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Neuromuscular,biomechanical,and energetic adjustments following repeated bouts of downhill running

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 319-329页

作者： Arash Khassetarash Gianluca Vernillo Renata L.Krüger w.Brent edwards Guillaume Y.Millet Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of MilanMilan 20133Italy Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology UJM-Saint-EtienneUniversitéde LyonSaint-Etienne 42023France Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) Paris 75231France

Purpose This study used downhill running as a model to investigate the repeated bout effect(RBE)on neuromuscular performance,running biomechanics,and metabolic cost of *** Ten healthy recreational male runners performed two 30-min bouts of downhill running(dr1 and dr2)at a-20%slope and 2.8 m/s 3 weeks *** fatigue,level running biomechanics during slow and fast running,and running economy parameters were recorded immediately before and after the downhill bouts,and at 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,and 168 h thereafter(i.e.,follow-up days).Results An RBE was confirmed by attenuated muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase rise after dr2 compared to *** RBE was also observed in maximum voluntary contraction(MVC)force loss and voluntary activation where dr2 resulted in attenuated MVC force loss and voluntary activation immediately after the run and during follow-up *** downhill running protocol significantly influenced level running biomechanics;an RBE was observed in which center of mass excursion and,therefore,lower-extremity compliance were greater during follow-up days after dr1 compared to *** observed changes in level running biomechanics did not influence the energy cost of *** This study demonstrated evidence of adaptation in neural drive as well as biomechanical changes with the RBE after *** higher neural drive resulted in attenuated MVC force loss after the second *** can be concluded that the RBE after downhill running manifests as changes to global and central fatigue parameters and running biomechanics without substantially altering the energy cost of running.

关键词： Cost of running Eccentric exercise Fatigue Muscle damage

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松弛肽可能是糖尿病性胚胎病变一个病原学因子

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国外医学（内分泌学分册） 1989年第3期9卷 131-133页

作者： edwards JRG Newell dr 徐隆绍

本文简介松弛肽(relaxin)的性质、生成、调控及其生理意义。

关键词：松驰肽糖尿病畸胎病理

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阴道-肛周与阴道-直肠培养物鉴定B族链球菌的比较

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 47-48页

作者： Jamie w.E. edwards R.K. Duff P. 王远菊 dr.University of Florida Department of Obstetrics Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Gainesville FL 32610 United States

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether the rates of recovery of group B streptococci from combined vaginal and perianal cultures and combined vaginal and rectal cultures are equivalent. METHODS: we performed a prospective cohort study of vaginal-perianal versus vaginal-rectal culture for group B streptococci. Two hundred pregnant women in the third trimester were enrolled. Three specimens were collected from each patient in the following order: lower third of the vagina, perianal skin, and rectum. Each specimen was cultured serially in selective broth media, then on sheep’s blood agar. Suspicious colonies were confirmed by latex agglutination. Culture positivity rates from the combined sites of vagina and perianal skin were compared with vagina and rectum. Laboratory personnel were blinded to the collection site of each individual swab. RESULTS: Of the 200 subjects, 71 (36%) had a positive culture from at least 1 site. Vaginal culture was positive in 55 patients (28%), compared with 48 patients (24%) with positive perianal cultures and 50 patients (25%) with positive rectal cultures. Results of combined vaginal and perianal cultures were positive in 68 patients (34%); results of combined vaginal and rectal cultures were positive in 67 patients (34%) (P =1.0). CONCLUSION: The group B streptococci detection rate from vaginal-perianal specimens is not significantly different from the detection rate from vaginal-rectal specimens. Therefore, pregnant women do not need to be subjected to the discomfort of collection of a rectal specimen.

关键词：肛周 B族链球菌肉汤培养基标本培养培养阳性率培养物血琼脂份样妊娠晚期前瞻性队列研究

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盆腔脏器下降以及盆底功能紊乱症状

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 3-4页

作者： Ghetti C. Gregory w.T. edwards S.R. 朱国栋 Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR United States Dr.

