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Design Optimization and Operating Performance of S-CO_(2) Brayton Cycle under Fluctuating Ambient Temperature and Diverse Power Demand Scenarios

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 190-206页

作者： YANG Jingze YANG Zhen duan yuanyuan Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of MOE Beijing Key Laboratory for CO_(2) Utilization and Reduction TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The supercritical CO_(2)(S-CO_(2)) Brayton cycle is expected to replace steam cycle in the application of solar power tower system due to the attractive potential to improve efficiency and reduce *** the concentrated solar power plant with thermal energy storage is usually located in drought area and used to provide a dispatchable power output,the S-CO_(2) Brayton cycle has to operate under fluctuating ambient temperature and diverse power demand *** addition,the cycle design condition will directly affect the off-design *** this work,the combined effects of design condition,and distributions of ambient temperature and power demand on the cycle operating performance are analyzed,and the off-design performance maps are proposed for the first time.A cycle design method with feedback mechanism of operating performance under varied ambient temperature and power demand is introduced *** show that the low design value of compressor inlet temperature is not conductive to efficient operation under low loads and sufficient output under high ambient *** average yearly efficiency is most affected by the average power demand,while the load cover factor is significantly influenced by the average ambient *** multi-objective optimization,the optimal solution of designed compressor inlet temperature is close to the minimum value of35℃ in Delingha with low ambient temperature,while reaches 44.15℃ in Daggett under the scenario of high ambient temperature,low average power demand,long duration and large value of peak load during the peak temperature *** the cycle designed with compressor inlet temperature of 35℃ instead of 44.15℃ in Daggett under light industry power demand,the reduction of load cover factor will reach 0.027,but the average yearly efficiency can barely be improved.

关键词： supercritical CO_(2)Brayton cycle ambient temperature fluctuating power demand scenarios design optimization off-design performance

Coupled conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations and their application to ENSO ensemble forecasts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 826-842页

作者： Wansuo duan Lei hu Rong FENG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Limitations are existed in current ensemble forecasting initial perturbation methods for describing the interactions among various spheres of the Earth system. In this study, a new method is proposed, namely, the coupled conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(C-CNOP) method, which incorporates multisphere interactions much appropriately. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is a typical ocean-atmosphere “coupling”(or “interaction”) phenomenon. The C-CNOP method is applied to ensemble forecasting of ENSO. It is demonstrated that the C-CNOP method can generate coupled initial perturbations(CPs) that appropriately consider initial ocean-atmosphere coupling uncertainty for ENSO ensemble forecasts. Results reveal that the CPs effectively improve the ability of ENSO ensemble-mean forecasts in both temporal variability of Nio3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) and spatial variability of ENSO mature-phase SSTAs. Notably, despite the weakest ocean-atmosphere coupling strength in the tropical Pacific occurring during the boreal spring and summer, CPs still capture the uncertainties of this weak coupling when ENSO predictions are initialized at these seasons. This performance of CPs significantly suppresses the rapid increase of ENSO prediction errors due to the high ocean-atmosphere coupling instability during these seasons, and thus effectively extends the lead time of skillful ENSO forecasting. Hence, the C-CNOP method is a suitable initial perturbation approach for ENSO ensemble forecast that can describe initial ocean-atmosphere coupling uncertainty. It is expected that the CCNOP method plays a significant role in predictions of other high-impact climate phenomena, and even future Earth system predictions.

关键词： Ensemble forecast Multisphere interaction Initial perturbations ENSO

Immunostimulatory gene therapy combined with checkpoint blockade reshapes tumor microenvironment and enhances ovarian cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 854-868页

作者： Yunzhu Lin Xiang Wang Shi He Zhongxin duan Yunchu Zhang Xiaodong Sun Yuzhu hu yuanyuan Zhang Zhiyong Qian Xiang Gao Zhirong Zhang Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems Ministry of EducationWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Pharmacy Evidence-based Pharmacy CenterWest China Second University HospitalKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and ChildrenSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041China Department of Radiation Oncology State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041China West China School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic Medicine Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Immune evasion has made ovarian cancer notorious for its refractory features, making the development of immunotherapy highly appealing to ovarian cancer treatment. The immune-stimulating cytokine IL-12 exhibits excellent antitumor activities. However, IL-12 can induce IFN-γ release and subsequently upregulate PDL-1 expression on tumor cells. Therefore, the tumor-targeting folate-modified delivery system F-DPC is constructed for concurrent delivery of IL-12 encoding gene and small molecular PDL-1 inhibitor(i PDL-1) to reduce immune escape and boost anti-tumor immunity. The physicochemical characteristics, gene transfection efficiency of the F-DPC nanoparticles in ovarian cancer cells are analyzed. The immune-modulation effects of combination therapy on different immune cells are also studied. Results show that compared with non-folate-modified vector, folate-modified F-DPC can improve the targeting of ovarian cancer and enhance the transfection efficiency of p IL-12. The underlying anti-tumor mechanisms include the regulation of T cells proliferation and activation, NK activation,macrophage polarization and DC maturation. The F-DPC/p IL-12/i PDL-1 complexes have shown outstanding antitumor effects and low toxicity in peritoneal model of ovarian cancer in mice. Taken together, our work provides new insights into ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Novel F-DPC/p IL-12/i PDL-1 complexes are revealed to exert prominent anti-tumor effect by modulating tumor immune microenvironment and preventing immune escape and might be a promising treatment option for ovarian cancer treatment.

