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Impact of Ambient Air Pollution and Meteorological Factors on Hospital Admission to the Cardiovascular System Disease on Ulaanbaatar City of Mongolia

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第2期10卷 100-114页

作者： Altangerel Enkhjargal Badrakh Burmaajav Sambuu Tsegmed Batbaatar Suvd Byambagar Norolkhoosuren dorj unurbat Jadamba Batbayar Academy of Medical Professionals Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences Ach Medical University Ulaanbaatar Mongolia National Center for Public Health Ulaanbaatar Mongolia National center for Health Development Ulaanbaatar Mongolia National Center for Environmental Monitoring Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

Background: Mongolia is situated in northern Central Asia. Landlocked between China and Russia, it is a vast expanse of high attitude grassland steppe, desert, and mountain covering an area of 1,565,000 square kilometers. Air pollution is an increasingly series problem in Mongolia. Materials and Methods: This is a time-series cross over study. All health and air pollution data of 2008-2017 was used for this survey. Results: The mean level of SO2 during the cold season was 35.22 μg/m3 and during the warm season it was 4.65 μg/m3. 24 hours PM10 concentration, during the cold season daily average concentration was 226.77 μg/m3. The 8 hours average daily carbon monoxide concentration (1352.85 μg/m3 [95% CI: 1313.07 - 1396.15]) was high during the cold season, ozone concentration (39.10 μg/m3 [95% CI: 37.95 - 40.35]) was high during the warm season. Air quality depends on metrological parameters. All correlation was statistically significant during the whole year and cold season. In total, 288,832 people get admitted to the hospital due to cardiovascular system disease in Ulaanbaatar during the year of 2008-2017. In general, hospitalization is increasing year by year. Significant associations were found for SO2 with hypertensive diseases (I10 - I15), ischemic heart diseases (I20 - I25), cerebrovascular diseases (I60 - I69), diseases of pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart (I00 - I09, I26 - I52) in all lags. For NO2 was less associated with Ischemic heart diseases (I20 - I25) and diseases of pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart (I00 - I09, I26 - I52). For both PM10 and PM2.5, every disease had observed significant RR in lag 0 - 3. Significant associations were found for air pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, and O3 in all lags had a statistically significant association with cold season’s cardiovascular system disease admission. As expected during the warm season significant association was found only lag 1 with PM2.5 and lags (0, 1) CO and O3. C

关键词： Air Pollution Cardiovascular System Disease Meteorological Factors Ulaanbaatar

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Understanding the oxidation chemistry of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)sheets and their catalytic performances

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 437-445,I0010页

作者： Suvdanchimeg Sunderiya Selengesuren Suragtkhuu Solongo Purevdorj Tumentsereg Ochirkhuyag Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene Purevlkham Myagmarsereejid Ashley DSlattery Abdulaziz SRBati Joseph GShapter dorj Odkhuu Sarangerel Davaasambuu Munkhbayar Batmunkh Department of Chemistry Division of Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatar 14200Mongolia Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathan campusBrisbaneQueensland 4111Australia Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Adelaide Microscopy The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia

Transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)nanosheets are attractive two-dimensional(2D)materials,but they suffer from oxidation/degradation issues during storage and/or applications due to their sensitivity to water and *** the great research progress,the exact oxidation kinetics of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)and their final products after oxidation are not fully ***,we systematically tracked the oxidation process of few-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) nanosheets in an aqueous solution at room temperature over several *** also studied the oxidation effects on the electrocatalytic properties of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) for hydrogen evolution reaction and found that the overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)increases from 0.435 to 0.877 V after three weeks of degradation,followed by improvement to stabilized values of around 0.40 V after eight *** results suggest that severely oxidized MXene could be a promising candidate for designing efficient *** to our detailed experimental characterization and theoretical calculations,unlike previous studies,black titanium oxide is formed as the final product in addition to white Ti(IV)oxide and disordered carbons after the complete oxidation of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).This work presents significant advancements in better understanding of 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)oxidation and enhances the prospects of this material for various applications.

关键词： 2D materials MXene Chemical degradation Catalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Short Term Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Admission in Ulaanbaatar