Objective: This study evaluates the relationship between symptoms of pelvic floor disorders, and measurement of pelvic organ prolapse. Study design: This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed prolapse in 905 women in an academic urogynecologic practice using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification exam. Symptoms were assessed with a Likert symptom questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Relationships between symptoms and prolapse were analyzed using Spearman’ s correlation. Results: Symptoms of “ bulging” correlated moderately to the greatest extent of prolapse (r = 0.4, P when the leading edge descends from -3 and 0. Between ? 1 and ? 5, 90% of women report bother. Symptoms typically attributed to anterior or posterior wall prolapse did not correlate with descent of the respective compartment. Conclusion: “ Bulging” is the principle symptom that correlates with prolapse severity. we found no discrete anatomic position that discriminates between prolapse as a disease state and normal anatomic variation.

关键词：盆底功能盆腔脏器泌尿生殖系统妇产科学垂前横断面研究应激量表定量试验正常解剖研究设计

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在呼吸系统疾病的患儿中诊治点对快速流行性感冒检测的准确度及其影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 17-18页

作者： Poehling K.A. edwards K. 陈莉萍 Division of General Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical CenterAA-0214 Medical Center NorthNashvilleTN 37232-2504United States Dr.

Objective:To determine whether a point-of-care rapid influenza test impacts the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of children with acute respiratory illnesses. Design:Randomized controlled trial. Setting:Pediatric emergency department and acute care clinic of a children’s hospital. Participants:Children aged younger than 5 years with fever or acute respiratory symptoms during 2 influenza seasons (2002 through 2004). Interventions:Surveillance days were randomized to performance or no performance of a point-of-care rapid influenza test. All children had a nasal and throat swab obtained for laboratory tests. The rapid testgroup had another nasal swab obtained for the QuickVue Influenza Test(Quidel Corp,San Diego,Calif),which was performed by nurses; results were shared immediately with treating *** Outcome Measures:Rapid test results were compared with results of the viral culture or 2 polymerase chain reaction assays for influenza. Diagnostic test ordering and antibiotic prescribing were compared for the groups. Results:Of 468 enrolled children,306 were from the emergency department and 162 from the clinic. Overall,88 children(19%) had influenza infection. Of 205 children in the rapid test group,51 (25%) had influenza infection. The rapid influenza test was 82%sensitive and 99%specific. In the emergency department,fewer children in the rapid test group had diagnostic tests ordered than in the no rapid test group(39%vs 51%,P=0.03). There was no difference in test ordering in the clinic or in antibiotic prescribing in either *** use of antivirals was low. Conclusions:Point-of-care rapid influenza tests were sensitive and specific and were associated with less diagnostic testing in the emergency department.

关键词：呼吸系统疾病鼻咽拭子呼吸系统症状随机对照试验急诊科急性呼吸道疾病诊断评估抗生素处方快

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步入高清电视时代

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商业周刊（中文版） 2005年第12期 74-74,76页

作者：克利夫·爱德华兹（Clitf edwards）马忠元（译者）

有一些电视画面是你永远无法忘记的，如J．R．枪击案、挑战者号航天飞机爆炸。最近播出的一个令我印象尤为深刻的高清晰度电视（highdefinition TV，即HDTV）画面是：西北大学与当时战无不胜的威斯康星大学之间的一场足球大战，我是10月... 详细信息

有一些电视画面是你永远无法忘记的，如J．R．枪击案、挑战者号航天飞机爆炸。最近播出的一个令我印象尤为深刻的高清晰度电视（highdefinition TV，即HDTV）画面是：西北大学与当时战无不胜的威斯康星大学之间的一场足球大战，我是10月8日在ESPN的高清晰频道上观看的这场比赛。在LG公司售价5000美元的50PY2dr电视机前，我目睹了自己的母校以51比48的比分战胜对手，赢得了胜利。从Badgers队前锋经历最后一分钟的失误后脸上表现出的忧虑到wildcats队球迷随着时间流逝而表现出的洋洋得意之情，所有细节尽收眼底。