关键词： IL-12encodinggene Checkpointblocker Nanoparticles Targeted delivery Tumormicroenvironment Immune escape Ovarian cancer Immunotherapy

Improving the high cycle fatigue property of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy by optimizing the surface integrity through electric pulse combined with ultrasonic surface rolling process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 103-121页

作者： Pengfei Sun Shengguan Qu Chenfeng duan Xiongfeng hu Xiaoqiang Li National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

To improve the surface integrity and high cycle fatigue property of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy,the electric pulse has been introduced into the ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP),which is called electric pulse-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process(EUSRP).With the help of“electroplasticity”of the electric pulse,the thickness of the surface gradient deformation layer was about three times of the USRP specimens by adjusting the pulse current ***,the surface hardness decreases due to the continuous effect of the pulse current and the“skin effect”during *** is worth noting that the higher the applied pulse current,the more severe the *** paradox causes the fatigue performance of EUSRP specimens lower than that of USRP *** break this paradox,the EUSRP treatment is followed by a USRP *** EUSRP-2(with a pulse current of 200 A)+USRP specimens exhibit excellent surface hardness,a gradient deformation layer thickness of about 400μm,low surface roughness and high compressive residual compressive ***,the hardening mechanisms of the different surface strengthening specimens have been quantitatively analyzed in combination with microstructure *** fatigue life of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy can be improved by about 25 times at 780 MPa using the EUSRP-2+USRP treatment,the main reason for the highest fatigue life is the deepest surface gradient layer and the deepest crack initiation *** fatigue limit of the EUSRP-2+USRP specimens is not the highest because too much surface hardening causes compressive residual stress relaxation during cycling and the beneficial effect of compressive residual stress is eliminated.

关键词： Ti6Al4V ELI alloy Combined surface treatment Transmission electron microscopy Residual stress Fatigue performance

Reply to Comment on“Chemical vapor deposition synthesis and Raman scattering investigation of quasi-one-dimensional ZrS_(3) nanoflakes”

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8649-8650页

作者： Yang Chen yuanyuan Jin Junqiang Yang Yizhang Ren Zhuojun duan Xiao Liu Jian Sun Song Liu Xukun Zhu Xidong duan Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine(ICBN) College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials and State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

1 Introduction Thanks very much for *** taking time to comment on our recent paper regarding“Chemical vapor deposition synthesis and Raman scattering investigation of quasi-one-dimensional ZrS_(3) nanoflakes”.We summarize the suggestions of *** as made in the comment[1].First,*** suggested that there are just three peaks of two S 2p doublets in Fig.2(b)in the original paper[1],which is inconsistent to the four peaks of previous reports[2-4].Second,*** mentioned that the ratio of two S 2p doublets is helpful to identify the sulfur vacancies,which have a great impact on the n-type semiconducting nature of ZrS_(3).Third,*** mentioned that Zr 3d peak appearing at 184.7 eV is wider than previous reports[2,4],which may be accounted by the appearance of ZrS_(2)O,and Zr remains in the tetravalent state.

关键词： state. synthesis quasi

Transient flameout process of boron-magnesium agglomerates during combustion in oxygen-rich atmospheres

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 290-301页

作者： Lian duan Zhixun Xia Yunchao Feng Binbin Chen Likun Ma Jianxin hu College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

In this study,boron–magnesium agglomerates with varying mass ratios were prepared by drying a micron-sized boron–magnesium mixed suspension,and the combustion process of these agglomerates under different oxygen-rich concentrations were investigated using a laser ignition *** test results showed that when the mass fraction of magnesium powder in boron-magnesium agglomerates exceeded a certain threshold(between 2%and 5%),flame extinction and reignition occurred after a significant reduction in the agglomerate volume during *** process is referred to as the transient flameout process,which is affected by the magnesium content of the agglomerate and the oxygen concentration in the ambient *** increase in the magnesium content or oxygen concentration makes this phenomenon more *** weakening of the flame intensity,a dark film gradually covered the particle surfaces.X-ray diffraction and elemental analyses of the cross-section and outer surface of the condensed combustion product suggested that the dark film is primarily composed of Mg-B-O ternary *** film prevents direct contact between boron and oxygen,thereby inhibiting surface and gas-phase reactions and leading to the occurrence of the transient flameout phenomenon.

