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Determinants of private sector credit in Uganda: the role of mobile money

Financial Innovation 2016年第1期2卷 151-166页

作者： Dorothy Nampewo Grace Ainomugisha Tinyinondi duncan roy kawooya George Wilson Ssonko Economic Research Department Bank of UgandaKampalaUganda

Background:Mobile money services have been associated with unprecedented access to financial services,notably to under-banked and unbanked ***,mobile money opens a channel through which to examine the supply of private sector credit in *** study investigates how mobile money services influence private sector credit ***:We applied the vector error correction(VEC)model and Granger causality analysis to Ugandan data from March 2009 to February 2016,the period when mobile money services were ***:The VEC model reveals that mobile money has a significant positive longrun association with private sector credit *** causality analysis reveals long-run unidirectional causality from mobile money to private sector ***:Mobile money is critical for financial intermediation because it attracts resources from both the banked and the unbanked populations into the formal financial system,facilitating private sector credit growth.

关键词： Mobile money Private sector credit Uganda

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柞蚕核型多角体病毒(ApNPV)转移载体质粒pAp M2614的组建

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病毒学报 1990年第3期6卷 280-283页

作者：张春发胡裕文范琦 roy duncan 李广泽 Patrick Lee 侯云德辽宁省蚕科所生物技术研究中心中国预防医学科学院病毒学研究所加拿大卡尔加里大学医学院

自从美国科学家***等首次建立苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)转移载体表达系统以来,已被广泛用于外源基因的表达,成为世界上一新的具有巨大潜力的载体表达系统。为了进一步提高表达产量,降低成本,日本科学家前田进建立了家蚕核型多角体... 详细信息

自从美国科学家***等首次建立苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)转移载体表达系统以来,已被广泛用于外源基因的表达,成为世界上一新的具有巨大潜力的载体表达系统。为了进一步提高表达产量,降低成本,日本科学家前田进建立了家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)载体表达系统,并获得了高效表达。柞蚕是我国特产,以蛹滞育越冬,保存时间长,个体大,可工厂化生产。因此,组建柞蚕NPV转移载体,进而建立该载体表达系统,是目前利用昆虫活体为宿主进行外源基因表达较理想的昆虫杆状病毒载体表达系统。

关键词：柞蚕核多角体病毒转移栽体

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Rationally designed mariner vectors for functional genomic analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and other Pasteurellaceae species by transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS)

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Animal Diseases 2021年第4期1卷 249-261页

作者： Janine T.Bossé Yanwen Li Leon G.Leanse Liqing Zhou roy R.Chaudhuri Sarah E.Peters Jinhong Wang Gareth A.Maglennon Matthew T.G.Holden duncan J.Maskell Alexander W.Tucker Brendan W.Wren Andrew N.Rycroft Paul R.Langford on behalf of the BRaDPT consortium Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonSt.Mary’s CampusLondonUK Wellman Center for Photomedicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA The Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit St George’s University of LondonLondonUK Department of Veterinary Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology The Royal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute CambridgeUK School of Medicine University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK The University of Melbourne ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia s Faculty of Infectious&Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK

Comprehensive identification of conditionally essential genes requires efficient tools for generating high-density transposon libraries that, ideally, can be analysed using next-generation sequencing methods such as Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS). The Himar1 (mariner) transposon is ideal for generating near-saturating mutant libraries, especially in AT-rich chromosomes, as the requirement for integration is a TA dinucleotide, and this transposon has been used for mutagenesis of a wide variety of bacteria. However, plasmids for mariner delivery do not necessarily work well in all bacteria. In particular, there are limited tools for functional genomic analysis of Pasteurellaceae species of major veterinary importance, such as swine and cattle pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, respectively. Here, we developed plasmids, pTsodCPC9 and pTlacPC9 (differing only in the promoter driving expression of the transposase gene), that allow delivery of mariner into both these pathogens, but which should also be applicable to a wider range of bacteria. Using the pTlacPC9 vector, we have generated, for the first time, saturating mariner mutant libraries in both A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida that showed a near random distribution of insertions around the respective chromosomes as detected by TraDIS. A preliminary screen of 5000 mutants each identified 8 and 14 genes, respectively, that are required for growth under anaerobic conditions. Future high-throughput screening of the generated libraries will facilitate identification of mutants required for growth under different conditions, including in vivo, highlighting key virulence factors and pathways that can be exploited for development of novel therapeutics and vaccines.

关键词： Mariner Transposon TraDIS Pasteurellaceae Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pasteurella multocida

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