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2020年第2期8卷 64-78页

作者： Altangerel Enkhjargal Otgonbyamba Oyun-Erdene Badrakh Burmaajav Sambuu Tsegmed Batbaatar Suvd Byambagar Norolkhoosuren dorj unurbat Jadamba Batbayar Davaakhuu Narantuya Palam Enkhtuya Academy of Medical Professionals Ulaanbaatar Mongolia National Center for Public Health Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Ach Medical University Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Department of Health Development Ulaanbaatar Mongolia National Agency of Environmental Monitoring Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. The air quality is influenced by locations of the air pollution sources, their performance capacity, the technology used, the composition of waste generated and geographical and climate conditions. In this study, a time-series analysis was conducted to estimate the association of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and hospitalization due to asthma in Ulaanbaatar. Objectives: We estimate the short-term associations between daily changes in ambient air pollutants and daily asthma in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Methods: This is a time-series cross over study. All asthma hospital admission and air pollution data of 2008-2017 was used for this assessment. Data analyzed by using the program STATA-12. For testing the differences of the results were used appropriate non-parametric tests. Result: The daily mean of sulfur dioxide concentration was 35.22 mg/m3 in the cold season, which was 7.57 times higher than the mean of the hot season. The mean annual PM 10 concentration was 182.73 μg/m3. Most of the cases of asthma were among women, aged between 5 - 64 years old, registered during winter and spring. 3.8 people admitted to the hospital mostly on weekdays. In all Lag of SO2, in Lag of NO2, in all Lag of PM 10, in PM 2.5 and in all Lag except for Lag 2 of CO, Lag 0 - 2 of O3 the incidence is likely to increase by 0.3% - 6.1% per 10 units of pollutants. Conclusion: The air pollution especially PM 10, PM 2.5, and CO are the most harmful air pollutants to asthma in Ulaanbaatar. The correlation mainly between asthma admission cases with meteorological parameters is because of the cold winter condition.

关键词： Аir Pollution Asthma Time-Series Cross Over Lag Ulaanbaatar Air Pollution

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Intrinsic hard magnetism and thermal stability of a ThMn_(12)-type permanent magnet

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1829-1838页

作者： Tumentsereg Ochirkhuyag Soon Cheol Hong dorj Odkhuu Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheon22012South Korea Department of Physics University of UlsanUlsan44610South Korea

Herein,we theoretically demonstrate that simple metal(Ga and Al)substitutional atoms,rather than the conventional transition metal substitutional elements,not only stabilize the ThMn_(12)-type SmFe_(12) and Sm(Fe,Co)_(12)phases thermodynamically but also further improve their intrinsic magnetic properties such that they are superior to those of the widely investigated SmFe_(11)Ti and Sm(Fe,Co)_(11)Ti magnets,and even to the state-of-the-art permanent magnet Nd_(2)Fe_(14)*** specifically,the quaternary Sm(Fe,Co,Al)_(12)phase has the highest uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy(MCA)of about 8 MJ m^(−3),anisotropy field of 18.2 T,and hardness parameter of 2.8 at room temperature and a Curie temperature of 764 ***,the Al and Ga substitutional atoms improve the single-domain size of the Sm(Fe,Co)_(12)grains by nearly a factor of *** results of MCA and MCA-driven hard magnetic properties can be described by the strong spin-orbit coupling and orbital angular momentum of the Sm 4f-electron orbitals.

关键词： permanent anisotropy stability

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An Outline and New Aspects of the Regional Stratigraphy of Mongolia

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Open Journal of Geology 2017年第11期7卷 1579-1589页

作者： dorj dorjnamjaa Institute of Paleontology and Geology Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

This paper concerns deals with the Mongolian regional stratigraphic classification of sedimentary, sedimentary-volcanogenic sediments, and metamorphic complex spread over the territory of Mongolia according to the new International Chronostratigraphic Chart [1]. The regional stratigraphy of Precambrian-Cenozoic rocks of the Mongolian territory was studied by dorjnamjaa et al. [2]. So, this paper provides for the stratigraphy and correlation of key sections through the Archean-Proterozoic-Mesozoic-Cenozoic of various areas of Mongolia. In this paper, the author introduces the most important results indicating the key reference sections for the first time and put into a broad regional context. The characterization and geologic mapping of lithological units provided an essential basis for the lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy. Especially key biostratigraphic aspects are the phenomenon of faunal succession. The basic lithostratigraphic unit is the formations and groups which have been successful mapped. At present in Mongolia for Precambrian period (systems and series) 30 formations and groups, for Paleozoic—about 250 formations and groups, for Mesozoic—102 formations and groups, for Cenozoic—27 formations, members, and beds are distinguished. The auxiliary stratigraphic units are members, beds which should be mapped depending on great extent of detailed study. In the regional stratigraphical classification, there are two primary kinds of stratotypes [3]: a) unit stratotypes, which serve as the standard of definition for a stratigraphic unit, and b) boundary stratotypes, which serve as the standard of definition for a stratigraphic boundary. These aspects, in particular gradational boundaryas far as possible were examined for example for Archean-Paleoproterozoic (by geochronologic data), Ediacaran-Early Cambrian (by soft-bodied fossils, trace fossils and small shelly fossils), Ordovician-Silurian (by beyrichiidostracodes), Devonian-Carboniferous (

关键词： Lithostratigraphy Biostratigraphy Paleontology Classification Correlation Formation Member Bed Reference Section Organic Fossil Fauna Flora