关键词：高清电视高清晰度电视威斯康星大学电视画面飞机爆炸西北大学 ESPN LG公司枪击案挑战者

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多发性硬化症患者EB病毒核抗原-1特异性T细胞的高频率和广泛特异性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第11期 12-13页

作者： Lünemann J.D edwards N Muraro P.A 高中宝 National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Cellular Immunology Section 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 United States

Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate that patients with multiple sclerosis are almost universally infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and that the risk of developing the disease increases with the level of EBV-specific antibody titers. The EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) maintains the viral episome in replicating infected human B cells, and EBNA1-specific CD4+T cells have been identified as a crucial part of the EBV-specific immune control in healthy individuals. we studied 20 untreated EBV seropositive patients with multiple sclerosis and 20 healthy EBV carriers matched demographically and for the expression of multiple sclerosis-associated HLA-dr alleles for their immunological control of EBV latency at the level of EBNA1-specific T cells. Using 51 overlapping peptides covering the C-terminal of EBNA1 domain of EBNA1 (amino acids 400-641), peptide-specific CD4+memory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis were found to be strikingly elevated in frequency, showed increased proliferative capacity and an enhanced interferon-γproduction. In contrast to EBNA1, T-cell responses to three other latent and three other lytic immunodominant EBV antigens and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) epitopes did not differ between patients and controls, indicating a distinct role for EBNA1-specific T-cell responses in multiple sclerosis. CD4+T cells from healthy virus carriers preferentially recognized multiple epitopes within the centre part of the C-terminal, whereas the stimulatory epitopes in multiple sclerosis patients covered the entire sequence of this domain of EBNA1. Quantification of EBV viral loads in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed higher levels of EBV copy numbers in some patients with multiple sclerosis, although the overall difference in viral loads was not statistically significant compared with healthy virus carriers. we suggest that the accumulation of highly antigen-sensitive EBNA1-s

关键词：多发性硬化症 EB 特异性核抗原患者细胞

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院外心脏停搏复苏时自动胸部按压装置的使用

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 3-4页

作者： Hock Ong M.E. Ornato J.P. edwards D.P. 任付先 Department of Emergency Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center 1250 E Marshall St Richmond VA 23298-0401 United States Dr.

Context: Only 1%to 8%of adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive to hospital discharge. Objective: To compare resuscitation outcomes before and after an urban emergency medical services(EMS) system switched from manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) to load-distributing band(LDB) CPR. Design, Setting, and Patients: A phased, observational cohort evaluation with intention-to-treat analysis of 783 adults with out-of-hospital, nontraumatic cardiac arrest. A total of 499 patients were included in the manual CPR phase(January 1, 2001, to March 31, 2003) and 284 patients in the LDB-CPR phase(December 20, 2003, to March 31, 2005); of these patients, the LDB device was applied in 210 patients. Intervention: Urban EMS system change from manual CPR to LDB-CPR. Main Outcome Measures: Return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), with secondary outcome measures of survival to hospital admission and hospital discharge, and neurological outcome at discharge. Results:Patients in the manual CPR and LDB-CPR phases were comparable except for a faster response time interval(mean difference, 26 seconds) and more EMS-witnessed arrests(18.7%vs 12.6%) with LDB. Rates for ROSC and survival were increased with LDB-CPR compared with manual CPR(for ROSC, 34.5%; 95%confidence interval[CI], 29.2%-40.3%vs 20.2%; 95%CI, 16.9%-24.0%; adjusted odds ratio[OR], 1.94; 95%CI, 1.38-2.72; for survival to hospital admission, 20.9%; 95%CI, 16.6%-26.1%vs 11.1%; 95%CI, 8.6%-14.2%; adjusted OR, 1.88; 95%CI, 1.23-2.86; and for survival to hospital discharge, 9.7%; 95%CI, 6.7%-13.8%vs 2.9%; 95%CI, 1.7%-4.8%; adjusted OR, 2.27; 95%CI, 1.11-4.77). In secondary analysis of the 210 patients in whom the LDB device was applied, 38 patients(18.1%) survived to hospital admission(95%CI, 13.4%-23.9%) and 12 patients(5.7%) survived to hospital discharge(95%CI, 3.0%-9.3%). Among patients in the manual CPR and LDB-CPR groups who survived to hospital discharge, there was no significant difference between groups in C

