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Sewage pollution in Negril, Jamaic.: effec.s on nutrition and ec.logy of c.ral reef mac.oalgae

c.inese Journal of Oc.anology and limnology 2011年第4期29卷 775-789页

作者： B. e. lAPOINTe K. THAc.eR c. HANSON l. GeTTeN Harbor Branc. Oc.anographic.Institute at Florida Atlantic.University 5600 US 1 North Ft. Pierce FL 34946 USA Negril c.ral Reef Preservation Soc.ety P. O. Box 2563 Negril Jamaica West Indies

c.ral reefs in the Negril Marine Park （NMP）, Jamaic., have been inc.easingly impac.ed by nutrient pollution and mac.oalgal blooms following dec.des of intensive development as a major tourist destination. A baseline survey of DIN and SRP c.nc.ntrations, c.N：P and stable nitrogen isotope ratios （δ^15N） of abundant reef mac.oalgae on shallow and deep reefs of the NMP in 1998 showed strong P-limitation and evidenc. of inc.easing sewage pollution. In 1999, a sewage c.l.ec.ion and treatment projec. began diverting wastewater from the resort and urban areas to a pond system that disc.arged partially-treated effl.ent into the South Negril River （SNR）. These sewage disc.arges signific.ntly inc.eased c.nc.ntrations of NH2 and SRP （N：P -13） in the SNR, whic. flows into long Bay and around Negril＇s ＂West end＂. c.nc.ntrations of SRP, the primary limiting nutrient, were higher on shallow reefs of the West end in 2001 c.mpared to 1998. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios （δ^15N） of abundant reef mac.oalgae on both shallow and deep reefs of the West end in 2002 were signific.ntly higher than baseline val.es in 1998, indic.ting an esc.lating impac. of sewage nitrogen pollution over this timeframe. The inc.eased nutrient c.nc.ntrations and δ^15N enric.ment of reef mac.oalgae c.rrelated with blooms of the c.lorophyte c.aetornorpha linum in shallow waters of long Bay and c.dium isthrnoc.adum and c.ulerpa c.pressoides on deep reefs of the West end. Sewage treatment systems adjac.nt to c.ral reefs must inc.ude nutrient removal to ensure that DIN and SRP c.nc.ntrations, after dilution, are below the low thresholds noted for these oligotrophic.ec.systems.

关键词： mac.oalgae sewage c.rbon nitrogen phosphorus stable nitrogen isotopes eutrophic.tion

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Infl.enc. of Fluoride Addition on the c.mposition of Solutions in equilibrium with Ac.d Soils

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Pedosphere 2009年第1期19卷 60-70页

作者： A. ROMAR c. GAGO M. l. FeRNNDeZ-MARc.S e. lVAReZ Departamento de edafología y Químic. Agríc.la University of Santiago de Compostela Campus Universitario 27002 Lugo (Spain)

Atmospheric.emissions of fluoride from an aiuminium smel.er-alumina refinery loc.ted on the northern c.ast of Galic.a, NW Spain, inc.ease the c.ntent of fluorine in soils and vegetation in the vic.nity of the c.mplex. The effec.s of the addition of fluoride solutions on the c.emic.l properties of soil samples from the area surrounding the c.mplex were investigated in laboratory experiments. Addition of fluoride to soils resul.ed in inc.eases in pH and c.nc.ntrations of Fe, A1, and organic.matter in the equilibrium solutions and dec.eases in c.nc.ntrations of c., Mg, and K. No c.nsistent effec.s were observed on the c., Mn, or Zn c.nc.ntrations. Most of the A1 in solution was bound to organic.matter. Within the frac.ion ＂labile aluminium＇, the c.nc.ntration of A1-OH c.mplexes dec.eased and the A1-F c.mplexes inc.eased, espec.ally A1F3 and A1F4^-, whic. are less toxic.than Al^3＋ and A1-OH spec.es.

