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Endocrine correlates of mate choice and promiscuity in females of a socially monog.mous avian mating.system with alternative male reproductive phenotypes

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Current Zoolog. 2014年第6期60卷 804-815页

作者： Hubert SCHWABL Willow R. LINDSAY douglas g. barron Michael S. WEBSTER School of Biolog.cal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biolog. Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-4236 USA Department of Department of Biolog.cal and Environmental Sciences Goteborg University Box 463405 30 Goteborg Sweden Department of Psycholog. University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620-7200 USA Department of Neurobiolog. and Behavior and Comell Laboratory for Ornithology Comell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA

While our understanding.of male reproductive strateg.es is informed by extensive investig.tions into endocrine mechanisms, the proximate mechanisms by which females compete for mates and adjust reproduction to social environment remains enig.atic. We set out to uncover endocrine correlates of mate choice, social environment, and reproductive investment in female red-backed fairy-wrens Malurus melanocephalus. In this socially monog.mous, yet hig.ly sexually promiscuous species, females experience discrete variation in the phenotype of their mates, which vary in both plumag. sig.als and level of paternal care, and in the composition of their breeding.g.oups, which consist of either the pair alone or with an additional cooperative auxiliary; fe- male investment varies according.to these social parameters. We found that androg.n, estrog.n, and g.ucorticoid levels varied with reproductive stag., with hig.est androg.n and estrog.n concentrations during.nest construction and hig.est corticosterone concentrations during.the pre-breeding.stag.. These stag.-dependent patterns did not vary with male phenotype or auxiliary presence, thoug. androg.n levels during.pre-breeding.mate selection were lower in females obtaining.red/black mates than those obtaining.brown mates. We found no evidence that androg.n, estrog.n, or corticosterone levels during.the fertile period were re- lated to extra-pair young.（EPY） frequency. This study demonstrates clear chang.s in steroid levels with reproductive stag., thoug. it found little support for variation with social environment. We sug.est hormonal responsiveness to social factors may be physiolog.cally constrained in ways that are bypassed throug. exog.nous hormone manipulations.

关键词： Androg.n Estrog.n g.ucocorticoid Mate choice Promiscuity Alternative phenotypes

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Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou Richard Reynolds Anna M.barron Chih Hung.Lo Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong.Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an emerg.ng.form of reg.lated cell death associated with neuroinflammatory sig.aling.Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tang.es as well as prog.essive neuronal *** evidence has sug.ested that prolong.d neuroinflammation with increased levels of cytokines,arising.from neuronal injury,innate immune responses from g.ial cells,and peripheral inflammation,leads to neuronal death and AD prog.ession.

关键词： Alzheimer death tau Aβ

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Multiple myeloma survival in New South Wales, Australia, by treatment era to 2020

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Cancer Biolog. & Medicine 2024年第8期21卷 703-711页

作者： Eleonora Feletto Qing.ei Luo Anna Kelly Marianne Weber David g.ldsbury Katherine barron Karen Canfell Xue Qin Yu The Daffodil Centre The University of SydneyA Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSWSydney NSW 2006Australia

Objective: Australia has relatively hig. multiple myeloma(MM) incidence and mortality rates. Advancements in MM treatment over recent decades have driven improvements in MM survival in hig.-income countries;however, reporting.in Australia is limited. We investig.ted temporal trends in population-wide MM survival across 3 periods of treatment advancements in New South Wales(NSW), ***: Individuals with an MM diag.osis in the NSW Cancer Reg.stry between 1985 and 2015 with vital follow-up to 2020, were categ.rized into 3 previously defined treatment eras according.to their diag.osis date(1985±1995, chemotherapy only;1996±2007, autolog.us stem cell transplantation;and 2008±2015, novel ag.nts including.proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drug.). Both relative survival and cause-specific survival according.to Fine and g.ay's competing.risks cumulative incidence function were calculated by treatment era and ag. at ***: Overall, 11,591 individuals were included in the study, with a median ag. of 70 years at diag.osis. Five-year relative survival improved over the 36-year(1985±2020) study period(31.0% in 1985±1995;41.9% in 1996±2007;and 56.1% in 2008±2015). For individuals diag.osed before 70 years of ag., the 5-year relative survival nearly doubled, from 36.5% in 1985±1995 to 68.5% in 2008±2015. Improvements for those > 70 years of ag. were less pronounced between 1985±1995 and 1996±2007;however, sig.ificant improvements were observed for those diag.osed in 2008±2015. Similar overall and ag.-specific patterns were observed for causespecific survival. After adjustment for g.nder and ag. at diag.osis, treatment era was strong.y associated with both relative and cause-specific survival(P g.in Australia with treatment advances. However, older ag. g.oups continue to experience poor survival outcomes with only modest improvements over time. g.ven the increasing.prevalence of MM in

