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Genetic assessment of inbred chicken lines indicates genomic signatures of resistance to Marek's disease

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 803-812页

作者： lingyang Xu Yanghua He Yi Ding George E.liu Huanmin Zhang Hans H.Cheng Robert l.Taylor jr. Jiuzhou Song Department of Animal & Avian Sciences University of Maryland Animal Genomics and Improvement laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory Animal and Nutritional Sciences Davis College of Agriculture West Virginia University

Background: Marek’s disease(MD) is a highly contagious pathogenic and oncogenic disease primarily affecting chickens. However, the mechanisms of genetic resistance for MD are complex and not fully understood. MD-resistant line 63and MD-susceptible line 72are two highly inbred progenitor lines of white leghorn. Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS) were developed from these two lines, which show varied susceptibility to ***: we investigated genetic structure and genomic signatures across the genome, including the line 63and line72, six RCSs, and two reciprocally crossed flocks between the lines 63and 72(F1 63× 72and F1 72× 63) using Affymetrix~? Axiom~? HD 600 K genotyping array. we observed 18 chickens from RCS lines were specifically clustered into resistance sub-groups distributed around line 63. Additionally, homozygosity analysis was employed to explore potential genetic components related to MD resistance, while runs of homozygosity(ROH) are regions of the genome where the identical haplotypes are inherited from each parent. we found several genes including SIK, SOX1, lIG4, SIK1 and TNFSF13B were contained in ROH region identified in resistant group(line 63and RCS), and these genes have been reported that are contribute to immunology and survival. Based on FSTbased population differential analysis, we also identified important genes related to cell death and anti-apoptosis, including AKT1, API5, CDH13, CFDP and USP15,which could be involved in divergent selection during inbreeding ***: Our findings offer valuable insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of resistance to MD and the identified genes could be considered as candidate biomarkers in further evaluation.

关键词： Genetic structure Genomic signature Homozygosity Marek's disease Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS)

The Twins Clock Paradox History and Perspectives

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Journal of Modern Physics 2014年第12期5卷 1062-1078页

作者： Robert l. Shuler jr. NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX USA

The twins or clock paradox has been a subject of lively discussion and occasional disagreement among both relativists and the public for over 100 years, and continues to attract physicists who write papers giving new analyses or defending old ones, even though many physicists now consider the matter only of educational interest. This paper investigates the number of papers, which is increasing, and trends in explanations, some of which are now targeted at professional physicists and other of which are targeted at optical or radar visualization rather than problem solving. Observations of students indicate that the latest techniques help but only somewhat. An analysis is made of 21 previous treatments appearing in the education related American Journal of Physics, Einstein’s discussions and several other pedagogical papers. A new memory aid for simultaneity transformation is given that puts it on a par with “time dilation” and “length contraction” for quick and easy problem visualization. The point of view of a trailing twin is introduced to show how simultaneity changes account for missing time in the turnaround. length contraction is treated on equal footing with time dilation, and Swann’s insight into clocks is extended to lengths. Treatments using the conventionality of simultaneity are seen as equivalent to choice of co-moving frames. Responses to difficult questions are suggested which avoid being dismissive, and engage students’ critical thinking.

关键词： Clock Paradox length Contraction Simultaneity Special Relativity Time Dilation Twins Paradox

Entropy Rate of Thermal Diffusion

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第10期4卷 1393-1399页

作者： John l. Haller jr. Predictive Analytics CCC Information Services Chicago USA

The thermal diffusion of a free particle is a random process and generates entropy at a rate equal to twice the particle’s temperature, (in natural units of information per second). The rate is calculated using a Gaussian process with a variance of which is a combination of quantum and classical diffusion. The solution to the quantum diffusion of a free particle is derived from the equation for kinetic energy and its associated imaginary diffusion constant;a real diffusion constant (representing classical diffusion) is shown to be . we find the entropy of the initial state is one natural unit, which is the same amount of entropy the process generates after the de-coherence time, .

