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Dietary cholesterol promotes growth and ecdysone signalling pathway by modulating cholesterol transport in swimming crabs(Portunus trituberculatus)

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 249-260页

作者： Tingting Zhu Qicun Zhou Zheng Yang Yingying Zhang Jiaxiang Luo Xiangsheng Zhang Yuedong Shen Lefei Jiao douglas r.tocher Min Jin Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition School of Marine SciencesNingbo University315211 NingboChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Marine SciencesShantou University515063 ShantouChina

Cholesterol,as an indispensable nutrient,regulates molting and growth in crustacean.As crustaceans are unable to biosynthesize cholesterol de novo,it is central to understand how dietary cholesterol affects molting in crustaceans.An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol level(0.12%,0.43%,0.79%,1.00%,1.30%and 2.50%)on growth,cholesterol metabolism and expression of genes related to lipid and ecdysone metabolism in female swimming crabs(Portunus trituberculatus).A total of 192 crabs(1.41±0.05 g)were randomly distributed into 192 aquaria.Each treatment had 4 replicates with each replicate containing 8 crabs.Crabs fed the 1.00%cholesterol diet showed best growth performance,and thus based on percent weight gain,the optimal dietary cholesterol requirement was calculated at 1.01%.Tissue cholesterol concentrations were positively correlated with dietary cholesterol level.The contents of functional fatty acids in hepatopancreas significantly increased as dietary cholesterol increased from 0.12%to 2.50%(Pression levels of genes related to lipogenesis pathway,lipid catabolism and fatty acid oxidation were significantly downregulated with increased dietary cholesterol level(Pression levels of cholesterol transport genes,low-density lipoprotein receptor(ldlr)and low-density lipoprotein receptorrelated protein 2(lrp2)occurred in crabs fed the 1.30%cholesterol diet.Moreover,hormones related to molting such as crustacean hyperglycemic hormone(CHH),methyl farnesoate(MF),molt-inhibiting hormone(MIH),and ecdysone in hemolymph were significantly influenced by dietary cholesterol level(Pression levels of ecdysone receptor(ecr)and chitinase 1(chi1)in eyestalk and hepatopancreas were found in crabs fed the diet containing 1.00%cholesterol(Pry level was beneficial to functional fatty acid accumulation,regulated lipid metabolism,promoted the ecdysone signalling pathway by improving the cholesterol t

关键词： Portunus trituberculatus Cholesterol Lipid metabolism Ecdysone signalling pathway

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Dietary choline activates the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway and decreases lipid levels in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 58-70页

作者： Jingjing Lu Xinyue Tao Jiaxiang Luo Tingting Zhu Lefei Jiao Peng Sun Qicun Zhou douglas r.tocher Min Jin Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Marine SciencesShantou UniversityShantou 515063China

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)to evaluate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on choline transport and metabolism,hepatopancreas histological structure and fatty acid profile,and regulation of lipid metabolism.Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different choline levels of 2.91(basal diet),3.85,4.67,6.55,10.70 and 18.90 g/kg,respectively.A total of 960 shrimp(initial weight,1.38±0.01 g)were distributed randomly into twenty-four 250-L cylindrical fiber-glass tanks,with each diet assigned randomly to 4replicate tanks.The results indicated that dietary choline significantly promoted the deposition of choline,betaine and carnitine(Prs and areas of r cells,total lipid and triglyceride contents in hepatopancreas,and triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid contents in hemolymph were negatively correlated with dietary choline level.The contents of functional fatty acids in hepatopancreas,the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(Acc),and the mrNA expression of fas,srebp and acc were highest in shrimp fed the diet containing 4.67 g/kg choline,and significantly higher than those fed the diet containing 2.91 g/kg,the lowest level of choline(Pr of r cells,content of very lowdensity lipoprotein(VLDL),activities of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase(Cpt1),lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase,and the mrNA expression levels of cpt1,fabp,fatp,ldlr,and ampk in hepatopancreas increased significantly as dietary choline increased(Preas m rNA expression levels of ctl1,ctl2,oct1,badh,bhmt,ck,cept,and cct were generally up-regulated as dietary choline level increased(Pry choline promoted the deposition of choline and its metabolites by up-regulating genes related to choline transport and metabolism.Moreover,appropriate dietary choline level promoted the development of hepatopancreas r cells and maintained the normal accumulation of lipids required for develo

关键词： Pacific white shrimp Choline Lipid Fatty acid Histology Ampk signaling pathway

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High dietary lipid level promotes low salinity adaptation in the marine euryhaline crab(Scylla paramamosain)

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 297-307页

作者： Jiaxiang Luo Chen ren Tingting Zhu Chen Guo Shichao Xie Yingying Zhang Zheng Yang Wenli Zhao Xiangsheng Zhang Jingjing Lu Lefei Jiao Qicun Zhou douglas r.tocher Min Jin Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Marine SciencesShantou UniversityShantou 515063China