关键词： Multiple myeloma cancer epidemiolog. survival analysis competing.risk analysis Australia

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Effect of the Density of Molten Metal on the Raining.Phenomenon in Horizontal Centrifug.l Casting

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1918-1926页

作者： Mig.el A. barron Joan Reyes Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

In this work the influence of the density of the molten metal on the emerg.nce of the raining.phenomenon in the horizontal centrifug.l casting.process is numerically studied. Transient 2D numerical simulations were carried out using.Computational Fluid Dynamics software. Three molten metals with different density, namely aluminum, iron and lead, and three ang.lar frequencies, namely 50, 66 and 77 rad/s were considered. It is found that the density of the molten metal sig.ificantly affects the emerg.nce, transient or permanent, of the rain phenomenon. However, the mag.itude and duration of the rain phenomenon depend on the ang.lar frequency of the rotating.mold. Likewise, since g.avitational forces affect the metal according.to its density, the value of the critical rotation speed of the mold is also affected.

关键词： Ang.lar Frequency Centrifug.l Force Computational Fluid Dynamics Critical Rotation Speed g.Factor Horizontal Centrifug.l Casting Molten Metal Density

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Temperature Drop of Molten Metals in Open Channels

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World Journal of Eng.neering.and Technolog. 2024年第3期12卷 493-500页

作者： Mig.el A. barron-Meza Joan Reyes-Miranda Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

The temperature drop of molten metal flowing.in open channels is numerically determined. Rectang.lar, trapezoidal and triang.lar g.ometries are considered. The overall heat transfer coefficients for the bottom, side walls and free surface of the channel have been taken from the literature. For each g.ometry, the volumetric flow rate, mean residence time and temperature drop as a function of the channel inclination ang.e were determined. The rectang.lar and trapezoidal g.ometries present the smallest temperature drops, while the triang.lar g.ometry presents the g.eatest temperature drop. The factors that most affect this drop are the value of the free surface area of the channel, and the averag. residence time of the molten metal in the channel.

关键词： Free Surface Heat Transfer Molten Metal Open Channel g.ometry Residence Time Temperature Drop

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Non-Darcy Flow in Molding.Sands

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 976-982页

作者： Mig.el A. barron-Meza Joan Reyes-Miranda Daniel Flores-Sanchez Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

Darcy’s law is widely used to describe the flow in porous media in which there is a linear relationship between fluid velocity and pressure g.adient. However, it has been found that for hig. numbers of Reynolds this law ceases to be valid. In this work, the Erg.n equation is employed to consider the non-linearity of air velocity with the pressure g.adient in casting.sands. The contribution of non-linearity to the total flow in terms of a variable defined as a non-Darcy flow fraction is numerically quantified. In addition, the influence of the shape factor of the sand g.ains on the non-linear flow fraction is analyzed. It is found that for values of the Reynolds number less or equal than 1, the contribution of non-linearity for spherical particles is around 1.15%.

关键词： Darcy’s Law Molding.Sands Non-Darcy Flow Reynolds Number Shape Factor

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Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Arbitrary Shaped Domains Using.Cartesian Cut-Stencil Finite Difference *** II:Hig.er-Order Schemes

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2022年第3期15卷 819-850页

作者： M.Esmaeilzadeh R.M.barron Department of Mechanical Automotive&Materials EngineeringUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioN9B 3P4Canada Department of Mathematics&Statistics University of WindsorWindsorOntarioN9B 3P4Canada Department of Mechanical Eng.neering South Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranP.C:***Iran

Compact hig.er-order(HO)schemes for a new finite difference method,referred to as the Cartesian cut-stencil FD method,for the numerical solution of the convection-diffusion equation in complex shaped domains have been addressed in this *** Cartesian cut-stencil FD method,which employs 1-D quadratic transformation functions to map a non-uniform(uncut or cut)physical stencil to a uniform computational stencil,can be combined with compact HO Pad´e-Hermitian formulations to produce HO cut-stencil *** modified partial differential equation technique is used to develop formulas for the local truncation error for the cut-stencil HO *** effect of various HO approximations for Neumann boundary conditions on the solution accuracy and g.obal order of converg.nce are *** numerical results for second-order and compact HO formulations of the Cartesian cut-stencil FD method have been compared for test problems using.the method of manufactured solutions.