关键词： Entropy Rate Entropy Information Diffusion Temperature

Dark Particles Answer Dark Energy

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第7期4卷 85-95页

作者： John l. Haller jr. Predictive Analytics CCC Information Services Chicago USA

This paper argues that a hypothetical “dark” particle (a black hole with the reduced Planck mass and arbitrary temperature) gives a simple explanation to the open question of dark energy and has a relic density of only 17% more than the commonly accepted value. By considering an additional near-horizon boundary of the black hole, set by its quantum length, the black hole can obtain an arbitrary temperature. Black-body radiation is still present and fits as the source of the Universe’s missing energy. Support for this hypothesis is offered by showing that a stationary solution to the black hole’s length scale is the same if derived from a quantum analysis in continuous time, a quantum analysis in discrete time, or a general relativistic analysis.

关键词： Dark Particle Dark Energy Black Hole Black-Body Radiation Diffusion Brownian Motion langevin Equation Dark Matter

Measuring a Quantum System’s Classical Information

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Journal of Modern Physics 2014年第1期5卷 8-16页

作者： John l. Haller jr. CCC Information Services Data Science Chicago USA

In the governing thought, I find an equivalence between the classical information in a quantum system and the integral of that system’s energy and time, specifically , in natural units. I solve this relationship in four ways: the first approach starts with the Schrodinger Equation and applies the Minkowski transformation;the second uses the Canonical commutation relation;the third through Gabor’s analysis of the time-frequency plane and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle;and lastly by quantizing Brownian motion within the Bernoulli process and applying the Gaussian channel capacity. In support I give two examples of quantum systems that follow the governing thought: namely the Gaussian wave packet and the electron spin. I conclude with comments on the discretization of space and the information content of a degree of freedom.

关键词： Energy Time Information Entropy Rate Capacity Brownian Motion Quantum of Action Quantum of Information Discrete Space Discrete Time Spin

FISH ASSEMBlAGE RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT SECONDARY CHANNEl DESIGNS IN THE lOwER MISSISSIPPI RIVER,U.S.A.:A TEMPlATE FOR RIVER RESTORATION

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水生生物学报 2018年第6期42卷 1089-1106页

作者： KAISER Joseph E. SMITH Shannon C.F. SCHRAMM jr.,HAROlD l. EGGlETON Michael A. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff1200 N.UniversityMail Slot 4912Pine BluffArkansas 71601U.S.A U.S.Geological Survey Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitMississippi State University

The lower Mississippi River(lMR) has been heavily modified for multiple human purposes such as navigation, flood control, and bank stabilization. However, the lMR simultaneously supports a diverse fish fauna that includes recreational and commercial fisheries. Due to river training and diversion structures constructed during the past 80 years, the historic characteristics of the lMR have been drastically altered and have likely influenced fishes and fisheries in the system. One common restoration measure used throughout the lMR has been to "notch" wing-dike structures that close secondary(side) river channels. Dike notching allows year-round flows through secondary channels, which enhances habitat diversity and promotes biological productivity at the ecosystem scale. Although notching is presumed good for lMR fishes and other biota, few studies have examined its effects on fish assemblages. In this study, fish assemblages were sampled at seven lMR secondary channels spanning from river kilometer(rkm) 628(louisiana-Mississippi, U.S.A.) upstream to rkm 1504(Missouri-Kentucky, U.S.A.). Four secondary channels were termed "permanent"(i.e.,with notched dikes) while three secondary channels were termed "temporary"(i.e., without notched dikes).Fishes were sampled by boat-mounted electrofishing conducted during falling and low stages from1995—1997. Fish assemblages differed between permanent and temporary secondary channels, and varied somewhat between falling and low stages. Gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), threadfin shad(D. petenense), and white bass(Morone chrysops) demonstrated consistent preferences for low-current conditions associated with temporary secondary channels. Conversely, blue catfish(Ictalurus furcatus), flathead catfish(Pylodictis olivaris), and freshwater drum(Aplodinotus grunniens) were more associated with permanent secondary channels. Future restoration strategies in the lMR should consider dike notching and resultant maintenance of permanent seconda

关键词： Mississippi River Secondary channels Dikes Fish assemblages River restoration River rehabilitation

Electro-anatomic mapping of the right atrium:anatomic abnormality is an important substrate

