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Future impacts of climate change on forest fire danger in northeastern China

Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 437-446页

作者： TIAN Xiao-rui SHU Li-fu ZHAO Feng-jun WANG Ming-yu douglas J. McRae State Forestry Administration＇s Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protec- tion Research Institute of Forest ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091. Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service 1219 Queen St. E.Sault Ste. Marie Ontario P6A 2E5.

Climate warming has a rapid and far-reaching impact on forest fire management in the boreal forests of China. Regional climate model outputs and the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index （FWI） Sys- tem were used to analyze changes to fire danger and the fire season for future periods under IPCC Special Report on emission Scenarios （SReS） A2 and B2, and the data will guide future fire management planning. We used regional climate in China （1961 1990） as our validation data, and the period （1991–2100） was modeled under SReS A2 and B2 through the weather simulated by the regional climate model system （PReCIS）. Meteorological data and fire danger were interpolated to 1 km 2 by using ANUSPLIN software. The average FWI value for future spring fire sea- sons under Scenarios A2 and B2 shows an increase over most of the region. Compared with the baseline, FWI averages of spring fire season will increase by 0.40, 0.26 and 1.32 under Scenario A2, and increase by 0.60, 1.54 and 2.56 under Scenario B2 in 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, respectively. FWI averages of autumn fire season also show an increase over most of the region. FWI values increase more for Scenario B2 than for Scenario A2 in the same periods, particularly during the 2050s and 2080s. Average future FWI values will increase under both scenarios for autumn fire season. The potential burned areas are expected to increase by 10% and 18% in spring for 2080s under Scenario A2 and B2, respectively. Fire season will be prolonged by 21 and 26 days under ScenariosA2 and B2 in 2080s respectively.

关键词： climate change fire season forest fire danger northeastern China

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Interaction of the Bioherbicide <i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i>with Technical-Grade Glyphosate on Glyphosate-Susceptible and -Resistant Palmer Amaranth

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第11期9卷 2306-2319页

作者： Robert e. Hoagland C. douglas Boyette Robin H. Jordan Kenneth C. Stetina Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA Biological Control of Pests Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA

Previously we found that a strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) exhibited bioherbicidal activity against several important weeds, and that some commercial formulations of glyphosate applied with MV resulted in synergistic interactions that improved weed control efficacy. We also found that MV had bioherbicidal activity against glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. We have also reported that some commercial formulations are inhibitory to MV. Our objectives were to test the effect of unformulated glyphosate (high purity, technical-grade glyphosate) alone and in combination with MV for bioherbicidal activity on glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes under greenhouse conditions and to examine technical-grade glyphosate on the growth of this bioherbicide. High purity glyphosate (without adjuvants/surfactants) was not toxic to MV growth and sporulation at concentrations up to 2.0 mM when grown on agar supplemented with the herbicide. Both biotypes were injured by MV and MV plus glyphosate treatments as early as 19 h after application (3 h after a dew period of 16 h). These injury effects increased and were more evident through the 6-day time course, when after 120 h the MV plus glyphosate treatment had killed all glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant plants. The interaction of glyphosate plus MV was synergistic toward the control of Palmer amaranth. Data strongly suggest that the active ingredient is responsible for the synergy previously found when this bioherbicide was combined with some commercial formulations of glyphosate. Results demonstrated that MV can control both glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible Palmer amaranth seedlings and act synergistically with high-purity glyphosate to provide improved weed control.

