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Simulated Microbe Removal around Finger Rings Using Different Hand Sanitation Methods

International j.urnal of Oral Science 2009年第3期1卷 136-142页

作者： Archana A. Alur Madhavi j. Rane j.mes P. Scheetz douglas j. lorenz Lawrence Gettleman Ballard High School Louisville Kentucky USA School of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of Dentistry University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of Public Health & Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA

Aim It is our opinion that the CDC and the WHO have underestimated cross-contamination under examination gloves in dental clinics while wearing j.welry, such as finger rings. These agencies only ＂recommend＂ removing j.welry, and only washing hands for 15 seconds with soap and warm water before donning gloves. This study examined several washing procedures and finger rings using simulated microbes. Methodology A gloved robber hand manikin was made and fitted with a flesh disposable vinyl glove. Four fingers were fitted with rings or no ring, dusted with simulated microbes, and washed with a scrub brush for 5, 15, and 25 seconds under 20℃ and 40℃ water alone, or with liquid hand soap. Light levels （in lux） of fluorescent powder before and after washing were measured and delta scores calculated for changes in light levels, equivalent to effectiveness of hand washing procedures. A full-factorial, 3-factor analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test for differences among levels of the three study factors-time, temperature, and soap use. Tukey＇s post hoc honestly significant difference （HSD） test was applied to significant factors to examine pair-wise differences between factor levels. Results It was found that the longer the hands with rings were washed with a scrub brush under flowing water, the more simulated microbes were removed. By 25 seconds, all methods were essentially the same. Simulated microbes were more difficult to remove from the palm compared to the back of the hand. The liquid hand soap used in this study was more effective with warm water than cold. When given a choice of washing with cold water up to 15 seconds, it would be preferable not to use soap to remove simulated microbes. Qualitatively, the outer surface of finger rings were more effectively cleaned than the crevice below the ring, and the ring with a stone setting appeared to accumulate and retain simulated microbes more than other rings. Conclusion The most effective treatment was washing wi

关键词： dental exam gloves finger ring j.welry crosscontamination hand hygiene microbes fluorescent powder dental health care workers

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Parallel boron nitride nanoribbons and etch tracks formed through catalytic etching

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4874-4882页

作者： Armin Ansary Mohsen Nasseri Mathias j. Boland douglas R. Strachan Department of Physics &Astronomy University of Kentucky Lexington KY40506 USA

One-dimensional （1D） catalytic etching was investigated in few-layer hexagonal boron nitride （hBN） films. Etching of hBN was shown to share a number of similarities with that of graphitic films. As in graphitic films, etch tracks in hBN commenced at film edges and occurred predominantly along certain crystal directions of its lattice, though it was shown that the tracks were generally narrower than those of few-layer graphene under similar processing conditions. It was also shown that catalytic hydrogenation can occur completely through a few-layer hBN film, demonstrating that this process can be used in the formation of isolated low-dimensional nanoscale structures from other layered 2D materials beyond graphene. This ability for thin hBN films to be etched completely through allowed for a crystalline substrate to guide the etching process, which was demonstrated with the successful etch track formation of few-layer hBN on single-crystalline sapphire substrates. The substrate-guided etching resulted in parallel few-layer hBN nanoribbons having an average width of 32 nm and spacing of 13 nm.

关键词： hexagonal(hBN) one-dimensional catalytic etching hydrogenation etch tracks nanoribbons

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Interleukin-7 Receptor Signaling Network:An Integrated Systems Perspective

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第2期5卷 79-89页

作者： Megan j. Palmer Vinay S. Mahaj.n Lily C. Traj.an Darrell j. Irvine douglas A.Lauffenburger j.anzhu Chen Department of Biological Engineering Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Interleukin-7 （IL-7） is an essential cytokine for the development and homeostatic maintenance of T and B lymphocytes. Binding of IL-7 to its cognate receptor, the IL-7 receptor （IL-7R）, activates multiple pathways that regulate lymphocyte survival, glucose uptake, proliferation and differentiation. There has been much interest in understanding how IL-7 receptor signaling is modulated at multiple interconnected network levels. This review examines how the strength of the signal through the IL-7 receptor is modulated in T and B cells, including the use of shared receptor components, signaling crosstalk, shared interaction domains, feedback loops, integrated gene regulation, multimerization and ligand competition. We discuss how these network control mechanisms could integrate to govern the properties of IL-7R signaling in lymphocytes in health and disease. Analysis of IL-7 receptor signaling at a network level in a systematic manner will allow for a comprehensive approach to understanding the impact of multiple signaling pathways on lymphocyte biology. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