关键词：胸部按压心脏停搏复苏效果心肺复苏急救服务城市医疗治疗人数动负荷自主循环脑功能

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宫颈黏液抗体滴度评估不能提高以宫颈长度为指标预测早产的价值

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 17-18页

作者： edwards R.K. Ferguson R.J. Shuster J.J. 朱国栋 Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville FL United States Dr

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if cervical fluid antibody concentrations can enhance the value of cervical length in predicting risk of preterm delivery. Study design: we obtained cervical fluid samples with preweighed cellulose wicks from a prospective cohort of women 23 to 32 weeks’ gestation with signs and symptoms of preterm labor and intact membranes. Total immunoglobulin A and G (IgA and IgG) concentrations were determined by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by Gram stain, and cervical length was measured with endovaginal ultrasound. Results: For subjects with term (n = 77) and preterm (n = 24) deliveries, median IgA and IgG concentrations were 736 vs 643 μ g/mL (P =. 33) and 1528 vs 1769 μ g/mL (P =. 85). For subjects with normal flora (n = 71), intermediate flora (n = 14), and bacterial vaginosis (n = 16), median IgA and IgG concentrations were 717, 624, and 774 μ g/mL (P =. 90) and 1383, 1553, and 2731 μ g/mL (P =. 02). In a forward stepwise logistic regression model, cervical length was the only factor associated with preterm delivery (P <. 001). Conclusion: Measuring the concentrations of IgA and IgG in cervical fluid does not enhance the value of cervical length in predicting risk of preterm delivery.

关键词：宫颈长度宫颈黏液指标预测抗体滴度早产孕妇阴道菌群细菌性阴道病革兰染色法足月产酶联免疫吸附法

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通过微观模拟对机械瓣膜与生物瓣膜主动脉瓣膜置换术后效果的比较研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 38-39页

作者： Puvimanasinghe J.P.A. Takkenberg J.J.M. edwards M.B. 张明娟 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Erasmus MC R otterdam Netherlands Dr.

Background: Mechanical valves and bioprostheses are widely used for aortic val ve replacement. Though previous randomised studies indicate that there is no imp ortant difference in outcome after implantation with either type of valve, knowl edge of outcomes after aortic valve replacement is incomplete. Objective: To pre dict age and sex specific outcomes of patients after aortic valve replacement wi th bileaflet mechanical valves and stented porcine bioprostheses, and to provide evidence based support for the choice of prosthesis. Methods: Meta analysis of published results of primary aortic valve replacement with bileaflet mechanical prostheses(nine reports, 4274 patients, and 25 726 patient years) and stented porcine bioprostheses (13 reports, 9007 patients, and 54 151 patient years) was used to estimate the annual risks of postoperative valve related events and th eir outcomes. These estimates were entered into a microsimulation model, which w as employed to calculate age and sex specific outcomes after aortic valve replac ement. Results: Life expectancy(LE) and event free life expectancy(EFLE) for a 65 year old man after implantation with a mechanical valve or a bioprosthesis we re 10.4 and 10.7 years and 7.7 and 8.4 years, respectively. The lifetime risk of at least one valve related event for a mechanical valve was 48%, and for a bio prosthesis, 44%. For LE and EFLE, the age crossover point between the two valve types was 59 and 60 years, respectively. Conclusions: Meta analysis based micr osimulation provides insight into the long term outcome after aortic valve repla cement and suggests that the currently recommended age threshold for implanting a bioprosthesis could be lowered further.

关键词：主动脉瓣膜机械瓣膜生物瓣膜微观模拟置换术双叶研究报告随机研究荟萃分析特异性

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