关键词： Amaranthus palmeri Biocontrol Agent Bioherbicide Biological Weed Control Glyphosate-Resistance Myrothecium verrucaria Palmer Amaranth Pigweed

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Interaction of Glufosinate and <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i>on Ammonia Levels and Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Hemp Sesbania

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第11期9卷 2320-2337页

The use of microbes and microbial products as bioherbicides has been studied for several decades, and combinations of bioherbicides and herbicides have been examined to discover possible synergistic interactions to improve weed control efficacy. Bioassays were conducted to assess possible interactions of the herbicide glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid] and Colletotrichum truncatum (CT), a fungal bioherbicide to control hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata)]. Glufosinate acts as a glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor that causes elevated ammonia levels, but the mode of action of CT is unknown. GS has also been implicated in plant defense in certain plant-pathogen interactions. The effects of spray applications of glufosinate (1.0 mM) orbioherbicide (8.0 × 104 conidia ml-1), applied alone or in combination were monitored (88 h time-course) on seedling growth, GS activity and ammonia levels in hypocotyl tissues under controlled environmental conditions. Growth (elongation and fresh weight) and extractable GS activity were inhibited in tissues by glufosinate and glufosinate plus CT treatments as early as 16 h, but CT treatment did not cause substantial growth reduction or GS inhibition until after ~40 h. Generally, ammonia levels in hemp sesbania tissues under these various treatments were inversely correlated with GS activity. Localization of hemp sesbania GS activity on electrophoretic gels indicated a lack of activity after 30 h in glufosinate and glufosinate plus CT-treated tissue. Untreated control tissues contained much lower ammonia levels at 24, 64, and 88 h after treatment than treatments with CT, glufosinate or their combination. CT alone caused elevated ammonia levels only after 64 - 88 h. Glufosinate incorporated in agar at 0.25 mM to 2.0 mM, caused a 10% - 45% reduction of CT colony radial growth, compared to fungal growth on agar without glufosinate, and the herbicide also inhibited sporulation of CT. Although no synergistic interac

关键词： Bioherbicide Hemp Sesbania Glutamine Synthetase Ammonia Glufosinate Colletotrichum truncatum

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High levels of psychosocial distress among Australian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross- sectional survey

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General Psychiatry 2021年第5期34卷 31-41,I0006-I0025页

作者： Natasha Smallwood Leila Karimi Marie Bismark Mark Putland douglas Johnson Shyamali Chandrika Dharmage elizabeth Barson Nicola Atkin Claire Long Irene Ng Anne Holland Jane e Munro Irani Thevarajan Cara Moore Anthony McGillion Debra Sandford Karen Willis Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred HospitalPrahranVictoriaAustralia Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolAlfred HospitalMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Medicine and Healthcare Management Caucasus UniversityTbilisiGeorgia Department of Psychiatry The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Public Health Law Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of emergency Services The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Critical Care Faculty of MedicineDentistry and Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Departments of General Medicine and Infectious Diseases The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Allergy and Lung Health Unit School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Allied Health The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Parkville Integrated Palliative Care Service The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Geriatric Medicine Western HealthFootscrayVictoriaAustralia Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Centre for Integrated Critical Care Melbourne Medical SchoolThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Physiotherapy Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Rheumatology Unit Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Arthritis and Rheumatology Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases T

Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has had a profound and prolonged impact on healthcare services and healthcare *** The Australian COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers Study aimed to investigate the severity and prevalence of mental health issues,as well as the social,workplace and financial disruptions experienced by Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 *** A nationwide,voluntary,anonymous,single timepoint,online survey was conducted between 27 August and 23 October *** self-identifying as frontline healthcare workers in secondary or primary care were invited to *** were recruited through health organisations,professional associations or colleges,universities,government contacts and national ***,home and work situation,health and psychological well-being data were *** A total of 9518 survey responses were received;of the 9518 participants,7846(82.4%)participants reported complete *** regard to age,4110(52.4%)participants were younger than 40 years;6344(80.9%)participants were *** were nurses(n=3088,39.4%),doctors(n=2436,31.1%),allied health staff(n=1314,16.7%)or in other roles(n=523,6.7%).In addition,1250(15.9%)participants worked in primary *** measured mental health symptoms were common:mild to severe anxiety(n=4694,59.8%),moderate to severe burnout(n=5458,70.9%)and mild to severe depression(n=4495,57.3%).Participants were highly resilient(mean(SD)=3.2(0.66)).Predictors for worse outcomes on all scales included female gender;younger age;pre-existing psychiatric condition;experiencing relationship problems;nursing,allied health or other roles;frontline area;being worried about being blamed by colleagues and working with patients with *** The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with significant mental health symptoms in frontline healthcare *** preparedness together with policies and pra