关键词： IL-7 receptor cytokine signaling network systems biology modeling

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Support elements in conventional tunneling–Focus on long-term behavior

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 277-287页

作者： Robert Galler Stefan lorenz Chair of Subsurface Engineering Department of Mineral Resources EngineeringMontanuniversita¨t LeobenP.O.Box 8700Erzherzog Johann Str.3LeobenAustria

Owing to increasing traffic and the need for constructing second tunnel tubes including corresponding cross-passages,where only one tube existed thus far,sampling of tunnel-lining materials with an age of 30–40 years has been made *** and in situ tests were carried out to evaluate the long-term effects of the tunnel *** paper presents the outcomes regarding the long-term behav-ior of support elements and membranes after performing strength tests on inner and outer lining concrete samples,flat j.ck tests,rock bolt tests,and tests on re-extracted sheet membranes,as well as ***,the interface connection mechanical behavior in a double-shell-lined tunnel was investigated with laboratory *** aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of sheet membranes and geotextiles in the case of reduced load-bearing capacity caused by degradation of the primary *** results provide information on the load-sharing effects of the interaction between the primary and secondary lining,depending on the waterproofing sheet membrane and geotextile *** on the results,conclusions for new design approaches for underground infrastructure construction can be formulated.

关键词： Tunnel lining Long-term behavior Concrete Sheet membrane Rock bolt Flat j.ck test In situ tests

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Free perforation of the small intestine in collagenous sprue

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2009年第35期15卷 4446-4448页

作者： Hugh j.Freeman douglas L Webber Departments of Medicine(Gastroenterology) University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1W5Canada Departments of Pathology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1W5Canada

A 67-year-old man with celiac disease developed recurrent diarrhea,profound weakness and weight loss, with evidence of marked protein *** clinical course was refractory to a strict gluten-free diet and steroid *** studies led to definition of unrecognized collagenous sprue that caused ulceration and small intestinal *** PCR showed identical monoclonal T-cell populations in antemortem duodenal biopsies and postmortem j.j.num,careful pathological evaluation demonstrated no frank ***,overt or even cryptic T-cell lymphoma may complicate collagenous sprue,however, small intestinal ulcers and perforation may also develop *** dramatic findings here may reflect an underlying or early molecular event in the eventual clinical appearance of overt T-cell lymphoma.

关键词： Collagenous sprue Intestinal perforation Celiac disease Refractory sprue Intestinal neoplasms Lymphoma

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Exploding lakes in Vanuatu ＂Surtseyan-style＂ eruptions witnessed on Ambae Island

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Episodes 2006年第2期29卷 87-92页

作者： Károly Németh Shane j. Cronin douglas Charley Morris Harrison Esline Garae Volcanic Risk Solutions Institute of Natural Resources Massey University PO Box 11 222 Palmerston North New Zealand Department of Geology Mines and Water Resources Private Bag Port Vila Vanuatu

After a long silence, Lake Vui on Ambae Island burst into spectacular life on November 28, 2005, disrupting the lives of the 10,000 inhabitants on this sleepy tropical island in the SW Pacific. ＂Surtseyan-style＂ explosions burst through the Island＇s summit lake waters, forming a new tuff-cone, and threatening to form deadly lahars or volcanic floods. Such eruptions are rarely well observed, and these fleeting opportunities provide a chance to match volcanic processes with rock-sequences common in the geologic record...

关键词：瓦努阿图爆发湖泊岛屿

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Resolvent Estimates and Quantification of Nonlinear Stability

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2000年第1期16卷 1-20页

作者： Heinz-Otto Kreiss j.ns lorenz Department of Mathematics UCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics UNMAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

The aim of this paper is to clarify the role played by resolvent estimates for nonlinear *** will give examples showing that a large resolvent may lead to a small domain of nonlinear *** other examples the resolvent is large,but the domain of nonlinear stability is completely *** case prevails depends on the details of the problem. We will also show that the size of the resolvent depends in an essential way on the norms that are used.

