In most group-living mammals,reproductive success declines with increasing age and increases with increasing *** effects have mainly been studied in matrilineal and in“age positive”hierarchies,which are stable and i...
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In most group-living mammals,reproductive success declines with increasing age and increases with increasing *** effects have mainly been studied in matrilineal and in“age positive”hierarchies,which are stable and in which high ranking females often outperform low ranking *** relationships are less well-understood in age-inversed dominance hierarchies,in which a female’s rank changes over *** analyzed demographic data of 2 wild,unprovisioned groups of gray langurs(Semnopithecus schistaceus)near Ramnagar,Nepal covering periods of 5 years *** rank was unstable and *** measured reproductive success via birth rates(57 births),infant survival(proportion of infants surviving to 2 years)and number of offspring surviving to 2 years of age(successful births)for 3 age and 3 rank *** found that old females performed significantly worse than expected(birth rate P=0.04;successful births P=0.03).The same was true for low ranking females(P=0.04,and Pded to examine whether captive or provisioned populations deviate predictably from wild populations.
The pygmy marmoset,the smallest of the anthropoid primates,has a broad distribution in Western *** studies using molecular and morphological data have identified two distinct species separated by the Napo and Solimoes...
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The pygmy marmoset,the smallest of the anthropoid primates,has a broad distribution in Western *** studies using molecular and morphological data have identified two distinct species separated by the Napo and Solimoes-Amazonas ***,reconciling this new biological evidence with current taxonomy,i.e.,two subspecies,Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea(Spix,1823)and Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris(Lönnberg,1940),was problematic given the uncertainty as to whether Spix’s pygmy marmoset(Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea)was collected north or south of the Napo and Solimoes-Amazonas rivers,making it unclear to which of the two newly revealed species the name pygmaea would ***,we present the first molecular data from Spix’s type specimen of Cebuella pygmaea,as well as novel mitochondrial genomes from modern pygmy marmosets sampled near the type locality(Tabatinga)on both sides of the *** these data,we can confirm the correct names of the two species identified,i.e.,*** for animals north of the Napo and Solimoes-Amazonas rivers and *** for animals south of these two *** analyses of the novel genetic data placed into the context of cytochrome b gene sequences from across the range of pygmy marmosets further led us to reevaluate the geographical distribution for the two Cebuella *** dated the split of these two species to 2.54 million years *** discuss additional,more recent,subdivisions within each lineage,as well as potential contact zones between the two species in the headwaters of these rivers.
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