关键词： Agglomerated particle Boron–magnesium fuel Boron combustion Transient flameout process Solid fuel ramjet

Reinforced SnO_(2) tensile-strength and“buffer-spring”interfaces for efficient inorganic perovskite solar cells

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Carbon Energy 2024年第6期6卷 282-291页

作者： yuanyuan Zhao Lei Gao Qiurui Wang Qiang Zhang Xiya Yang Jingwei Zhu Hao huang Jialong duan Qunwei Tang College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina Institute of New Energy Technology College of Information Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials School of ResourcesEnvironment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanningChina Institute of Carbon Neutrality College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina

Suppressing nonradiative recombination and releasing residual strain areprerequisites to improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,long-chain polyacrylic acid(PAA)is used to reinforce SnO_(2)film and passivate SnO_(2)defects,forming a structure similar to“reinforcedconcrete”with high tensile strength and fewer ***,PAA is also introduced to the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a“buffer spring”torelease residual strain,which also acts as a“dual-side passivation interlayer”to passivate the oxygen vacancies of SnO_(2)and Pb dangling bonds in *** a result,the best inorganic CsPbBr_(3)PSC achieves a championpower conversion efficiency of 10.83%with an ultrahigh open-circuit voltageof 1.674 *** unencapsulated PSC shows excellent stability under 80%relative humidity and 80℃over 120 days.

关键词： charge recombination defect passivation inorganic perovskite solar cells interfacial modification strain relaxation

Hybrid response surface method for system reliability analysis of pilereinforced slopes

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3395-3406页

作者： Xiangrui duan Jie Zhang Leilei Liu Jinzheng hu Yadong Xue Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education and Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of EducationSchool of Geosciences and Info-PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha410083China

To consider the complex soil-structure interaction in a pile-slope system,it is necessary to analyze the performance of pile-slope systems based on a three-dimensional(3D)numerical *** analysis of a pile-slope system based on 3D numerical modeling is very challenging because it is computationally expensive and the performance function of the pile failure mode is only defined in the safe domain of soil *** this paper,an efficient hybrid response surface method is suggested to study the system reliability of pile-reinforced slopes,where the support vector machine and the Kriging model are used to approximate performance functions of soil failure and pile failure,*** versatility of the suggested method is illustrated in detail with an *** the example examined in this paper,it is found that the pile failure can significantly contribute to system failure,and the reinforcement ratio can effectively reduce the probability of pile *** exists a critical reinforcement ratio beyond which the system failure probability is not sensitive to the reinforcement *** pile spacing affects both the probabilities of soil failure and pile failure of the pile-reinforced *** exists an optimal location and an optimal length for the stabilizing piles.

关键词： Slope Piles System reliability Support vector machine Ordinary kriging

Joint observations of the large-scale ULF wave activity from space to ground associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2215-2229页

作者： SUN XiaoYing hu YunPeng ZHIMA Zeren duan SuPing LV FangXian SHEN Xuhui National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100085China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study reports the rare ultralow-frequency(ULF) wave activity associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement that was successively observed by the GOES-17(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) in the magnetosphere, the CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) in the ionosphere, and the THEMIS ground-based observatories(GBO) GAKO and EAGL in the Earth's polar region during the main phase of an intense storm on 4 November 2021. Along with the enhanced-pressure solar wind moving tailward, the geomagnetic field structure experienced a large-scale change. From dawn/dusk sides to midnight, the GAKO, EAGL, and GOES-17 sequentially observed the ULF waves in a frequency range of0.04–0.36 Hz at L shells of ~5.07, 6.29, and 5.67, respectively. CSES also observed the ULF wave event with the same frequency ranges at wide L-shells of 2.52–6.22 in the nightside ionosphere. The analysis results show that the ULF waves at ionospheric altitude were mixed toroidal-poloidal mode waves. Comparing the ULF waves observed in different regions, we infer that the nightside ULF waves were directly or indirectly excited by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase: in the area of L-shells~2.52–6.29, the magnetic field line resonances(FLRs) driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase is an essential excitation source;on the other hand, around L~3.29, the ULF waves can also be excited by the outward expansion of the plasmapause owing to the decrease of the magnetospheric convection, and in the region of L-shells ~5.19–6.29, the ULF waves are also likely excited by the ion cyclotron instabilities driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase.

关键词： ultralow-frequency(ULF)wave solar wind dynamic pressure(P_(sw)) magnetic field line resonance(FLR) ion cyclotron instability