suppression,ineffective eiythropoiesis,anemia and iron ***-thalassemia is common in the Mediterranean region,Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent,and the focus of this review is to provide an update on the factors mediating hepcidin related iron dysregulation in beta-thalassemia *** this process may pave the way for new treatments to ameliorate iron overloading and improve the long term prognosis of these patients.

关键词： Beta-thalassemia Hepcidin Iron overload Ferroportin

Prospective associations between joint categories of physical activity and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in a population-based cohort

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 295-303页

作者： Mitch J duncan Elizabeth G Holliday Nicola W Burton Nicholas Glozier Stina Oftedal School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicineand WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of Applied Psychology Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Brain and Mind Centre Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background:Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety;however,few studies jointly examine these risk *** study aimed to prospectively examine the joint association of physical activity(PA)and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in ***:Participants from the 2013 to 2018 annnual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel study who had good mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5>54)in 2013,and who completed at least 1 follow-up survey(2014-2018),were included(n=10,977).Poor mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5≤54)was assessed ***(2013)PA was classified as high/moderate/low,and insomnia symptoms(i.e.,trouble sleeping)were classified as no insomnia symptoms/insomnia symptoms,with 6 mutually exclusive PAinsomnia symptom groups *** of PA-insomnia symptom groups with onset of poor mental health were examined using discrete-time proportional-hazards logit-hazard ***:There were 2322 new cases of poor mental health(21.2%).Relative to the high PA/no insomnia symptoms group,there were higher odds(odds ratio and 95%confidence interval(95%CI))of poor mental health among the high PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.57-2.23),moderate PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.61-2.31),low PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.96-2.78),and low PA/no insomnia symptoms(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.01-1.29)*** level of PA combined with insomnia symptoms was associated with increased odds of poor mental health,with the odds increasing as PA ***:The se findings highlight the potential benefit of interventions targeting both PA and insomnia symptoms for promoting mental health.

关键词： Depression Physical activity Sleep quality

The James Bond archives

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The James Bond archives