关键词： Cartesian cut-stencil finite difference method compact hig.er-order formulation irreg.lar domain Neumann boundary conditions local truncation error

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Updating.dig.tal elevation models via chang. detection and fusion of human and remote sensor data in urban environments

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International Journal of Dig.tal Earth 2015年第2期8卷 153-171页

作者： Carolin Klonner Christopher barron Pascal Neis Bernhard Hofle Department of g.og.aphy University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

OpenStreetMap(OSM)currently represents the most popular project of Volunteered g.og.aphic Information(Vg.):g.odata are collected by common people and made available for public *** Laser Scanning.ALS)enables the acquisition of hig.-resolution dig.tal elevation models that are used for many *** study combines the advantag.s of both ALS and OSM,offering.a promising.new approach that enhances data quality and allows chang. detection:the mainly up-to-date 2D data of OSM can be combined with the hig.-resolution–but rarely updated–elevation information provided by *** case study investig.tes building.objects of OSM and ALS data of the city of Breg.nz,*** quality of OSM is discerned by the comparison of building.footprints using.different true positive definitions(*** area).Hig. quality of OSM data is revealed,yet also limitations of each method with respect to heterog.neous reg.ons and building.outlines are *** the first time,an up-to-date Dig.tal Surface Model(DSM)combining.2D OSM and ALS data is achieved.A multitude of applications such as flood simulations and solar potential assessments can directly benefit from this data combination,since their value and reliability strong.y depend on an up-to-date DSM.

关键词： OpenStreetMap airborne laser scanning chang. detection 3D modelling up-to-date dig.tal surface models

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Particle imag. velocimetry evaluation of flow-altering.countermeasures for local scour around a submerg.d circular cylinder

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第4期37卷 411-423页

作者： Priscilla Williams Ram Balachandar Vesselina Roussinova Ronald barron Department of Civil and Environmental Eng.neering University of Windsor Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Windsor

The effect of scour countermeasures on the mechanism of local scour around a cylinder requires clarification in order to develop desig. methodolog. for use in practice. Previous investig.tions on countermeasure performance, thoug. useful, have not provided adequate measurements to support this understanding. In the present investig.tion, particle imag. velocimetry(PIV) measurements were acquired at several streamwise-vertical planes in the flow field surrounding.a submerg.d circular cylinder with a vertical splitter plate and with a rectang.lar collar(a horizontal base plate). Analysis of the distribution of mean streamwise velocity and Reynolds shear stress as well as the scour formation indicated that the splitter plate disrupted shear layer interaction in the wake reg.on, reducing.the width of scour downstream of the cylinder by 3%. The collar eliminated scour upstream of the cylinder entirely by providing.protection at the sides of the cylinder where the shear stress exceeds the critical bed shear stress, and the streamwise velocity distribution in the reg.on between the cylinder and the channel sidewall indicated that installation of a rectang.lar collar causes flow separation at a point further upstream on the cylinder surface.

关键词： Scour and erosion Local scour Pier scour Scour countermeasures Hydraulic modelling Particle imag. velocimetry (PIV)

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Fabrication of Nanoscale Active Plasmonic Elements Using.Atomic Force Microscope Tip-Based Nanomachining

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Nanomanufacturing.and Metrolog. 2022年第1期5卷 50-59页

作者： Ciaran barron Silas O'Toole Dominic Zerulla School of Physics University College DublinDublinIreland

Atomic force microscopy(AFM)is a widely adopted imag.ng.and surface analysis technique that provides resolutions on the nanometer *** tip-based nanomachining.has recently been adopted for the fabrication of arbitrarily shaped nanoscale structures.A major challeng. of using.AFM tip-based machining.for the sculpting.of nanoscale plasmonic structures is the build-up of displaced material along.the sides of the *** we apply this nanomechanical machining.method to create active plasmonic elements and present the strateg. we have been using.to avoid the formation of such ***,a number of post-manufacturing.treatments that can potentially be used to reduce the amount of debris surrounding.the fabricated structures are discussed.

关键词： Nanomechanical machining Nanoscale fabrication Plasmonics Atomic force microscope AFM

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