The physiological processes involved in adaptation to osmotic pressure in euryhaline crustaceans are highly energy demanding,but the effects of dietary lipids(fat)on low salinity adaptations have not been well evaluated.In the present study,a total of 120 mud crabs(Scylla paramamosain,BW=17.87±1.49 g)were fed control and high-fat(HF)diets,at both medium salinity(23‰)and low salinity(4‰)for 6 wk,and each treatment had 3 replicates with each replicate containing 10 crabs.The results indicated that a HF diet significantly mitigated the reduction in survival rate,percent weight gain and feed efficiency induced by low salinity(Pred lipogenesis and activated lipolysis resulting in lipid depletion in the hepatopancreas of mud crabs(Process of lipolysis to supply more energy.In the gills,low salinity and the HF diet increased the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers,the activity of mitochondrial complexes,and the expression levels of genes related to energy metabolism(Prgy metabolism in mud crabs at low salinity promoted osmotic pressure regulation.Specifically,significantly higher haemolymph osmotic pressure and inorganic ion content,as well as higher osmotic pressure regulatory enzyme activity in gills,and gene and protein expression levels of NaK-ATPase were observed in crabs fed the HF diet at low salinity(Pry,high dietary lipid levels improved energy provision to facilitate mitochondrial biogenesis,which increased ATP provision for osmotic pressure regulation of mud crabs.This study also illustrates the importance of dietary lipid nutrition supplementation for low salinity adaptations in mud crabs.

关键词： Osmotic pressure regulation Mitochondrial energy metabolism Lipid metabolism

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remarks on Almost Everywhere Convergence and Approximate Identities

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年

作者： Sean douglas Loukas GrAFAKOS Columbia Department of Mathematics University of Missouri

We prove almost everywhere convergence for convolutions of locally integrable functions with shrinking L1dilations of a fixed integrable kernel with an integrable radially decreasing majorant.The set on which the convergence holds is an explicit subset of the Lebesgue set of the locally integrable function of full measure. This result can be viewed as an extension of the Lebesgue differentiation theorem in which the characteristic function of the unit ball is replaced by a more general kernel. We obtain a similar result for multilinear convolutions.

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Expression of genes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid(LC-PUFA) biosynthesis during early embryogenesis in cobia rachycentron canadum

Expression of genes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid...

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The 14th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition & Feeding

作者： Oscar Monroig Ken Webb Leonardo Ibarra-Castro G.Joan Holt douglas r.tocher Institute of Aquaculture University of Stirling Marine Science Institute University of Texas at Austin

Developing organisms including fish have high requirements for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFA) to fulfil the demands of critical tissues such as brain and retina,where these compounds accumulate in membrane phospholipids.We recently investigated the activation of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway in zebrafish embryos by analysing the expression of genes involved in the pathway.The study revealed that zebrafish embryos express all the enzymatic activities required in the synthesis of LC-PUFA such as docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),and thus can supplement supply of preformed LC-PUFA from the yolk sac.Unlike freshwater species, marine fish have been generally considered unable to biosynthesise LC-PUFA from C18 PUFA precursors.However,little information is available on the biosynthetic capacity of early life stages of marine fish.The present study investigated the expression of genes encoding enzymes of the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway in the marine teleost cobia(rachycentron canadum).First,an elongase with sequence similarity to mammalian very long-chain fatty acids 4(Elovl4) was isolated,and functional characterisation revealed it catalysed conversion of 22:5n-3 to 24:5n-3, which can be further desaturated and chain shortened to DHA,confirming its potential role in DHA synthesis.Further activity of Elovl4 on 22:5n-3 produced pentaenes up to C36,suggesting a role in the synthesis of very long-chain PUFA(VLC-PUFA),which are fatty acids relatively abundant in specific tissues such as retina,testicles and brain.Subsequently,the temporal expression patterns of elovl4,together with the formerly characterised elongase elovl5 and fatty acyl desaturase△6fad,were analysed by rT-PCr in cobia embryos collected throughout early ontogeny up to 72 hours post-fertilisation(hpf).Interestingly,elovl4 exhibited increasing expression levels from 9 to 60 hpf,thus suggesting the biosynthesis of VLC-PUFA is activated early on in developing retina and brain as occurs with zebrafish elovl4 genes.Although not measured in embryos th

关键词： Cobia early embryogenesis Elovl4-like elongase Elovl5-like elongase fatty acid fatty acyl desaturase LC-PUFA biosynthesis

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Increasing dietary fiber intake for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A systematic review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 1001-1010页

作者： douglas Nitzke Juliana Czermainski Carolina rosa Chaline Coghetto Sabrina Alves Fernandes randhall B Carteri Department of Nutrition Centro Universitário CESUCACachoeirinha 94935-630Brazil Department of Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90430-080Brazil Postgraduate Program in Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Postgraduate Program in Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)Porto Alegre 90050-170Brazil

BACKGrOUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic,non-communicable disease with a substantial global impact,affecting a significant number of individuals.Its etiology is closely tied to imbalanced dietary practices and sedentary lifestyles.Conversely,increasing die-tary fiber(DF)intake has consistently demonstrated health benefits in numerous studies,including improvements in glycemic control and weight management.AIM To investigate the efficacy of DF interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the association between DF intake and the management of T2DM.Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 26 studies were included in this review.rESULTS The main strategies implied to increased DF intake were:High DF diet plus acarbose(2 studies);DF supplements(14 studies);and high DF diets(10 studies).Overall,most studies indicated that increased DF intake resulted in im-provements in glycemic control and weight management in T2DM patients.CONCLUSION DF represents a valuable strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,improving health outcomes.DF intake offers the potential to improve quality of life and reduce complications and mortality associated with diabetes.Likewise,through supplements or enriched foods,DF contributes significantly to the control of several markers such as HbA1c,blood glucose,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,and body weight.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Soluble fibers Insoluble fibers Probiotics Blood glucose Nutrition

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A Many Worlds Interpretation of the Dark Universe

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 828-835页

作者： richard douglas Bateson Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge UK

In this paper, we discuss a Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of Dark Energy and Dark Matter. The universe is viewed cosmologically as a fermionic fluid with a hydrostatic pressure from “Zitterbewegung”, the quantum “zig-zagging” of Dirac particles. At each point in space-time, the pressure from all possible velocity states existing in the Many Worlds sums to provide a dark energy. This provides a ratio of matter energy to pressure energy close to that observed experimentally. Visible matter is the matter observed or measured in a particular velocity state and dark matter is then considered as the unobserved fermion contributions from different orthogonal spatial directions.

关键词： Dark Energy Dark Matter Many Worlds

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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima UrBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIEr IsaíJorge de CASTrO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GrACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William douglas CArVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main parasites.However,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network structures.Here,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host sexes.We captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian Amazon.Despite female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically significant.The pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 compartments.The total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,respectively.Connectance values were very low for the pooled network and for all subnetworks.Our results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry season.Moreover,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male subnetwork.Therefore,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network structure.Future studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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Circulating microrNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with severe obesity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 332-345页

作者： Yi-Jie Li Brittney O Baumert Nikos Stratakis Jesse A Goodrich Hao-Tian Wu Jing-Xuan He Yin-Qi Zhao Max T Aung Hong-Xu Wang Sandrah P Eckel douglas I Walker Damaskini Valvi Michele A La Merrill Justin r ryder Thomas H Inge Todd Jenkins Stephanie Sisley rohit Kohli Stavra A Xanthakos Andrea A Baccarelli rob McConnell David V Conti Lida Chatzi Department of Population and Public Health Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90032United States Barcelona Institute of Global Health Barcelona Institute of Global HealthBarcelona 08036Spain Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032United States Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30329United States Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Environmental Toxicology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616United States Department of Surgery Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIL 60611United States Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611United States Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics Children’s Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARSBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology Children’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90027United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States

BACKGrOUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and adolescents.NAFLD ranges in severity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with steatosis.Circulating microrNA(mirNA)levels have been suggested to be altered in NAFLD,but the extent to which mirNA are related to NAFLD features remains unknown.This analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma mirNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in adolescents.AIM To investigate the relationship between plasma mirNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with NAFLD.METHODS This study included 81 adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD and 54 adolescents without NAFLD from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery study.Intra-operative core liver biopsies were collected from participants and used to characterize histological features of NAFLD.Plasma samples were collected during surgery for mirNA profiling.A total of 843 plasma mirNAs were profiled using the HTG EdgeSeq platform.We examined associations of plasma mirNAs and NAFLD features using logistic regression after adjusting for age,sex,race,and other key covariates.Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to identify biological functions of mirNAs that were associated with multiple histological features of NAFLD.rESULTS We identified 16 upregulated plasma mirNAs,including mir-193a-5p and mir-193b-5p,and 22 downregulated plasma mirNAs,including mir-1282 and mir-6734-5p,in adolescents with NAFLD.Moreover,52,16,15,and 9 plasma mirNAs were associated with NASH,fibrosis,ballooning degeneration,and lobular inflammation,respectively.Collectively,16 mirNAs were associated with two or more histological features of NAFLD.Among those mirNAs,mir-411-5p was downregulated in NASH,ballooning,and fibrosis,while mir-122-5p,mir-1343-5p,mir-193a-5p,mir-193b-5p,and mir-7845-5p were consistently and positively associated with all histological features

关键词： MicrorNA Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver fibrosis Lobular inflammation Ballooning degeneration

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预防舞弊金字塔

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新理财（公司理财） 2024年第6期 77-80页

作者： douglas M.Boyle Dana r.Hermanson 不详

财会人员可基于一种新模型来培养防范舞弊的能力。美国注册舞弊审查师协会(ACFE)两年一次的调查显示,舞弊仍是一个重大的社会问题,全球每年因舞导致的损失高达数万亿美元。不幸的是,财会人员往往会屈服于压力或不当激励措施而实施舞弊,... 详细信息

财会人员可基于一种新模型来培养防范舞弊的能力。美国注册舞弊审查师协会(ACFE)两年一次的调查显示,舞弊仍是一个重大的社会问题,全球每年因舞导致的损失高达数万亿美元。不幸的是,财会人员往往会屈服于压力或不当激励措施而实施舞弊,这使得他们成为ACFE调查中职业舞弊案的主要实施者之一。

关键词：财会人员舞弊案防范舞弊金字塔主要实施者不当激励预防舞弊 ACF

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