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Mobilizing and integrating big data in studies of spatial and phylogenetic patterns of biodiversity

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Plant Diversity 2016年第6期38卷 264-270页

作者： douglas E.soltis Pamela s.soltis Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Department of Biology University of Florida

The current global challenges that threaten biodiversity are immense and rapidly *** biodiversity challenges demand approaches that meld bioinformatics,large-scale phylogeny reconstruction,use of digitized specimen data,and complex post-tree analyses(*** modeling,niche diversification,and other ecological analyses).Recent developments in phylogenetics coupled with emerging cyberinfrastructure and new data sources provide unparalleled opportunities for mobilizing and integrating massive amounts of biological data,driving the discovery of complex patterns and new hypotheses for further *** developments are not trivial in that biodiversity data on the global scale now being collected and analyzed are inherently *** ongoing integration and maturation of biodiversity tools discussed here is transforming biodiversity science,enabling what we broadly term"next-generation"investigations in systematics,ecology,and evolution(i.e.,"biodiversity science").New training that integrates domain knowledge in biodiversity and data science skills is also needed to accelerate research in these *** biodiversity science is crucial to the future of global *** cannot simply react to continued threats to biodiversity,but via the use of an integrative,multifaceted,big data approach,researchers can now make biodiversity projections to provide crucial data not only for scientists,but also for the public,land managers,policy makers,urban planners,and agriculture.

关键词： Biodiversity Big data Niche modeling Bioinformatics Phylogeny

Management of pancreaticobiliary disease using a new intra-ductal endoscope:The Texas experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第11期15卷 1353-1358页

作者： douglas s Fishman Paul R Tarnasky sandeep N Patel Isaac Raijman Texas Children’s Hospital Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionBaylor College of Medicine6621 Fannin StreetHoustonTX 77030United States Digestive Health Associates Methodist Pavilion II 221 West Colorado Blvd.DallasTX 75208-2359United States Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio7703 Floyd Curl Drive San AntonioTX 78229-3900United States Digestive Associates of Houston 6620 Main Street.HoustonTX 77030United States

AIM:To evaluate a new single-operator mini-endoscope, spyglass,for its performance,feasibility and safety in the management of pancreaticobiliary disease. METHODs:In a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients undergoing intraductal endoscopy,we evaluated 128 patients(71 men,mean age 57.6 years).Indications were therapeutic(TX)in 72(56%) and diagnostic(DX)in 56(44%). REsULTs:Peroral endoscopy was performed in 121 and percutaneous in *** indications included CBD stones in 41,PD stones in six,and biliary strictures in *** indications included abnormal LFT’s in 15, abnormal imaging in 38 and cholangiocarcinoma staging in *** of the stone(s)was considered good in 31,fair in six,and poor in four. Advancement of the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe was not possible in three patients and proper targeting of the lesion was partial in four patients.A holmium laser was used successfully in three *** clearance was achieved in 37 patients after one procedure and in four patients after two *** of biliary strictures was modified in 20/29 and confirmed to be malignant in 10/*** the modified patients,no diagnosis was available in *** demonstrated malignancy in 8/17 and non-malignancy in *** pathology by imaging studies and abnormal LFT’s was modified in 43/63(66%).staging of cholangiocarcinoma demonstrated multicentric cholangiocarcinoma in 2/*** was no morbidity associated with the use of spyglass. CONCLUsION:spyglass spyscopeis a first generation, single operator miniature endoscope that can evaluate and treat various biliary and pancreatic tract diseases.

关键词： Intra-ductal endoscopy Choledochoscopy Cholangiopancreatoscopy Endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography Biliary disease sclerosingcholangitis Cholangiocarcinoma Lithotripsy Pancreaticdisease spyglass

Forests,atmospheric water and an uncertain future: the new biology of the global water cycle

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 236-257页

作者： douglas sheil Faculty of Environmental sciences and Natural Resource Management(MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)

