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Measurements of Laminar Burning Velocities of Alternative Fuels:Application in Transport and Aerospace

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第2期32卷 503-512页

作者： richter Sandra BRAUN-UNKHOFF Marina NAUMANN Clemens German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Combustion TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Kinetics and AnalyticsStuttgart 70569Germany

The laminar burning velocity belongs to the fundamental combustion properties of fuels being a measure for their heat release,flame length,as well as reactivity and combustion stability,and thus,may impact the design of burners and combustion ***,these experimental data are needed for the validation and optimization within the construction and development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction *** this study,an overview of the different applications of fuel characterization regarding the specific area of interest(road transport,aviation,and aerospace)will be *** on the application,effects of different molecular characteristics on the laminar burning velocity are evaluated:the presence of oxygen atoms and the grade of branching in a specific fuel molecule as well as the difference in the type of a chemical bond,here,single and double *** of alternative fuels being discussed in the present study are:(Ⅰ)oxymethylene ether(OMEn)in the field of road transport;(Ⅱ)a paraffinic Alcohol-to-Jet fuel as sustainable aviation fuel;and(Ⅲ)mixtures of ethane or ethene with nitrous oxide as green propellants for rocket propulsion applications.

关键词： laminar burning velocity alternative sustainable fuels road transport aviation fuels green propellants

Management of complicated gallstones in the elderly:comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment options

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第3期7卷 205-211,I0002页

作者： Yousef Nassar Seth richter Department of Medicine Albany Medical Center43 New Scotland AvenueAlbanyNY 12208USA Division of Gastroenterology Albany Medical Center43 New Scotland AvenueAlbanyNY 12208USA

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in clinical outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),ERCP followed by cholecystectomy(EC)and percutaneous aspiration(PA)in the elderly population with ***:We included a total of 43338 elderly patients aged 60 years or older and 45295 patients younger than 60 years for comparison in our *** were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(Healthcare Utilization Project)for years 2001–14 by identifying patients who were admitted for gallstone complications based on the ICD 9 diagnostic *** logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of in-hospital mortality and to detect statistical differences among the treatment groups,age groups and between male and female *** ordinary linear regression was used to compare the length of hospital stay and readmission frequency among the different age ***:The age of the patient affected mortality and the length of hospital stay after any type of procedure of gallstones *** a manner independent of the patient’s age,PA was associated with the highest risk of death and length of stay,while the EC was characterized by lowest mortality and ERCP by the shortest length of *** age of the patient nor the type of procedure affected the likelihood of *** odds of death and the probability of readmission were not affected by patient ***,in patients aged between 60 and 79 years,the female gender predicted a shorter duration of stay in the ***:A patient’s age negatively affects the treatment outcomes of cholelithiasis with associated *** EC procedure appears to be the method of choice for the management of complicated gallstones in patients of all ages.

关键词： Gallstone disease elderly cholecystectomy endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography percutaneous aspiration

Stories of Coping with Sickness:Illness Narratives in Early Medieval Chinese Anecdotal Literature

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第2期6卷 175-182页

作者： Antje richter Department of Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

As basic facts of life,illness and healing occur frequently and in a variety of patterns in Chinese non-medical literature,starting from the earliest sources inscribed on oracle bones and continuing throughout literary history up to the present *** article looks at illness narratives in early medieval anecdotal literature(3rd to 6th century CE)to understand how the experience of being sick or of attending to the sick was reflected in these socio-literary environments and what rhetorical and ideological roles these narratives played in their larger narrative *** focusing on the experiences of the sick and those around them,this article aims at“Honoring the Stories of Illness,”in Rita Charon’s words,that are hiding in plain sight in much of Chinese non-medical literature.

关键词： Anecdotes Early medieval China Illness narratives

Impact of alpha-synuclein pathology on adult neurogenesis: evidence for multilayered mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1491-1492页

作者： Jana Bonsberger Franziska richter Milos Stanojlovic Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmacyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineHannoverGermany

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting 8–10 million people ***,PD is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease and it is predicted that the number of patients will double in the next thirty ***,PD is characterized by the presence of protein aggregations called Lewy bodies(LB)and by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.

关键词： degeneration pathology Impact

Modification Management for Construction Processes

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 185-191页

作者： Wolfgang Huhnt Sven richter Felix Enge Institute of Civil Engineering Berlin Institute of Technology

This paper presents an approach to handle different types of subsequent modifications in construction processes. It is focused on a formalized approach with the objective that effects of subsequent modifications are detected automatically. The approach presented in this paper makes use of an existing modeling technique specifically focused on construction processes. The modeling techniques result in a process description where all technological interdependencies between construction activities are considered and where consistency between the sequence of activities and the history of components is guaran-teed. This modeling technique is expanded by an existing concept for handling versions and dependencies between objects. The integration of these different concepts makes it possible to track effects of relevant types of subsequent modifications in construction processes on a formalized basis. Effects of subsequent modifications are detected by algorithms, different versions can be compared by algorithms and different versions are stored so that subsequent modifications are documented. The innovation of the approach presented is the completeness. Effects of different relevant types of subsequent modifications in construction processes are tracked on a formalized basis.

