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Albumin administration in patients with cirrhosis: Current role and novel perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第33期28卷 4773-4786页

作者： Angelo Zambam de Mattos douglas alano simonetto Carlos Terra Alberto Queiroz Farias Paulo Lisboa Bittencourt Tales Henrique Soares Pase Marlon Rubini Toazza Angelo Alves de Mattos Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Care-the ABC Group Graduate Program in Medicine:Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States Department of Gastroenterology State University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 20550-170Brazil Department of Gastroenterology University of São PauloSão Paulo 01246-903Brazil Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Hospital PortuguêsSalvador 40130-030Brazil Internal Medicine Unit Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Brazil Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Brazil 不详

Mortality in cirrhosis is mostly associated with the development of clinical decompensation,characterized by ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,variceal bleeding,or ***,it is important to prevent and manage such ***,the pathophysiology of decompensated cirrhosis was explained by the peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis,but it is currently understood that decompensation might also be driven by a systemic inflammatory state(the systemic inflammation hypothesis).Considering its oncotic and nononcotic properties,albumin has been thoroughly evaluated in the prevention and management of several of these decompensating *** are formal evidence-based recommendations from international medical societies proposing that albumin be administered in individuals with cirrhosis undergoing large-volume paracentesis,patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,those with acute kidney injury(even before the etiological diagnosis),and those with hepatorenal ***,there are a few randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses suggesting a possible role for albumin infusion in patients with cirrhosis and ascites(long-term albumin administration),individuals with hepatic encephalopathy,and those with acute-on-chronic liver failure undergoing modest-volume *** studies are necessary to elucidate whether albumin administration also benefits patients with cirrhosis and other complications,such as individuals with extraperitoneal infections,those hospitalized with decompensated cirrhosis and hypoalbuminemia,and patients with hyponatremia.

关键词： Cirrhosis Albumin Paracentesis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Acute kidney injury Hepatorenal syndrome

Gastric cystica profunda:Another indication for minimally invasive endoscopic resection techniques?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第27期30卷 3278-3283页

作者： Harjot K Bedi douglas Motomura Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 2K5BCCanada

Gastric cancer presents a significant global health burden,as it is the fifth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer mortality *** in incidence rates across regions underscores the multifactorial etiology of this *** overall 5-year survival rate remains low despite advances in its diagnosis and *** surgical gastrectomy was previously standard-of-care,endoscopic resection techniques,including endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)have emerged as effective alternatives for early *** to surgical resection,endoscopic resection techniques have comparable 5-year survival rates,reduced treatment-related adverse events,shorter hospital stays and lower *** also enables en bloc resection,thus affording organ-sparing curative endoscopic resection for early *** this editorial,we comment on the recent publication by Geng et al regarding gastric cystica profunda(GCP).GCP is a rare gastric pseudotumour with the potential for malignant *** presents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations and varied endoscopic *** are several gaps in the literature regarding the diagnosis and management of GCP which warrants further research to standardize patient *** in endoscopic resection techniques offer promising avenues for GCP and early gastric cancers.

关键词： Early gastric cancer Endoscopy Endoscopic submucosal dissection Gastric cystica profunda

A Many Worlds Interpretation of the Dark Universe

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 828-835页

作者： Richard douglas Bateson Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge UK

In this paper, we discuss a Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of Dark Energy and Dark Matter. The universe is viewed cosmologically as a fermionic fluid with a hydrostatic pressure from “Zitterbewegung”, the quantum “zig-zagging” of Dirac particles. At each point in space-time, the pressure from all possible velocity states existing in the Many Worlds sums to provide a dark energy. This provides a ratio of matter energy to pressure energy close to that observed experimentally. Visible matter is the matter observed or measured in a particular velocity state and dark matter is then considered as the unobserved fermion contributions from different orthogonal spatial directions.

关键词： Dark Energy Dark Matter Many Worlds

Increasing dietary fiber intake for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A systematic review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 1001-1010页

作者： douglas Nitzke Juliana Czermainski Carolina Rosa Chaline Coghetto Sabrina Alves Fernandes Randhall B Carteri Department of Nutrition Centro Universitário CESUCACachoeirinha 94935-630Brazil Department of Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90430-080Brazil Postgraduate Program in Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Postgraduate Program in Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)Porto Alegre 90050-170Brazil