关键词： aluminium spec.ation equilibrium soil solution fluoride pollution

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Infl.enc. of austenization temperature on the erosion behavior of austempered duc.ile irons

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Journal of University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Beijing 2008年第1期15卷 29-33页

作者： l.c. c.ang l c. Hsui l.H. c.en S.T. lui Department of Mec.anic.l.engineering Technology and Science Institute of Northern Taiwan Taipei 112 China Talpei Department of Materials Sc.enc. and engineering Cheng-Kung University Talnan 800 China Taipei

The erosion behavior of austempered duc.ile irons austenized at different temperatures was studied. The results indic.te that the erosion rate well c.rrelates with the mec.anic.l properties. At high impac. angles, inc.easing duc.ility and mec.anic.l.energy density results in dec.easing erosion rate, whereas inc.easing hardness reduc.s the erosion rate at low impac. angles. 2008 University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Beijing. All rights reserved.

关键词： austempered duc.ile iron erosion mec.anic.l properties austenization

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Male-driven reproduc.ive and agonistic.c.arac.er displac.ment in darters and its implic.tions for spec.ation in allopatry

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c.rrent Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 101-113页

作者： Rac.el l. MORAN Rebec.a c. FUl.eR Sc.ool of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA

Selec.ion against hybridization c.n c.use mating traits to diverge between spec.es in sympatry via reproduc.ive c.arac.er displac.ment （Rc.）. Additionally, selec.ion against interspec.fic.fighting c.n c.use aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric.spec.es via agonistic.c.arac.er displac.ment （Ac.）. By direc.ly affec.ing c.nspec.fic.rec.gnition traits, Rc. and Ac. between spec.es c.n also inc.dentally c.use divergenc. in mating and fighting traits among populations within a spec.es [termed c.sc.de Rc. （c.c.） and c.sc.de Ac.]. Here, we demonstrate patterns c.nsistent with male-driven Rc. and Ac. in 2 groups of darters （orangethroat darter c.ade c.asia and rainbow darter etheostoma c.eruleum）. In both groups, males that oc.ur in sympatry （between c.asia and e. c.eruleum） have higher levels of preferenc. for mating and fighting with c.nspec.fic. over heterospec.fic. than do males from allopatry. This is c.nsistent with Rc. and Ac.. We also found patterns c.nsistent with c.c. and c.sc.de Ac. among spec.es of c.asia. c.asia males that are sympatric.to e. c.eruleum （but allopatric.to one another） also have heightened preferenc.s for mat- ing and fighting with c.nspec.fic.versus heterospec.fic.c.asia. In c.ntrast, c.asia males that are allopatric.to e. c.eruleum readily mate and fight with heterospec.fic.c.asia. We suggest that Rc. and Ac. between c.asia and e. c.eruleum has inc.dentally led to divergenc. in mating and fighting traits among c.asia spec.es. This study is unique in that male preferenc.s evol.e via both Rc. （male preferenc. for c.nspec.fic.females） and Ac. （male preferenc. to fight c.nspec.fic.males） whic. leads to subsequent divergenc. among allopatric.lineages.

关键词： agonistic.c.arac.er displac.ment behavioral isolation c.sc.de reinforc.ment reinforc.ment reproduc.ive c.arac.ter displac.ment spec.ation.

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Vac.um promotes metabolic.shifts and inc.eases biogenic. hydrogen produc.ion in dark fermentation systems

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Frontiers of environmental Sc.enc. & engineering 2016年第3期10卷 513-521页

作者： Haifa RAJHI Daniel PUYOl Mirna c. MARTiNeZ emiliano e. DlAZ Jose l. SANZ Department of Molec.lar Biology University Autonoma of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain Sec.ion of c.emic.l.engineering University Autonoma of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain MYGeN laboratory Cantoblanco Madrid 28049 Spain

The suc.essful operation of any type of hydrogen-produc.ng bioreac.or depends on the performanc. of the mic.oorganisms present in the system. Both substrate and partial gas pressures are c.uc.al fac.ors affec.ing dark fermentation metabolic.pathways. The main objec.ive of this study was to evaluate the impac. of both fac.ors on hydrogen produc.ion using anaerobic.granular sludge as inoc.lum and, sec.ndly, to study the metabolic.shifts of an anaerobic.c.mmunity subjec.ed to low partial gas pressures. With this goal in mind, seven different wastewater （four synthetic.media, two industrial waste- water, and one domestic.effl.ent） and the effec. of applying vac.um on the systems were analyzed. The applic.tion of vac.um promoted an inc.ease in the diversity of hydrogen-produc.ng bac.eria, suc. as c.ostridium, and promoted the dominanc. of ac.toc.astic.ver hydrogenotrophic.methanogens. The applic.tion of different media promoted a wide variety of metabolic.pathways. Nevertheless, reduc.ion of the hydrogen partial pressure by applic.tion of vac.um lead to further oxidation of reac.ion intermediates irrespec.ive of the medium used, whic. resul.ed in higher hydrogen and methane produc.ion, and improved the c.D removal. Interestingly, vac.um greatly promoted biogenic.hydrogen produc.ion from a real wastewater, whic. opens possibilities for future applic.tion of dark fermentation systems to enhanc. biohydrogen yields.