关键词： Resolvent estimates Nonlinear stability Pseudospectrum Convection-dominated flow

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In Vivo Phosphorylation Site Mapping and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Phototropin 1

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 178-194页

作者： Stuart Sullivan Catriona E. Thomson douglas j. Lamont Matthew A. j.nes j.hn M. Christie Plant Science Group Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow. University Avenue. Glasgow Scotland UK FingerPrints Proteomics Facility Post-Genomics and Molecular Interactions Centre. School of Life Sciences MSI/WTB/CIR Complex University of Dundee. Dundee Scotland UK

Phototropins （phot1 and phot2） are blue-light receptor kinases controlling a range of responses that optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. Light sensing is mediated by two flavin-binding motifs, known as LOVl and LOV2, located within the N-terminal region of the protein. Photoexcitation via LOV2 leads to activation of the C-terminal kinase domain and consequently receptor autophosphorylation. However, knowledge of the in-vivo phosphorylation sites for Arabidopsis phototropins is lacking and has impeded progress in elucidating the functional significance of receptor phos- phorylation. We have purified photl from Arabidopsis and identified the in-vivo sites of receptor phosphorylation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Arabidopsis-derived photl binds flavin mononucleotide as chromophore and is phosphorylated at four maj.r sites located upstream of LOV2 （Ser^58, Ser^85, Ser^350, and Ser^410）, three of which are induced by blue light. Nevertheless, structure-function analysis indicates that the biological activity of photl can be attributed to a modular unit comprising the LOV2-kinase region of the protein. Thus, peptide regions upstream of LOV2, including the sites of receptor phosphorylation identified here, do not appear to be important for receptor signaling. By contrast, these regions may be necessary for maximizing stomatal performance and possibly light-induced relocalization of photl.

关键词： Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) lavin-binding motifs

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Potential influence of wildfire in modulating climate-induced forest redistribution in a central Rocky Mountain landscape

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 52-68页

作者： j.hn L.Campbell douglas j.Shinneman Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA U.S.Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIDUSA.

Introduction:Climate change is expected to impose significant tension on the geographic distribution of tree ***,tree species range shifts may be delayed by their long life spans,capacity to withstand long periods of physiological stress,and dispersal *** could theoretically break this biological inertia by killing forest canopies and facilitating species redistribution under changing *** investigated the capacity of wildfire to modulate climate-induced tree redistribution across a montane landscape in the central Rocky Mountains under three climate scenarios(contemporary and two warmer future climates)and three wildfire scenarios(representing historical,suppressed,and future fire regimes).Methods:Distributions of four common tree species were proj.cted over 90 years by pairing a climate niche model with a forest landscape simulation model that simulates species dispersal,establishment,and mortality under alternative disturbance regimes and climate ***:Three species(douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,subalpine fir)declined in abundance over time,due to climate-driven contraction in area suitable for establishment,while one species(ponderosa pine)was unable to exploit climate-driven expansion of area suitable for *** fire frequency accelerated declines in area occupied by douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,and subalpine fir,and it maintained local abundance but not range expansion of ponderosa ***:Wildfire may play a larger role in eliminating these conifer species along trailing edges of their distributions than facilitating establishment along leading edges,in part due to dispersal limitations and interspecific competition,and future populations may increasingly depend on persistence in locations unfavorable for their establishment.

关键词： Forest disturbance Wildfire Climate change Central Rocky Mountains Climate niche Species migration Species distribution

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Mitigating osteonecrosis of the j.w(ONj. through preventive dental care and understanding of risk factors

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 14-25页

作者： j.son TWan douglas MSheeley Martha j.omerman j.nice SLee National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Laboratory for Oral Connective Tissue Biology National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

It is well established that alterations in phosphate metabolism have a profound effect on hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. The present-day clinical form of osteonecrosis of the j.w(ONj. was preceded by phosphorus necrosis of the j.w, ca. 1860. The subsequent removal of yellow phosphorus from matches in the early 20 th century saw a parallel decline in "phossy j.w" until the early 2000 s, when similar reports of unusual j.w bone necrosis began to appear in the literature describing j.w necrosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy and concomitant steroid and bisphosphonate treatment. Today, the potential side effect of ONj.associated with medications that block osteoclast activity(antiresorptive) is well known, though the mechanism remains unclear and the management and outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Much of the existing literature has focused on the continuing concerns of appropriate use of bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive medications, the incomplete or underdeveloped research on ONj. and the use of drugs with anabolic potential for treatment of osteoporosis. While recognizing that ONj.is a rare occurrence and ONj.associated medications play an important role in fracture risk reduction in osteoporotic patients, evidence to date suggests that health care providers can lower the risk further by dental evaluations and care prior to initiating antiresorptive therapies and by monitoring dental health during and after treatment. This review describes the current clinical management guidelines for ONj. the critical role of dental-medical management in mitigating risks, and the current understanding of the effects of predominantly osteoclast-modulating drugs on bone homeostasis.

关键词： drugs metabolism alterations

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