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Evidence relating cigarette,cigar and pipe smoking to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2023年第5期11卷 228-252页

作者： peter nicholas Lee Katharine J Coombs Jan S Hamling Medical Statistics and Epidemiology P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom Statistics P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing LtdSutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom Statistics RoeLee Statistics LtdSutton SM25DAUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND There is a need to have up-to-date information for various diseases on the risk related to the use of different smoked products and the use of other nicotinecontaining ***,we contribute to the information pool by presenting up-to-date quantitative evidence for North America,Europe and Japan and for both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)on the relative risk(RR)relating to current vs never product use for each of the three smoked tobacco products,cigarettes,cigars and *** To estimate lung cancer and COPD current smoking RRs for the three products using recent data for the three *** Publications in English from 2010 to 2020 were considered that,based on epidemiological studies in the three regions,estimated the current smoking RR of lung cancer and/or COPD for one or more of the three *** studies should involve at least 100 cases of the disease considered,not be restricted to specific lung cancer types or populations with specific medical conditions,and should be of cohort or nested case-control study design or randomized controlled *** searches were conducted on MEDLINE separately for lung cancer and for COPD,examining titles and abstracts initially,and then full *** papers were sought from reference lists of selected papers,reviews and *** each study identified,the most recent available data on each product were entered on current smoking,as well as on characteristics of the study and the RR *** RR estimates were derived using random-effects *** cigarette smoking,where far more data were available,heterogeneity was studied by a wide range of *** cigar and pipe smoking,a more limited heterogeneity analysis was carried *** were compared with those from previous meta-analyses published since *** Current cigarette smoking:For lung cancer,44 studies(26 North American,14 European,three Japanese,and one in mu

关键词： Cigarettes Cigars Pipes Lung cancer Meta-analysis Review

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Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in Europe,Israel,America and Australasia on smoking and COVID-19

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2021年第4期9卷 353-376页

作者： peter nicholas Lee Janette S Hamling Katharine Jane Coombs Department of Statistics P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DAUnited Kingdom Department of Statistics RoeLee Statistics Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses related smoking to death or severe infection from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in hospitalized patients,but considered only a few studies,did not adjust for demographics and comorbidities,and inadequately defined *** To review and meta-analyse epidemiological evidence on smoking and COVID-19,considering a range of endpoints,populations and smoking definitions and the effect of *** Studies were identified from publications in English up to 30 September,2020 involving at least 100 individuals,carried out in Europe,Israel,America or Australasia,not restricted to those with specific other diseases,and providing information relating smoking to various COVID-related ***-analyses were carried out for combinations of population and endpoint,with variation studied by smoking definition,adjustment level and other *** From 96 publications,74 studies were identified,37 in the United States,10 in the United Kingdom,with up to four in the other *** involved over a million individuals,and 37 involved less than a *** results for smoking were available in 42 studies,with adjustment not considered in 20 *** were considered by *** significant effect of smoking on COVID-19 positivity was seen in the general population,but there was a reduced risk in those ***-adjusted estimates for current(vs never)smoking were 0.87(95%confidence interval:0.52-1.47)in the general population and 0.52(0.43-0.64)in those *** those hospitalized due to COVID-19,unadjusted rates were significantly increased in current smokers(1.20,1.01-1.42)and ever smokers(1.64,1.41-1.91),but those adjusted for comorbidities showed no increase for current(0.82,0.52-1.30)or ever smokers(1.00,0.76-1.32).There was little evidence to suggest that smoking was associated with intensive care *** those hospitalized with COVID-19,best-adjusted estimates were 0.88(0.72-1.08)for cu

关键词： Smoking COVID-19 Meta-analyses Review Europe America

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Evidence relating cigarettes,cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke:Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2023年第6期11卷 290-312页

作者： peter nicholas Lee Katharine J Coombs Jan S Hamling Medical Statistics and Epidemiology P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND More recent data are required relating to disease risk for use of various smoked products and of other products containing *** we published metaanalyses of recent results for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer on the relative risk(RR)of current compared to never product use for cigarettes,cigars and pipes based on evidence from North America,Europe and *** now report corresponding up-to-date evidence for acute myocardial infarction(AMI),ischaemic heart disease(IHD)and *** To estimate,using recent data,AMI,IHD and stroke RRs by region for current smoking of cigarettes,cigars and *** Publications in English from 2015 to 2020 were considered that,based on epidemiological studies in the three regions,estimated the current smoking RR of AMI,IHD or stroke for one or more of the three *** studies should involve at least 100 cases of stroke or cardiovascular disease(CVD),not be restricted to populations with specific medical conditions,and should be of cohort or nested case-control study design or randomized controlled trials.A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE,examining titles and abstracts initially,and then full *** papers were sought from reference lists of selected papers,reviews and *** each study identified,we entered the most recent available data on current smoking of each product,as well as the characteristics of the study and the RR *** RR estimates were derived using random-effects meta-analysis for stroke and,in the case of CVD,separately for IHD and *** cigarette smoking,where far more data were available,heterogeneity was studied by a wide range of *** cigar and pipe smoking,a more limited heterogeneity analysis was carried out.A more limited assessment of variation in risk by daily number of cigarettes smoked was also *** Current cigarette smoking:Ten studies gave a random-effects RR for AMI of 2.72[95%confide