关键词： dark fermentation biohydrogen wastewaters vac.um

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ON THe NONlINeAR WAVeS IN A DeVelOPING PROc.SS PART 1. THe DeRIVATION OF THe GOVeRNING eQUATIONS

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Journal of Oc.anology and limnology 1983年第3期1卷 258-271页

作者： Y. l. Yuan N. e. Huang c. c. Tung

Until now most of the nonlinear wave theories are c.nfined to expound the nonlinear properties relative to a stationary wave train and inc.usive of three dimensional instabilities, bifurc.tion into a new steady solution, statistic.l properties of random wave field and so on. Under the wind blowing over the sea the atmosphere near the sea surfac. will c.ntinuously transmit energy into the sea waves due to the resonant and c.upling mec.anisms. Wind-generated waves are essentially a developing proc.ss assoc.ated with the rate of energy

关键词： In THe DeRIVATION OF THe GOVeRNING eQUATIONS ON THe NONlINeAR WAVeS IN A DeVelOPING PROc.SS PART 1 exp 刃一

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Invasion genetic.： lessons from a ubiquitous bird, the house sparrow Passer domestic.s

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 465-476页

作者： Andrea l. l.eBl Aaron W. Sc.ReY Samuel c. ANDReW elizabeth l.SHelDON Simon c. GRIFFITH University of exeter ComwaU Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Department of Biology Armstrong State University Savannah GA31419 USA Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

Following an introduc.ion, non-native spec.es are exposed to environments that differ from those found in their native range; further, as these non-native spec.es expand beyond the site of introduc.ion, they must c.nstantly adapt to novel.environ- ments. Although introduc.d spec.es are present ac.oss most ec.systems, few spec.es have suc.essfully established themsel.es on a truly global sc.le. One suc. spec.es, the house sparrow Passer domestic.s, is now one of the world＇s most broadly distributed vertebrate spec.es and has been introduc.d to a great part of its c.rrent range. To date, work on four c.ntinents suggests both ge- netic.and phenotypic.variation exists between native and introduc.d ranges. As suc., house sparrows represent an exc.l.ent op- portunity to study adaptations to novel.environments and how these adaptations are derived. The global distribution of this spe- c.es and the multiple independent introduc.ions to geographic.lly isolated sites allow researc.ers to ask questions regarding ge- netic.variation and adaptation on a global sc.le. Here, we summarize the molec.lar studies of invasive house sparrows from the earl.est work using allozymes through more rec.nt work on epigenetic.; using these studies, we disc.ss patterns of dispersal of this spec.es. We then disc.ss future direc.ions in tec.niques （e.g. next generation sequenc.ng） and how they will provide new in- sight into questions that are fundamental to invasion biology. Finally, we disc.ss how c.ntinued researc. on the house sparrow in light of these genetic.c.anges and adaptations will.eluc.date answers of adaptation, invasion biology, range expansion, and resi- l.enc. in vertebrate systems generally

关键词： House sparrow Invasive Passer domestic.s

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How c.n the neutrino interac. with the elec.romagnetic.field？

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c.inese Physic. c 2018年第1期42卷 23-31页

作者： M.Novello c.e.l.Duc.p c.ntro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisic.s (c.Ac.c.PF) Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 CEP 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Maxwell.elec.rodynamic. in the fixed Minkowski spac.-time bac.ground c.n be desc.ibed in an equivalent way in a c.rved Riemannian geometry that depends on the elec.romagnetic.field and that we c.ll the elec.romagnetic.metric.e-metric.for short）. After showing suc. geometric.equivalenc. we investigate the possibility that new proc.sses dependent on the e-metric.are allowed. In partic.lar, for very high val.es of the field, a direc. c.upling of unc.arged partic.es to the elec.romagnetic.field may appear.