Theory and evidence indicate that trees and other vegetation influence the atmospheric water-cycle in various *** influences are more important, more complex, and more poorly characterised than is widely *** there is little doubt that changes in tree cover will impact the water-cycle, the wider consequences remain difficult to predict as the underlying relationships and processes remain poorly characterised. Nonetheless, as forests are vulnerable to human activities, these linked aspects of the water-cycle are also at risk and the potential consequences of large scale forest loss are severe. Here, for non-specialist readers, I review our knowledge of the links between vegetation-cover and climate with a focus on forests and rain(precipitation). I highlight advances, uncertainties and research opportunities. There are significant shortcomings in our understanding of the atmospheric hydrological cycle and of its representation in climate models. A better understanding of the role of vegetation and tree-cover wil reduce some of these shortcomings. I outline and il ustrate various research themes where these advances may be *** themes include the biology of evaporation, aerosols and atmospheric motion, as well as the processes that determine monsoons and diurnal precipitation cycles. A novel theory—the ‘biotic pump’—suggests that evaporation and condensation can exert a major influence over atmospheric dynamics. This theory explains how high rainfall can be maintained within those continental land-masses that are sufficiently forested. Feedbacks within many of these processes can result in non-linear behaviours and the potential for dramatic changes as a result of forest loss(or gain): for example, switching from a wet to a dry local climate(or visa-versa). Much remains unknown and multiple research disciplines are needed to address this: forest scientists and other biologists have a major role to *** ideas, methods and data offer opportun

关键词： Biotic pump Climate Condensation Evaporation Ice-nucleation Transpiration GCM Vapour Water-cycle

Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks:Perspectives of United states Floodplain Managers

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2021年第5期12卷 649-660页

作者： Jenna Tyler Abdul-Akeem sadiq douglas s.Noonan Rebecca M.Entress school of Public Administration University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32801USA O'Neill school of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University–Purdue University IndianapolisIN 46202USA

To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood *** there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community *** study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making *** gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United states indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be *** results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating system,as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.

关键词： Community flood risk management Decision making Floodplain managers United states

Materials and technology of Chinese jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE)

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science China(Technological sciences) 2008年第4期51卷 467-480页

作者： Janet G douglas Department of Conservation and scientific Research Freer Gallery of Art / Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution

Excavated jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE) from the Xi’an area in shaanxi Province, China, and contemporaneous jades in the collections of the Arthur M. sackler Gallery at the smithsonian Institution have been studied to learn about the jade and stone materials and how they were worked during the Western Zhou period. Materials identification was carried out using a combination of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tool marks were studied using stereomicroscopy and examination of mold impressions using scanning electron microscopy. All of these objects were pro- duced through simple processes involving solid drilling, riffling, and sharp point abrasion; and no evidence was found for the use of rotary tools for incising or sawing.

关键词： jade nephrite stone China Western Zhou scanning electron microscopy materials technology tool marks

Interpreting forest diversity-productivity relationships:volume values,disturbance histories and alternative inferences

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 64-75页

作者： douglas sheil Frans Bongers Faculty of Environmental sciences and Natural Resource Management(MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Box 50031432 AsNorway Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands

Understanding the relationship between stand-level tree diversity and productivity has the potential to inform the science and management of *** shows that plant diversity-productivity relationships are challenging to interpret—and this remains true for the study of forests using non-experimental field *** we highlight pitfalls regarding the analyses and interpretation of such *** examine three themes:1)the nature and measurement of ecological productivity and related values;2)the role of stand history and disturbance in explaining forest characteristics;and 3)the interpretation of any *** show that volume production and true productivity are distinct,and neither is a demonstrated proxy for economic *** stand characteristics,including diversity,volume growth and productivity,vary intrinsically with succession and stand *** should be characterising these relationships rather than ignoring or eliminating *** to do so may lead to misleading *** illustrate,we examine the study which prompted our concerns—Liang et al.(science 354:aaf8957,2016)—which developed a sophisticated global analysis to infer a worldwide positive effect of biodiversity(tree species richness)on“forest productivity”(stand level wood volume production).Existing data should be able to address many of our *** evaluations will improve understanding.