关键词： Cigarettes Cigars Pipes Cardiovascular disease Stroke Meta-analysis Review

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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central Laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas Ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging Ltd PitstoneUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics Ltd ReadingUK DeBe Lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments Ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces Ltd KenleyUK JEH Lasers Ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics Ltd BallasallaUK Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific Ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight Ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared Lasers Ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK Ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems Ltd BeckenhamUK Laser Micromachining Ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK Ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes Research Laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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Kynurenine is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced during inflammation

Kynurenine is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor produce...

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中国生理学会第23届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： Gavin McKenzie Paul K Witting Johannes-peter Stasch Michael Hahn Dechaboon Changsirivathanathamrong Helen J Ball Shane R Thomas Vimal Kapoor David S Celermajer Andrew L Mellor John F Keaney,Jr nicholas H Hunt Roland Stocker School of Medical Sciences University of New South WalesNSW 2052Australia School of Medical Sciences(Pathology)and Bosch Institute Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Cardiovascular Research Bayer HealthCare WuppertalGermany Medicinal Chemistry Bayer HealthCareWuppertalGermany Centre for Vascular Research School of Medical Sciences(Pathology)and Bosch InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Centre for Vascular Research University of New South WalesNSW 2052Australia School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hospital University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Immunotherapy Center Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta GA 30912U.S.A

＜正＞Control of blood vessel tone is central to vascular *** we show that metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase（Ido） expressed in endothelial cells contributes to arterial vessel relaxation and the control of blood *** of mice with malarial parasites（Plasmodium berghei） or induction of endotoxemia in mice led to endothelial expression of Ido,decreased plasma tryptophan concentration, increased kynurenine concentration and *** inhibition of Ido increased blood pressure in systemically inflamed mice but not in mice deficient in Ido or interferon-γ,which is required for Ido *** tryptophan and kynurenine dilated preconstricted porcine coronary arteries;the dilating effect of tryptophan required the presence of active Ido and an intact endothelium,whereas the effect of kynurenine was endothelium *** arterial relaxation induced by kynurenine was mediated by activation of the adenylate and soluble guanylate cyclase *** administration decreased blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner in spontaneously hypertensive *** results identify tryptophan metabolism by Ido as a new pathway contributing to the regulation of vascular tone.

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抗生素耐药性环境中产生和转移的人类健康风险评估(HHRA)

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环境与职业医学 2014年第2期31卷 151-157页

作者： nicholas J.Ashbolt Alejandro Amézquita Thomas Backhaus peter Borriello Kristian K.Brandt peter Collignon Anja Coors Rita Finley William H.Gaze Thomas Heberer John R.Lawrence D.G.Joakim Larsson Scott A.McEwen James J.Ryan Jens Schnfeld peter Silley Jason R.Snape Christel Van den Eede Edward Topp 王晓宇张伊人操仪 U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Unilever-Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Gothenburg University Veterinary Medicines Directorate Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen The Canberra Hospital and Canberra Clinical School Australian National University ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH Fl?rsheim/Main Public Health Agency of Canada European Centre for Environment and Human Health Exeter University Medical School Knowledge Spa Royal Cornwall Hospital Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Department 3: Veterinary Drugs Environment Canada Saskatoon Institute for Biomedicine The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Environment Health and Safety GlaxoSmithKline Umweltbundesamt Federal Environment Agency MB Consult Limited Southampton University of Bradford Brixham Environmental Laboratory Pfizer Animal Health VMRD Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada London Ontario Canada

[背景]直到最近,人们才明确环境能影响抗生素耐药性风险对临床结果的影响,但迄今为止,很少有文献记录正式评估这些风险的方法。[目标]我们研究可能的方法,并试图确定人类健康风险评估(HHRA)的研究需求,这项评估注重环境在抗生素耐药性... 详细信息