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic,non-communicable disease with a substantial global impact,affecting a significant number of *** etiology is closely tied to imbalanced dietary practices and sedentary ***,increasing die-tary fiber(DF)intake has consistently demonstrated health benefits in numerous studies,including improvements in glycemic control and weight *** To investigate the efficacy of DF interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the association between DF intake and the management of *** the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 26 studies were included in this *** The main strategies implied to increased DF intake were:High DF diet plus acarbose(2 studies);DF supplements(14 studies);and high DF diets(10 studies).Overall,most studies indicated that increased DF intake resulted in im-provements in glycemic control and weight management in T2DM *** DF represents a valuable strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,improving health *** intake offers the potential to improve quality of life and reduce complications and mortality associated with ***,through supplements or enriched foods,DF contributes significantly to the control of several markers such as HbA1c,blood glucose,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,and body weight.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Soluble fibers Insoluble fibers Probiotics Blood glucose Nutrition

Assessment of the piroxicam-incited model of synchronized colitis in T-cell receptor alpha chain-deficient mice

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第4期7卷 533-543页

作者： Maximo E.Lange Danisa M.Bescucci Valerie F.Boras Tony Montina G.douglas Inglis douglas inglis 11 lethbridge research and development centre agriculture and agri-food canadalethbridgealbertacanada alberta health services chinook regional hospitallethbridgealbertacanada department of chemistry and biochemistry university of lethbridgelethbridgealbertacanada southern alberta genome sciences centre university of lethbridgelethbridgealbertacanada

Background:A multitude of mouse models are utilized to emulate and study intestinal inflammation.T-cell receptor alpha chain(TCRα)-deficient mice are used as a model of spontaneous colitis that has similarities with human ulcerative ***,colitis is triggered late in the life of the mouse(age:4-5 months),and inflammation does not develop at the same time in different mice.A previously conducted study reported that the administration of the drug piroxicam triggered predictable and early colitis in TCRα-deficient mice at the age of 6-8 ***,a detailed characterization of ensuing inflammation was not ***:We conducted an in-depth examination of piroxicam-triggered colitis in TCRα-deficient mice,with emphasis on spatial histopathologic changes and analysis of expression of inflammatory ***,we tested amelioration of colitis with ***:We confirmed that piroxicam induced a time-prescribed colitis and did so in the proximal colon as well as the cecum of TCRα-deficient *** adminis-tration was observed to induce epithelial hyperplasia,goblet cell loss,and leukocyte infiltration with occasional ulceration.A Swiss roll technique was used to examine the colon and cecum in its ***,we observed that inflammation was mul-tifocal segmental,with areas of tissue damage in between healthy *** addition,we observed variability in the severity of inflammation among replicate animals and treatments,and that the administration of dexamethasone only partially ameliorated inflammation in the proximal ***:Piroxicam consistently induced multifocal segmental colitis in the proxi-mal colon and cecum,although the degree of inflammation was reduced in the ***,spatial variability in inflammation in the large intestine and the inter-replicate variation in the severity of inflammation must be taken into consideration when utilizing this murine model of synchronized colitis.

关键词： colon dexamethasone histology induction inflammation knockout

Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de CASTRO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William douglas CARVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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银河系搭车客指南

英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第10期 16-19页

作者： douglas Adams

《银河系搭车客指南》是一部由英国著名科幻小说家道格拉斯·亚当斯创作的科幻小说。地球要被毁灭了,因为它所在的地方将修建一条超空间快速通道。主人公亚瑟·邓特和朋友福特活了下来,而福特其实是个外星人,是名著《银河系搭车客指南...

《银河系搭车客指南》是一部由英国著名科幻小说家道格拉斯·亚当斯创作的科幻小说。地球要被毁灭了,因为它所在的地方将修建一条超空间快速通道。主人公亚瑟·邓特和朋友福特活了下来,而福特其实是个外星人,是名著《银河系搭车客指南》派赴地球的研究员。两人开始了一场穿越银河的冒险,能够帮助他们的只有《银河系搭车客指南》一书中所包含的无限智慧。本文为节选。

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Effects of Papyrus Plants (Cyperus papyrus) on the Physicochemical Parameters and Nutrient Levels of Water and Sediments in Yala Swamp Wetland in Western Kenya

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2024年第1期15卷 1-23页

作者： Violet Achieng Orodo Paul Otieno Abuom Emmanuel Amukohe Shikanga Elly Tetty Osewe douglas Nyambane Anyona Fredrick Mhina Mngube Stephen Adongo Odongo Department of Environmental Studies Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Chemistry Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Murang’a University of Technology Murang’a Kenya Wetlands International Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Physical Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya

Yala swamp wetland is the largest fresh water wetland ecosystem in Kenya supporting a broad biodiversity. It comprises of River Yala, the Yala swamp, Lakes Kanyaboli, Namboyo and Sare, and a portion of Lake Victoria neighboring the swamp. Approximately 2300 ha of land have been reclaimed and has been used for large-scale agriculture resulting in mass destruction of papyrus to create room for framing. Papyrus are known to be important in phytoremediation but despite this role information is limited, lacks supportive evidence and the empirical aspect on the levels of these pollutants in relation to the papyrus biomass is limited. The study is aimed at determining the effects of Cyperus papyrus on the water and sediment quality in Yala Swamp wetland. Six sampling sites were purposefully selected to monitor the variations of the physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen: DO, pH, biological oxygen demand: BOD, total suspended solids: TSS, turbidity, electrical conductivity: EC and total dissolved solids: TSS) and the levels selected nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates) in water and sediments as River Yala flows through Dominion Farms, Lake Sare which surrounded by Cyperus papyrus and finally into Lake Victoria. The samples were collected in triplicates during the wet and dry seasons (May and September 2015 respectively). The physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using a Hydrolab muiltimeter while the nutrients were analyzed using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was done using SAS V9.0 software. The mean temperature was 26.19˚C ± 0.71˚C, DO: 3.72 ± 1.02 Mg/l, BOD: 3.9 ± 0.32 Mg/l, pH: 7.52 ± 0.17, TDS: 109 ± 86.33, EC: 173.26 ± 13.8 μS/cm, TSS: 12.42 ± 18.51 Mg/l and Turbidity: 12.29 ± 10.03 NTU. The values varied significantly at P 0.05 among all the sites. The results show that papyrus is useful in maintaining the required levels of physicochemical parameters. The study will assist in conservation of the papyrus to help phytoremediate

关键词： Adsorbing Contaminants Phytoremediation Conservation Cyperus papyrus

Association between acute peripancreatic fluid collections and early readmission in acute pancreatitis:A propensity-matched analysis

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 75-88页

作者： Hassam Ali Faisal Inayat Waqas Rasheed Arslan Afzal Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Pratik Patel Attiq Ur Rehman Muhammad Sajeel Anwar Gul Nawaz Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Amir H Sohail Subanandhini Subramanium Dushyant Singh Dahiya Deepa Budh Babu P Mohan douglas G Adler Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTX 79430United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic’s HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Gastroenterology Mather Hospital and Hofstra University Zucker School of MedicinePort JeffersonNY 11777United States Department of Hepatology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes-BarrePA 18711United States Department of Internal Medicine UHS Wilson Medical CenterJohnson CityNY 13790United States Department of Internal Medicine Louisiana State University HealthShreveportLA 71103United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 64108United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Barnabas Hospital and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10457United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy Porter Adventist HospitalCentura HealthDenverCO 80210United States

BACKGROUND Patients with acute pancreatitis(AP)frequently experience hospital readmissions,posing a significant burden to healthcare *** peripancreatic fluid collection(APFC)may negatively impact the clinical course of *** could worsen symptoms and potentially lead to additional ***,clinical evidence regarding the specific association between APFC and early readmission in AP remains *** the link between APFC and readmission may help improve clinical care for AP patients and reduce healthcare *** To evaluate the association between APFC and 30-day readmission in patients with *** This retrospective cohort study is based on the Nationwide Readmission Database for *** with a primary diagnosis of AP were *** were categorized into those with and without APFC.A 1:1 propensity score matching for age,gender,and Elixhauser comorbidities was *** primary outcome was early readmission *** outcomes included the incidence of inpatient complications and healthcare *** analyses used Mann-Whitney U andχ2 tests,while Cox regression models assessed 30-day readmission risks and reported them as adjusted hazard ratios(aHR).Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests verified readmission *** A total of 673059 patients with the principal diagnosis of AP were *** these,5.1%had APFC on initial *** propensity score matching,each cohort consisted of 33914 *** with APFC showed a higher incidence of inpatient complications,including septic shock(3.1%vs 1.3%,P<0.001),portal venous thrombosis(4.4%vs 0.8%,P<0.001),and mechanical ventilation(1.8%vs 0.9%,P<0.001).The length of stay(LOS)was longer for APFC patients[4(3-7)vs 3(2-5)days,P<0.001],as were hospital charges($29451 vs$24418,P<0.001).For 30-day readmissions,APFC patients had a higher rate(15.7%vs 6.5%,P<0.001)and a longer median readmission LOS(4 vs 3 days,P<0.001).The APF

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Acute peripancreatic fluid collections Readmission predictors Inpatient complications Healthcare utilization and costs