关键词： Causation Correlation Diversity Inference Productivity Richness Tree-growth Wood-density

The Effect of Natural Hazard Damage on Manufacturing Value Added and the Impact of spatiotemporal Data Variations on the Results

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2022年第5期13卷 691-704页

作者： douglas Thomas Jennifer Helgeson National Institute of standards and Technology GaithersburgMD 20899USA

This study examined the effect of natural hazards on manufacturing industry value added and the sensitivity of the results from changes to spatiotemporal resolution of the *** measured the negative effects of hazards,rather than the net *** models were developed with varying spatio temporal units for the continental United states:annual/county units;annual/state units;and quarterly/state *** simulations were run using each model to estimate the negative effect of damage from all natural hazards on value added across spatiotemporal ***,an investment analysis was conducted to examine the return from public investments in hazard *** results do not demonstrate that,locally,natural hazards reduce value ***,the evidence suggests that natural hazards in the upstream supply chain have statistically significant impact when modeled at the annual/county scale and at the quarterly/state *** local nor supply chain hazards have a statistically significant effect when modeled at the annual/state scale,suggesting that broader spatiotemporal units may obscure the true downstream effects of natural *** investment analysis,utilizing model results,suggests that an investment of UsD 100 billion or less is economical if it results in a reduction in losses of 10% or more.

关键词： Manufacturing Natural hazards spatiotemporal impacts United states Value added

slab and Level 2 Automation Design Guidelines for Optimum Metallurgy and Productivity for Plate and steckel Mills

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 550-556页

作者： stalheim douglas DGs Metallurgical solutions Inc. 15003 NE 10th StreetVancouverWA 98684 USA

Many new steel plate processing facilities have been built in the past 10 years around the world with many more being planned for the *** is especially true in developing countries such as China,India and *** of these facilities are plate mills with either one or two stands or a steckel mill,typically only one stand designed for the production of structural plate ***,there is a lack of understanding with both the mill builders of the world and the mill owners on the importance of properly matching up the available slab supply (either new as part of a new plate/steckel mill complex or part of an already existing) with the desired end plate product *** mill builders and owners around the world believe that you can take any slab of any dimension and make any plate dimension you *** this is basically true with today’s Level 2 automation systems,it does not always result in optimum metallurgy/mechanical properties or *** less than optimum condition results in mechanical property failures,shape issues,productivity losses and in general a less than desirable costly processing *** is important to the overall optimization of a steel processing facility that the proper slab dimensions be used to produce the proper final plate dimensions along with achieving the required mechanical *** critical nature of this selection will be dependent on the final plate thickness and overall mechanical property *** mechanical property,shape and overall microstructure are heavily dependent on the ability to properly work the entire cross section of the slab through the rolling *** mechanical property,shape and microstructural issues are a result of improper working of the entire cross section during *** ability for a given mill to properly work the entire cross section is dependent on proper slab selection (total reduction ratio) and a proper rolling schedule either generated manual

关键词： slab dimensions optimization grain size rolling schedule automation Level 2

Metallurgical Optimization of Microalloyed steels for Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 669-674页

作者： stalheim douglas DGs Metallurgical solutions Inc. 15003 NE 10th StreetVancouverWA98684 USA

The production of microalloyed steels for oil and gas transmission pipelines has increased significantly over the past *** more and more countries developing their own capabilities to produce pipeline steels to support their own internal pipeline infrastructure development,there has been an increase of steel producers working to develop their own capabilities to produce microalloyed steels for this ***,to achieve the desired mechanical property attributes for transmission pipeline applications utilizing a cost effective approach requires metallurgical optimization of the microalloyed *** achieve metallurgical optimization a basic understanding is required in the design of a cost effective alloy and then the proper processing of that alloy design to achieve the optimum microstructure/mechanical *** this sense,many producers in the world,especially those who have only recently,in the past 10 years,developed their capability to produce microalloyed transmission pipeline steels still do not achieve metallurgical optimization of their alloy and *** results in yield losses due to failures,inefficient processing causing productivity losses and additional expensive additions of alloys to compensate for failures and process *** the supplier of plate/coil has the largest percentage effect on the final cost of the pipe,the steel producer must understand proper alloy,microstructure,and process design to produce a uniform and stable plate/coil to be used in pipe *** means that strength,toughness and microstructure must be uniform down the length,across the width and through the cross *** optimization is achieved when this uniformity is achieved with a cost effective *** to that,non-uniformity results in pipe forming,welding,expansion,mechanical property and production issues resulting in downgraded pipe and cost overruns in *** paper will describe targets for p

关键词： microalloy niobium pipeline solubility grain size rolling schedule