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Concerning the Original Viewpoint of Biogeologic Accumulation of the Old Bedded Phosphorites in the Khubsugul and Zavkhan Basins of Mongolia

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Open Journal of Geology 2015年第9期5卷 666-675页

作者： dorj dorjnamjaa Gundsambuu Altanshagai Institute of Paleontology and Geology Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

This paper concerns deals with?biogeologic?accumulation and their peculiarities, lithological unites of the phosphorite-bearing formations of these basins and an evolution of the old biota. Old bedded phosphorites are believed to be connected with specific biogeological events happening in the Neoproterozoic glaciation, which was followed by rapid deglaciation,?Ediacaran bioradiation and the “great” postglacial transgression bearing phosphorites at its initial phase. The Mongolian phosphate basins give evidence of this phenomenon. Khubsugul basin is located in the northern Mongolia. The Neoproterozoic-Cambrian phosphorite-bearing khubsugul group is subdivided into 3 formations as ongolik, kheseen and erkhelnuur which are rich in organic fossils (a group of cyanobacterial mats, archaeocyaths, trilobites) in the ascending order. The Zavkhan basin lies in the western Mongolia. The Ediacaran-lower Cambrian sediments are divided into five formations: Maikhanuul (diamictites), Tsagaanolom (phosphorite-bearing carbonate), Bayangol, Salaanygol and Khairkhan. All the formations contain the paleontological fossils (algae, sponges, cyanobacterial mats, ichnocoenosis, soft-bodied fauna, archaeocyaths, etc.). Bedded phosphorites are the object for comprehensive research of bacterial paleontology. It is shown at example of the Mongolian Khubsugul and Zavkhan sea shelf phosphate basins. The expounded actual material clearly shows that the heterogeneous biologic activity, suitable geologic (transgressive systems tracts) and paleogeographic (glaciations, warm climate, etc.) conditions played an important role in the formation and accumulation of the biogenic bedded phosphorites.

关键词： Khubsugul Zavkhan Basin Phosphorite Fossils Biota Accumulation

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Concerning Diamond and Gold-Bearing Astropipes of Mongolia

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第2期1卷 98-104页

作者： dorj dorjnamjaa D. M. Voinkov L. S. Kondratov D. Selenge G. Altanshagai B. Enkhbaatar 不详

In this paper we present summation of thirteen year’s investigation of the all diamond-bearing structures of Mongolia. Four gold and diamond-bearing astropipe structures of exemplified by the Agit Khangay, Khuree Mandal, Bayan Khuree and Tsenkher astropipes of Mongolia. Detailed geological and gas-geochemical investigation of the diamond and gold-astropipe structures show that diamond genesis is an expression of collision of the lithospheric mantle with the explosion process initiated in an impact collapse meteor crater.

关键词： Astropipe Diamond Impact Crater Spherules Meteoritic Iron Shatter Cones Pyrope

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Higher Level of Social Development—Enlightenism

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2020年第5期10卷 279-292页

作者： Jargal dorj ONCH-USA Co.Chicago

This article determined the cause of social suffering by using set theory and also demonstrated that the cause of any suffering is the emptiness quality of Yang and Ying of the phenomena or“ownership”view and have been given its *** described the society free from the basic suffering as named enlightened society or enlightenism like one of the formations of the social development and explained its scientific evidence and described the cause and condition of this society’s evolution and development.

关键词： emptiness capitalism communism industrialism price possession nirvana

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Reproduction and Mortality of Re-introduced Przewalski＇s Horse Equus przewalskii in Hustai National Park, Mongolia

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第6期7卷 623-629页

作者： Usukhjargal dorj Bandi Namkhai Hustai National Park Ulaanbaatar 13 Mongolia

The reproduction rate of Equus przewalskii in this study increased from year to year showing that the wild horses have already felt comfortable in the new environment and became acclimatized successfully. Of the mares which were born in Hustai National Park and successfully reached reproductive age, 24.7% first gave birth at age 3 and 55.6% of them first gave birth at age 4. The most effective age range within the breeding population was 5 to 15, 25%-89% of them giving birth and an average during 2002-2011 of 72.9%. Of the Przewalski"s horses which died, 65% were foals, 9.4% subadult male, 7.7% subadult female, 7.2% adult male and 10.6% were adult females. Causes of mortality differed by age and sex although wolf attacks accounted for the predominant number of deaths among foals and subadults. Stallions usually died of bad condition and injuries but parturition problems were common causes of death among mares. The mortality rate of foals (40% in 1993-2011) is a matter of great concern since foals born in Hustai National Park are the only gain component now after the active reintroduction period came to an end. A total of 109 foals were killed by wolves in 1993-2011 but 52% of them were younger than one month.

关键词：死亡原因普氏野马国家公园生育年龄复制蒙古亚成体养殖群体

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