[背景]直到最近,人们才明确环境能影响抗生素耐药性风险对临床结果的影响,但迄今为止,很少有文献记录正式评估这些风险的方法。[目标]我们研究可能的方法,并试图确定人类健康风险评估(HHRA)的研究需求,这项评估注重环境在抗生素耐药性病原体所致的抗生素治疗失败中所起的作用。[方法]作者参加了2012年3月4—8日在加拿大魁北克省举行的研讨会,定义抗生素耐药性风险与人类健康环境评估的范围和目标。我们专注于环境中耐药性产生"热点区域"的关键要素,(与食品无关的)暴露评估以及剂量反应,以描述风险特征,从而改善抗生素耐药性管理的方案。[讨论]识别传统风险评估中有助于评估环境中抗生素耐药性的各个新方面。包括:a)解释附加的选择压力对环境耐药基因组的作用,即随着时间的推移,促使抗生素耐药性细菌(ARB)产生;b)在相关的环境组成部分的"热点区域"中识别和描述水平基因转移(HGT)率;c)针对不同健康结局和途径的ARB剂量修改传统的剂量反应方法。[结论]我们建议将抗生素耐药性产生造成的环境影响纳入所有涉及ARB的HHRA过程之中。由于可用的数据有限,一种多标准决策分析方法将有助于进行环境中抗生素耐药性的HHRA,并使风险管理者了解环境抗生素耐药性。

关键词：抗生素耐药性健康风险评估环境评估人类健康基因转移剂量反应决策分析方法耐药性细菌

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Using electronic medical record data to assess chronic kidney disease,type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease testing,recognition and management as documented in Australian general practice:a cross-sectional analysis

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2022年第1期10卷 25-35页

作者： Julia L Jones Natalie G Lumsden Koen Simons Anis Ta'eed Maximilian P de Courten Tissa Wijeratne nicholas Cox Christopher J A Neil Jo-Anne Manski-Nankervis peter Shane Hamblin Edward D Janus Craig L Nelson Nephrology Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Medicine University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Western Health Chronic Disease Alliance MelbourneVictoriaAustralia General Practice University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Victoria UniversityMelbourneVictoria3011 La Trobe University MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Neurology Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Cardiology Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Endocrinology and Diabetes Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Medicine Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Objectives To evaluate the capacity of general practice(GP)electronic medical record(EMR)data to assess risk factor detection,disease diagnostic testing,diagnosis,monitoring and pharmacotherapy for the interrelated chronic vascular diseases-chronic kidney disease(CKD),type 2 diabetes(T2D)and cardiovascular *** Cross-sectional analysis of data extracted on a single date for each practice between 12 April 2017 and 18 April 2017 incorporating data from any time on or before data extraction,using baseline data from the Chronic Disease early detection and Improved Management in PrimAry Care *** data were extracted from GP EMRs using the Pen Computer Systems Clinical Audit Tool and descriptive statistics used to describe the study *** Eight GPs in Victoria,*** Patients were≥18 years and attended GP≥3 times within 24 months.37946 patients were *** Risk factor and disease testing/monitoring/treatment were assessed as per Australian guidelines(or US guidelines if none available),with guidelines simplified due to limitations in data availability where *** factor assessment in those requiring it:30%of patients had body mass index and 46%blood pressure within guideline recommended *** testing in at-risk population:17%had diagnostic testing as per recommendations for CKD and 37%for *** undiagnosed disease:Pathology tests indicating possible disease with no diagnosis already coded were present in 6.7%for CKD,1.6%for T2D and 0.33%familial *** prevalence:Coded diagnoses were recorded in 3.8%for CKD,6.6%for T2D,4.2%for ischaemic heart disease,1%for heart failure,1.7%for ischaemic stroke,0.46%for peripheral vascular disease,0.06%for familial hypercholesterolaemia and 2%for atrial *** prescriptions:the proportion of patients prescribed guideline-recommended medications ranged from 44%(beta blockers for patients for some condi

关键词： diagnosis testing record

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Enhanced ion acceleration from transparency-driven foils demonstrated at two ultraintense laser facilities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 593-604页

作者： nicholas P.Dover Tim Ziegler Stefan Assenbaum Constantin Bernert Stefan Bock Florian-Emanuel Brack Thomas E.Cowan Emma J.Ditter Marco Garten Lennart Gaus Ilja Goethel George S.Hicks Hiromitsu Kiriyama Thomas Kluge James K.Koga Akira Kon Kotaro Kondo Stephan Kraft Florian Kroll Hazel F.Lowe Josefine Metzkes-Ng Tatsuhiko Miyatake Zulfikar Najmudin Thomas Püschel Martin Rehwald Marvin Reimold Hironao Sakaki Hans-peter Schlenvoigt Keiichiro Shiokawa Marvin E.P.Umlandt Ulrich Schramm Karl Zeil Mamiko Nishiuchi Kansai Photon Science Institute National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology8-1-7 UmemidaiKizugawaKyoto 619-0215Japan The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01069 DresdenGermany Interdiscipllinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga-KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan

Laser-driven ion sources are a rapidly developing technology producing high energy,high peak current *** suitability for applications,such as compact medical accelerators,motivates development of robust acceleration schemes using widely available repetitive ultraintense femtosecond *** applications not only require high beam energy,but also place demanding requirements on the source stability and *** can be seriously affected by the laser temporal contrast,precluding the replication of ion acceleration performance on independent laser systems with otherwise similar ***,we present the experimental generation of>60 MeV protons and>30 MeV u-1 carbon ions from sub-micrometre thickness Formvar foils irradiated with laser intensities>1021 *** are accelerated by an extreme localised space charge field≥30TVm-1,over a million times higher than used in conventional *** field is formed by a rapid expulsion of electrons from the target bulk due to relativistically induced transparency,in which relativistic corrections to the refractive index enables laser transmission through normally opaque *** replicate the mechanism on two different laser facilities and show that the optimum target thickness decreases with improved laser contrast due to reduced *** demonstration that energetic ions can be accelerated by this mechanism at different contrast levels relaxes laser requirements and indicates interaction parameters for realising application-specific beam delivery.

关键词： acceleration intense transparency

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Adenocarcinoma arising at ileostomy sites:Two cases and a review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2015年第6期7卷 94-97页

作者： Lauren Procaccino Sameer Rehman Alexander Abdurakhmanov peter McWhorter nicholas La Gamma Madhu C Bhaskaran James Maurer Gregory M Grimaldi Horacio Rilo Jeffrey Nicastro Gene Coppa Ernesto P Molmenti John Procaccino Department of Surgery North Shore University Hospital

Total colectomy with ileostomy placement is a treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease or familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP). A rare and late complication of this treatment is carcinoma arising at the ileostomy site. We describe two such cases: a 78-year-old male 30 years after subtotal colectomy and ileostomy for FAP, and an 85-year-old male 50 years after colectomy and ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. The long latency period between creation of the ileostomies and development of carcinoma suggests a chronic metaplasia due to an irritating/inflammatory causative factor. Surgical excision of the mass and relocation of the stoma is the mainstay of therapy, with possible benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy. Newly developed lesions at stoma sites should be biopsied to rule out the possibility of this rare ileostomy complication.

关键词： Ileostomy Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Familial adenomatous polyposis Inflammatory boweldisease Complication of ileostomy

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亚太地区胃食管反流病的处理共识:更新版

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胃肠病学 2008年第7期13卷 421-436页

作者： Kwong Ming Fock nicholas J Talley Ronnie Fass Khean Lee Goh peter Katelaris Richard Hunt Michio Hongo Tiing Leong Ang Gerald Holtmann Sanjay Nandurkar San Ren Lin Benjamin CY Wong Francis KL Chan Abdul Aziz Rani Young-Tae Bak Jose Sollano Khek Yu Ho Sathoporn Manatsathit 钱本余 Changi General Hospital Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester University of Arizona Health Sciences Center University of Malaya University of Sydney McMaster University Medical Center Tohoku University Hospital Royal Adelaide Hospital Monash University The Third Hospital Peking University Queen Mary Hospital Prince of Wales Hospital University of Indonesia Korea University College of Medicine University of Santo Tomas National University Hospital Siriraj Hospital

背景与目的:自从2004年亚太地区胃食管反流病(GERD)共识发表以来,更多关于GERD流行病学和处理的文献资料相继出现。有必要对这些资料进行循证综述,对共识作出更新。方法:由多学科专家组应用德尔菲(Delphi)法制定共识条文,提呈相关资料,... 详细信息

背景与目的:自从2004年亚太地区胃食管反流病(GERD)共识发表以来,更多关于GERD流行病学和处理的文献资料相继出现。有必要对这些资料进行循证综述,对共识作出更新。方法:由多学科专家组应用德尔菲(Delphi)法制定共识条文,提呈相关资料,并对证据质量、推荐力度和共识水平进行分级。结果:亚洲GERD发生率日益增加。其危险因素包括老年、男性、种族、家族史、社会经济地位高、体重指数增加和吸烟。对于有典型症状而无报警症状的患者,对质子泵抑制剂(PPI)试验有症状应答具有诊断意义。如PPI试验失败,停止治疗后pH监测结果阴性可排除GERD。窄带成像、胶囊内镜检查和无线pH监测的作用尚未明确。亚洲诊断策略的制定须考虑到并存的胃癌和消化性溃疡。减轻体质量和抬高床头可改善反流症状。PPIs是最有效的内科治疗手段。对于非糜烂性反流病(NERD)患者,按需治疗较为适宜。有慢性咳嗽、喉炎和典型GERD症状的患者在排除非GERD病因后,应予PPI每天两次治疗。如有经验丰富的外科医师,GERD患者可行胃底折叠术。除临床试验外,GERD不应采用内镜治疗。结论:新的诊断方法和内镜治疗的作用有待进一步研究阐明。亚洲GERD诊断策略的制定须考虑到并存的胃癌和消化性溃疡。PPIs仍为治疗的基石。

关键词：共识糜烂性食管炎非糜烂性反流病

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