关键词： distress nurse workers

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大豆粕在海水虾类饲料上的应用（一）

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中国水产 2015年第4期 81-82页

作者： douglas e. Conklin 加州大学动物科学系

前言近年来虾类每年的产量大约有一百万吨，而全世界养殖的虾类有20多种，其中产量最多的虾类主要有8种（表1）。在东半球是以生长快速的斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）为主，而在西半球则以白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的产量占据首位。

关键词：虾类大豆粕应用饲料海水斑节对虾东半球产量

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大豆粕在海水虾类饲料上的应用（三）

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中国水产 2015年第6期 81-83页

作者： douglas e. Conklin 加州大学动物科学系

借由侦测虾体中各种必需氨基酸（eAA）每日的增加量，Teshima等人（2002）以高品质的饲料（其蛋白质含量为50％，而儿是以酪蛋白及乌贼为主要原料）投喂日本对虾，

关键词：饲料虾类大豆粕蛋白质含量应用海水必需氨基酸日本对虾

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大豆粕在海水虾类饲料上的应用（二）

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中国水产 2015年第5期 81-82页

作者： douglas e. ConKlin 加州大学动物科学系

大豆产物在虾饲料中的应用在虾饲料中，大豆产品有三种形式：蛋白质产品（proteinproducts）、油脂（oils）以及磷脂质（phospholipids）。因为饲料中的蛋白质含量会直接反映在饲料最终的价格上，所以，目前都把焦点放在大豆产品上。不... 详细信息

大豆产物在虾饲料中的应用在虾饲料中，大豆产品有三种形式：蛋白质产品（proteinproducts）、油脂（oils）以及磷脂质（phospholipids）。因为饲料中的蛋白质含量会直接反映在饲料最终的价格上，所以，目前都把焦点放在大豆产品上。不过，卵磷脂也普遍应用在虾饲料上面，同时，配合大豆油的使用，已经有相当的成果。从大豆中可以萃取出各种成分的产品。为了制造去皮豆粕（Dehulled SoybeanMeal），一开始先把豆皮去除，接着把豆子辗压成薄片，并利用有机溶剂将薄片中的油质去除，接着将薄片进行烘烤，即形成了去皮豆粕。去皮豆粕含有大约48％的蛋白质，而其油质含量很低，不过其碳水化合物的含量则很高。这项产品也可能是掺杂着一些碎豆皮所形成的大豆粕，不过其蛋白质含量较低（大约44％）。相反地，借由不同的萃取过程，可以去除或降低去皮豆粕中的碳水化合物的含量，从而获得各种高蛋白含量的大豆浓缩物。

关键词：虾饲料大豆粕应用蛋白质含量大豆产品碳水化合物去皮豆粕虾类

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Comparison of Three Techniques to Identify and Count Individual Animals in Aerial Imagery

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2016年第3期7卷 123-135页

作者： Pat A. Terletzky Robert douglas Ramsey Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan USA