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Chinese Medical Journal 2003年第3期116卷 22-26页

作者：方丕华 Nancy l Radtke Tony w Simmons wesley K Haisty jr.Karthik Ramaswamy David M.Fitzgerald Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA

Objective To map and compare the right atrium in patients with AF to those with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias (AVNRT, as control group) and to investigate the anatomical and electrophysiological abnormality of the right atrium in *** The anatomy and electrophysiology of right atrium and cavotricuspid isthmus were evaluated in 20 patients with AF (16 M/4 F, mean age 55.9±10.68 years) and 26 patients with AVNRT (9 M/17 F, mean age 47.50±19.56 years) during coronary sinus pacing at 600 ms prior to ablation with electro-anatomical mapping system. Right atrial volume (RAV), the length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus (Isl, Isw), unipolar and bipolar voltage in the right atrium (UniV-RA, BiV-RA) were measured and compared between patients with AF and those with AVNRT. Results RAV, Isl, Isw, UniV-RA, and BiV-RA were 143.22±40.72 vs 104.35±21.06 ml, 39.31±8.10 vs 32.42±9.77 mm, 30.54±7.48 vs 23.15±6.61 mm, 1.96±1.24 vs 1.53±0.91 mv and 1.47±1.47 vs 1.29±1.12 mv in AF and AVNRT *** The right atrial volume is larger; both the length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus are greater. Unipolar and bipolar voltages in the right atrium are higher in AF than in AVNRT, suggesting that the enlarged right atrium, increased length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus, and concomitant atrial hypertrophy are important substrates for initiation and perpetuation of typical AF.

关键词： atrial flutter right atrium electrophysiology

A sensitive electrochemical detection of metronidazole in synthetic serum and urine samples using low-cost screen-printed electrodes modified with reduced graphene oxide and C60

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第5期11卷 646-652页

作者： Elsa Maria Materon Ademar wong Tayane Aguiar Freitas Ronaldo Censi Faria Osvaldo N.Oliveira jr. Department of Chemistry Federal University of Sao Carlos13560-970Sao CarlosBrazil Sao Carlos Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo13560-970Sao CarlosBrazil

Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate *** this paper,we report on sensors made with screen-printed electrodes(SPE)coated with fullerene(C60),reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and Nafion(NF)(C60-rGO-NF/SPE)to determine the antibiotic metronidazole(MTZ).Under optimized conditions,the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor exhibited a linear response in square wave voltammetry for MTZ concentrations from 2.5×10^(-7) to 34×10^(-6) mol/l,with a detection limit of 2.1×10^(-7) mol/*** sensor was also capable of detecting MTZ in serum and urine,with recovery between 94%and 100%,which are similar to those of the standard chromatographic method(HPlC-UV).Because the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor is amenable to mass production and allows for MTZ determination with simple principles of detection,it fulfills the requirements of therapeutic drug monitoring programs.

关键词： Metronidazole Fullerene Reduced graphene oxide Screen-printed electrodes Antibiotic

A Theory of Our Universe

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2020年第4期6卷 609-622页

作者： Robert M. l. Baker jr. Transportation Sciences Corporation Pam Desert California USA

Contemporary theories of our Universe, such as the Friedmann-lemaître-Robertson-w.l.er (FlRw) model of the cosmos, assume that time marches on at a uniform, constant pace from its very beginning. But what if that is not the case? It is proposed that our Universe is not a “Big Bang”, but rather a “Big Rollout” in space and time, spacetime, from the shortest meaningful length, Planck length, and the shortest meaningful measure of time, Planck Time. It is speculated that time and dimensions, spacetime, grow in concert very rapidly at first. The fundamental equation, which relates the change in the space dimensions to the change in the speed of time at the beginning of time for the new Theory, is derived. Spacetime rolls out initially at light speed. As time increases, the rate of change of the speed of time could be erratic, that is although in general, it slows (rate of time slows approaching zero at the end of time), its rate of change could decelerate, pause or perhaps accelerate for a while, no need however, for dark matter or dark energy.

关键词： Cosmology Theory Early Universe Dark Matter High-Frequency Relic Gravitational waves