关键词： construction processes process modeling subsequent modifications

Contribution of Fluid Dynamics to Woodwind Instruments Investigations of Timbre and Pitch of Bassoon Bocals

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第3期14卷 264-266页

作者： Roger GRUNDMANN Johannes BAUMGART Andreas richter Hans KRüGER Technische Universitt dresden Institute for Aerospace Engineering D-01062 Dresden Germany ProfessorTechnische Universitt Dresden Institute for Aerospace Engineering D-01062 Dresden GermanyTechnische Universitt Dresden Institute for Aerospace Engineering D-01062 Dresden GermanyTechnische Universit?t Dresden Institute for Aerospace Engineering D-01062 Dresden Germany

The discussed topic of isolating certain parameters which describe the timbre in connection with bocals of bassoons is of major interest for manufacturers and artist likewise since a reduction in the overall shear stress of these kinds of technical diffusors is very helpful but not sufficient. The timbre seen from the side of the musician has to be the same. Up to now two criteria have been isolated which have a deep influence on the easier blowing of the bassoon and on the comparable timbre due to geometrical reasons. If the geometrical outer contour is designed carefully, it is possible to modify the shape and preserve the timbre.

关键词： musical instrument bocal bassoon timbre principal component analysis

Strategic mining options optimization:Open pit mining, underground mining or both

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第6期26卷 1065-1071页

作者： Ben-Awuah Eugene richter Otto Elkington Tarrant Pourrahimian Yashar Bharti School of Engineering Laurentian University Mining Department Snowden Mining Industry Consultants School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering University of Alberta

Near-surface deposits that extend to considerable depths are often amenable to both open pit mining and/or underground mining. This paper investigates the strategy of mining options for an orebody using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) optimization framework. The MILP formulation maximizes the Net Present Value(NPV) of the reserve when extracted with(i) open pit mining,(ii) underground mining, and(iii) concurrent open pit and underground mining. Comparatively, implementing open pit mining generates a higher NPV than underground mining. However considering the investment required for these mining options, underground mining generates a better return on investment than open pit mining. Also, in the concurrent open pit and underground mining scenario, the optimizer prefers extracting blocks using open pit mining. Although the underground mine could access ore sooner, the mining cost differential for open pit mining is more than compensated for by the discounting benefits associated with earlier underground mining.

关键词： Mining options optimization Open pitUnderground Concurrent Open stope Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)

‘Jelly to Joule’:Direct laser writing of sustainable jellyfish-based ‘graphenic silicon’ anodes for environmentally remediating high-performance lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 553-565,I0012页

作者： Gil Daffan Adam Cohen Yuval Sharaby Roman Nudelman Shachar richter Fernando Patolsky Department of Materials Science and Engineering the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel school of Chemistry Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel

The ramifications of global climate change and resource scarcities have made it imperative to re-examine the definition of sustainable energy-storage *** is crucial to recognize that not all renewable resources are inherently sustainable,and their full impact on the environment must be *** the proliferation of invasive jellyfish species wreaking havoc on marine ecosystems and economies worldwide,utilizing overabundant jellyfish as a carbon source presents an opportunity to create energy-storage systems that are both financially beneficial and environmentally ***,a comprehensive approach to sustainability also requires eco-friendly solutions throughout the entire lifecycle,from material sourcing to battery production,without compromising highperformance ***,most electrode syntheses for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) employed are energy-intensive,multiple-steps,complex,and *** response,this work pioneers the straightforward use of low-energy laser irradiation of a jellyfish biomass/silicon nanoparticle blend to encapsulate the silicon nanoparticles in-situ within the as-forming conductive carbonized matrix,creating sustainable and additive-free composite *** self-standing anode is directly synthesized under ambient conditions and requires no ***,a laser-synthesized conductive threedimensional porous carbon/silicon composite anode from raw jellyfish biomass for LIBs is presented,displaying outstanding cyclic stability(>1000 cycles),excellent capacity retention(>50% retention after1000 cycles),exceptional coulombic efficiency(>99%),superb reversible gravimetric capacity(>2000 mAh/g),and high rate performance capability(>1.6 A/g),paving a new path to future sustainable energy production.

关键词： Laser Silicon Carbon Jellyfish Sustainable Lithium Biomass

Influence of Fabric Parameters on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms in Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第6期24卷 953-959页

作者： B.Wielage D.richter H.Mucha Th.Lampke Chemnitz University of Technology Institute of Composite Materials and Surface TechnologyD-09107 ChemnitzGermany

The effects of fibre/matrix bonding, fabric density, fibre volume fraction and bundle size on microstructure, mechanical properties and failure mechanisms in carbon fibre reinforced composites （plastic and carbon matrix） have been investigated. The microstructure of unloaded and cracked samples was studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, respectively whereas the mechanical behaviour was examined by 3- point bending experiments. Exclusively one type of experimental resole type phenolic resin was applied. A strong fibre/matrix bonding, which is needed for high strength of carbon fibre reinforced plastic （CFRP） materials leads to severe composite damages during the pyrolysis resulting in low strength, brittle failure and a very low utilisation of the fibres strain to failure in C/C composites. Inherent fabric parameters such as an increasing fabric density or bundle size or a reduced fibre volume fraction introduce inhomogenities to the CFRP＇s microstructure. Results are lower strength and stiffness whereas the strain to failure increases or remains unchanged. Toughness is almost not affected. In C/C composites inhomogenities due to a reduced bundle size reduce strain to failure, strength, stiffness and toughness. Vice versa a declining fibre volume fraction leads to exactly the opposite behaviour. Increasing the fabric density （weight per unit area） causes similar effects as in CFRPs.

关键词： CFRPs C/C Fibre/matrix bonding Fabric density Fibre volume fraction Roving size Microstructure Failure behaviour