Whether a species is rare and requires protection or is overabundant and needs control, an accurate estimate of population size is essential for the development of conservation plans and management goals. Current wildlife surveys are logistically difficult, frequently biased, and time consuming. Therefore, there is a need to provide additional techniques to improve survey methods for censusing wildlife species. We examined three methods to enumerate animals in remotely sensed aerial imagery: manual photo interpretation, an unsupervised classification, and multi- image, multi-step technique. We compared the performance of the three techniques based on the probability of correctly detecting animals, the probability of under-counting animals (false positives), and the probability of over-counting animals (false negatives). Manual photo-interpretation had a high probability of detecting an animal (81% ± 24%), the lowest probability of over-counting an animal (8% ± 16%), and a relatively low probability of under-counting an animal (19% ± 24%). An unsupervised, ISODATA classification with subtraction of a background image had the highest probability of detecting an animal (82% ± 10%), a high probability of over-counting an animal (69% ± 27%) but a low probability of under-counting an animal (18% ± 18%). The multi-image, multi-step procedure incorporated more information, but had the lowest probability of detecting an animal (50% ± 26%), the highest probability of over-counting an animal (72% ± 26%), and the highest probability of under-counting an animal (50% ± 26%). Manual interpreters better discriminated between animal and non-animal features and had fewer over-counting errors (i.e., false positives) than either the unsupervised classification or the multi-image, multi-step techniques indicating that benefits of automation need to be weighed against potential losses in accuracy. Identification and counting of animals in remotely sensed imagery could provide wildlife ma

关键词： Aerial Photography ISODATA Principal Components Texture Unsupervised Classification

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CHIRAL RING OF Sp(N) AND SO(N) SUPeRSYMMeTRIC GAUGe THeORY IN FOUR DIMeNSIONS

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2003年第4期24卷 403-414页

作者： e.WITTeN Institute for Advanced Study PrincetonNJ 08540USA

The chiral ring of classical supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group Sp(N) or SO(N) is computed, extending previous work (of Cachazo, douglas, Seiberg, and the author)for SU(N). The result is that, as has been conjectured, the ring is generated by the usualglueball superfield S ～ Tr WαWα, with the relation Sh = 0, h being the dual Coxeter *** this proposition has important implications for the behavior of the quantum theory,the statement and (for the most part) the proofs amount to assertions about Lie groups withno direct reference to gauge theory.

关键词： Chiral ring Gauge group Lie group Supersymmetric gauge theory

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SHP2 regulates skeletal cell fate by modifying SOX9 expression and transcriptional activity

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Bone Research 2018年第2期6卷 132-144页

作者： Chunlin Zuo Lijun Wang Raghavendra M.Kamalesh Margot e.Bowen douglas C.Moore Mark S.Dooner Anthony M.Reginato Qian Wu Christoph Schorl Yueming Song Matthew L.Warman Benjamin G.Neel Michael G.ehrlich Wentian Yang Department of Orthopaedics Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island HospitalProvidenceRI 02903USA Orthopaedic Research Laboratories and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Boston Children's Hospital and Department of GeneticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Division of Hematology and Oncology Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island HospitalProvidenceRI 02903USA Division of Rheumatology Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island HospitalProvidenceRI 02903USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry Brown University70 Ship StreetProvidenceRI 02912USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041 Laura and Issac Perlmutter Cancer Center NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YourkNY 10016USA Department of endocrinology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022China

Chondrocytes and osteoblasts differentiate from a common mesenchymal precursor, the osteochondroprogenitor（OCP）, and help build the vertebrate skeleton. The signaling pathways that control lineage commitment for OCPs are incompletely understood. We asked whether the ubiquitously expressed protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2（encoded by Ptpn11） affects skeletal lineage commitment by conditionally deleting Ptpn11 in mouse limb and head mesenchyme using ＂Cre-lox P＂-mediated gene ***2-deficient mice have increased cartilage mass and deficient ossification, suggesting that SHP2-deficient OCPs become chondrocytes and not osteoblasts. Consistent with these observations, the expression of the master chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 and its target genes Acan, Col2a1, and Col10a1 were increased in SHP2-deficient chondrocytes, as revealed by gene expression arrays, q RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunostaining. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that SHP2 regulates OCP fate determination via the phosphorylation and SUMOylation of SOX9, mediated at least in part via the PKA signaling pathway. Our data indicate that SHP2 is critical for skeletal cell lineage differentiation and could thus be a pharmacologic target for bone and cartilage regeneration.

关键词： SHP2 regulates skeletal cell modifying SOX9 expression transcriptional activity SOX

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