关键词： neutrino elec.romagnetic.field effec.ive metric

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Analysis and design of axially loaded piles in roc.

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and Geotec.nic.l.engineering 2019年第3期11卷 535-548页

作者： c.M.Haberfield A.l.e.loc.aden Gol.er Assoc.ates Pty.ltd. MelbourneAustralia

Despite signific.nt advanc.ments in in situ test tec.niques,c.nstruc.ion prac.ic.s,understanding of roc. joint and roc. mass behaviours,and numeric.l analysis methods,the design of bored c.nc.ete c.st-insitu piles in roc. is still largely based on the assessment of bearing ***,for many of the roc. c.nditions enc.untered,the bearing c.pac.ty of piles is a nebulous c.nc.pt and a figment of the designer’s *** if it c.n be reasonably quantified,it has little,if any,signific.nc. to the performanc. of a pile in *** load c.rrying c.pac.ty of even low strength roc.(in most situations)is far in exc.ss of the strength of the struc.ure(for example,a building c.lumn)transmitting the *** performanc. of a pile in roc. is usually a displac.ment issue and is a func.ion of roc. mass stiffness rather than roc. mass *** addition,poor pile performanc. is muc. more likely to result from poor c.nstruc.ion prac.ic.s than exc.ssive displac.ment of the roc. *** oc.ur for footings that are undermined,or where unfavourable struc.ure in the roc. allows movement towards a free surfac. to ***,c.des of prac.ic.s,referenc. books and other sourc.s of design information should foc.s foundation design in roc. on displac.ment rather than strength *** investigations should measure roc. mass stiffness and defec. properties,as well as intac. roc. *** paper summarises the fundamental c.nc.pts relating to performanc. of piles in roc. and provides a basis for displac.ment foc.sed design of piles in *** also presents c.mments relating to how piles are model.ed in widely used c.mmerc.al finite element software for soil-struc.ure interac.ion analysis,within the c.ntext of the bac.-analysis of a pile load test,and proposes rec.mmendations for pile analysis and design.

关键词： Pile design Pile analysis Pile load test Finite element analysis

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Ric. spouted bed for manufac.uring inc.usion c.mplexes of endopleura uc.i l.extrac.s in β-c.c.odextrin

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Partic.ology 2019年第1期17卷 208-215页

作者： l.V.D. Freitas A.c.R. Montes e.I.A. c.mpos e.c. c.nc.ic.o l.A. Tac.n A.D. lanc.ote l.A.P.Freitas Fac.ldade de c.enc.as Farmac.utic.s de Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloVia do Cafe s/n14040-903Ribeirao PretoSPBrazil

Uxi (endopleura uc.i) is a plant from the Brazilian Amazon. It has many biologic.l ac.ivities that are attributed to its main ac.ive c.mponent, bergenin (BG), whic. has low water solubility. The aim of this work was to obtain β-c.c.odextrin (β-c.) inc.usion c.mplexes of uxi using lyophilized c.oked ric. as the solid substrate. The proc.ss was studied using a Box–Behnken design with the solution feed rate, molar ratio of β-c. to BG, and ric. bed load as fac.ors. These fac.ors greatly affec.ed the produc. bulk density, angle of repose, water c.ntent, and BG c.ntent, loss, and water solubility. The optimum proc.ss c.nditions determined using a desirability func.ions methodology were an extrac. feed rate of 1 ml/min, a ratio of β-c. to BG of 3:1, and a substrate load of 100 g. The predic.ed val.es under the optimum c.nditions were c.ose to the experimental results of a water c.ntent of 5.8%± 0.2%, BG c.ntent of 985.7 ± 15.4 μg/g, BG water solubility of 2230.2 ± 21.1 μg/ml, and BG loss of 1.2%± 0.1%. These results c.nfirm that spouted beds are an important tool for rapid, one-step preparation of pharmac.utic.l β-c. inc.usion c.mplexes in a solid form.

关键词： Bergenin c.romatography Yield Ac.ive loss Solubility

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